| 1. |
- Brunnström, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of glossy screens on the visual ergonomics of flat panel displays.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Information Display. - 1071-0922 .- 1938-3657. ; 16:10, s. 1041-1049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The TCO requirements provide well-known and recognized quality labels for displays.For these requirements to remain useful, they must continuously be reviewed and updated when nec-essary. The study described here was performed in response to the market trend of designing flat-paneldisplays and notebooks with glare panels. The purpose of this study was to investigate subjectiveresponses to display screens of different gloss levels for office workers working on different tasks undernormal office-lighting conditions. The study consisted of three parts, one where the users should setan acceptable reflex level, one where the user should rate their disturbance on a category scale, andone where the visual acuity of the users were investigated whether they were affected by glare or not.The results show that increasing gloss and increasing luminance levels had negative effects on theacceptance and the disturbance of reflexes. There were statistically significant differences in theacceptance and the disturbance levels between screens with low gloss and screens with high gloss,which suggests that screens with the highest gloss levels should be avoided. The study did not showan effect on the performance based on acuity testing.
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| 2. |
- Brunnström, K, et al.
(författare)
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Visual experience of quality degradation when viewing computer and notebooks displays from an oblique angle
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Information Display. - 1071-0922 .- 1938-3657. ; 19:5, s. 387-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focused on evaluating the user experience of the viewing-angle-dependent quality of computer and notebook displays. The tests were performed in a test lab using a notebook with a prismatic display and a computer monitor with a conventional LCD. The notebook display was tilted and turned during an image-quality test and tilted during an acuity test. On the computer monitor, the turn and tilt was simulated in the image-quality test, for checking the TCO requirements. The results from the image-quality test show that the parameter used in the TCO requirement, luminance ratio, would be a reasonable predictor of image quality. However, the experiment with the notebook display shows that, in general, this is not the case, especially for larger viewing angles where the physical characteristics do not show a gradual variation in luminance. Therefore, the luminance ratio in TCO requirements shall be used with caution. In addition, the results for the notebook display show that the visual acu ity decreased faster with increasing viewing angle than predicted from the luminance decrease alone. This means that it will be harder to resolve small details and will, therefore, have a negative influence on the visual ergonomics.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hegde, Gurumurthy, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Beam Alignment Technique for Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Information Display. - 1071-0922. ; 16:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The plasma-beam alignment procedure earlier developed for the alignment of nematic liquid crystals is successfully extended to ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC). The highly uniform alignment of the “chevron” structure (before electrical treatment of FLC cells) and “quasi bookshelf” structure (after the electrical treatment) are realized. The contrast of bistable switching larger than 350:1 is achieved. This makes the non-contact plasma-beam alignment procedure especially attractive for high-contrast bistable LCDs on an LCOS base, particularly used in PDA and e-books. Fast switching and realization of gray scale in the plasma-beam aligned FLC cellsmakes this technique also promising for full-color displays including color LCD TV.
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| 5. |
- Komitov, Lachezar, 1944
(författare)
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Tuning the alignment of liquid crystals by means of nano-structured surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the SID. - 1071-0922. ; 16:9, s. 919-925
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solid-surface/liquid-crystal interactions, defining the field-free alignment of the liquid crystal in conventional liquid-crystal displays, are playing a vital role in their optical appearance and performance. Nano- scale changes in the solid-surface structure induced by light have been recently shown to affect the anchoring strength and the easy-axis direction. Fine tuning of the anchoring strength is also demonstrated by nano- structuring of the Langmuir–Blodgett monolayer employed as liquid-crystal alignment layers promoting homeotropic orientation. On the basis of nano-engineering of the surface alignment properties, two novel alignment concepts have been introduced: electrically commanded surfaces (ECS) and high-performance alignment layers (HiPAL). Nano-structured polymers related to these concepts have been designed, synthesized, and used as materials for alignment layers in LCDs. ECS materials belong to the category of active alignment materials designed to mediate switching of the liquid crystal, whereas the HiPALmaterials make possible the control of the molecular tilt angle in a broad range, from 0° to 90°, and they seem to enable the control of the anchoring strength as well. The nano-structured alignment materials are strong candidates for implementation in a new generation of advanced liquid-crystal displays and devices.
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| 6. |
- Osterman, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of azo-dye alignment layer on plastic substrates
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Information Display. - : Wiley. - 1071-0922 .- 1938-3657. ; 13:12, s. 1003-1009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The alignment properties of the azo dye photo-alignment material SD-1/SDA-2 on plastic substrates are investigated. Excellent alignment with high anchoring energy can be achieved with a polarized UV dose less than 1.0 J/cm2. A reflective 6-digit flexible passive matrix driven TN-LCD for smart card applications showing excellent electro-optical properties is demonstrated.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Tourancheau, S, et al.
(författare)
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LCD motion-blur estimation using different measurement methods
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Information Display. - 1071-0922 .- 1938-3657. ; 17:3, s. 239-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary goal of this study was to find a measurement method for motion blur whichis easy to carry out and gives results that can be reproduced from one lab to another. This methodshould be able to also take into account methods for reduction of motion blur such as backlight flash-ing. Two methods have been compared. The first method uses a high-speed camera that permits us todirectly picture the blurred-edge profile. The second one exploits the mathematical analysis of themotion-blur formation to construct the blurred-edge profile from the temporal step response. Meas-urement results and method proposals are given and discussed.
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| 9. |
- Valyukh, Sergiy, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of flexible reflective liquid crystal cells
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Information Display. - : Wiley. - 1071-0922 .- 1938-3657. ; 13:6, s. 501-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider peculiarities in testing flexible reflective liquid-crystal (LC) cells. Several new methods for measuring optical retardation of filled reflective LC cells on plastic substrates are proposed. Cases when the plastic is anisotropic and the LC cell consists of either one or two internal polarizers are studied. The majority of proposed methods can be applied for transmissive LC cells as well as for measuring twist angle.
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| 10. |
- Åman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Recent developments in large-area photomasks for display applications
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Information Display. - San Jose, CA : Wiley. - 1071-0922. ; 9:1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most critical areas in the manufacturing process for FPD panels or shadow masks for CRTs is lithography. Most existing lithography technologies require high-quality large-area photomasks. The requirements on these photomasks include positioning accuracy (registration) and repeatability (overlay), systematic image quality errors ("mura" or display quality), and resolution (minimum feature size). The general trend toward higher resolution and improved performance, e.g., for TFT desktop monitors, has put a strong focus on the specifications for large-area-display photomasks. This article intends to give an overview of the dominant issues for large-area-display photomasks, and illustrates differences compared with other applications. The article will also present state-of-the-art methods and trends. In particular, the aspects of positioning accuracy over large areas and systematic image-quality errors will be described. New qualitative and objective methods have been developed as means to capture systematic image-quality errors. Results indicating that errors below 25 nm can be found early in the manufacturing process is presented, thus allowing inspection for visual effects before the actual display is completed. Positioning accuracy below 400 nm (3 sigma) over 720 × 560 mm have been achieved. These results will in the future be extended up toward 1 × 1 m for generation 4 in TFT-LCD production.
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