| 1. |
- Nystedt, Paul
(författare)
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Widowhood-related mortality in Scania, Sweden during the 19th century
- 2002
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 7:3, s. 451-478
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, mortality risks are empirically examined in connection with spousal bereavement in four parishes in Scania, southern Sweden, during the 19th century using duration analysis. The data are longitudinal and the inhabitants have been followed literally from the cradle to the grave. To simultaneously catch transitory (shock) and persistent (long-term) effects of widowhood on mortality of the surviving spouse, the Cox semiparametric proportional hazards model has been applied with time spent in widowhood as a time-dependent multiple factor. Widowers in general were found to face higher relative mortality risks than widows and the effect of bereavement decreased through time. The estimated relative risks for males were dependent on socioeconomic status and widowers classified as landless faced high relative risks. Quantitatively, the magnitude of our estimates was large in comparison with similar studies made on contemporary data. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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Disability, partnership, and family across time and space
- 2020
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - : Routledge. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 25:2, s. 177-201
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Notions of family life and romantic partnership, like notions ofdisability, have been culturally constructed and socially produced over historical time, and our understandings of these notions are being continually challenged and re-negotiated across time and space. Policies, institutions, and cultural practices across the globe have brought about changes to the construction of the family and to the rights and inclusion of disabled people in private and public life. This special issue brings together a collection of studies from different countries and time periods to explore the interplay between disability, romantic partnerships, and family life across the individual lifetime and between generations. With this interdisciplinary collection, we seek to merge disability research and research on family and partnerships through a life course lens. This offers unique insights and opportunities to interconnect historical and cultural location and changing social institutions with individual and family experiences. This introduction presents the eight studies in the collection and discusses them within a life course frame that views disabled people’s roles as partners, spouses, and members of a family. In so doing, it engages in ananalysis of (dis)similarities concerning how family dynamics, romantic relationships, and disability have developed over time and in different spaces.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden in 1930 and the 1930 census
- 2016
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - London : Routledge. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 21:1, s. 61-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary goal of censuses has always been to collect reliable information on the state’s population and provide a basis for governmental decision-making. This study examines the categories used in the 1930 census and links them to the context in which they were generated. We treat the census as a tool of state power, which can be discerned from the definitions of its categories and the way in which statistics are collected and used. The guiding question of the study was “how does the 1930 census differ from previous censuses and how can these differences and changes be explained?” We find that as in earlier censuses, Statistics Sweden used extracts from the parish books on the individual level to collect information for the 1930 census, but also used diverse supplementary sources including tax registers, income tax returns and language surveys. Thus, unlike in most countries, Sweden did not send out census takers or questionnaires to the population. Many of the new or updated variables we see in the 1930 census such as income, wealth, and number of children born, can be related to the political and social debate concerning the poor working class and the establishment of the welfare state. The inclusion of categories such as ethnicity, religion, and foreign nationality can be seen as part of a normative approach wanting to control, monitor and correct deviant elements of the Swedish population. Sweden has several extraordinary longitudinal population databases built on the country’s excellent parish registers dating back to the 18th century. While the Swedish censuses have rarely been used as sources of data for historical analysis, this work demonstrates that the 1930 census has great potential to support new research.
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| 4. |
- Bergenheim, Sophy, et al.
(författare)
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Pursuing pronatalism : non-governmental organisations and population and family policy in Sweden and Finland, 1940s-1950s
- 2020
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - : Routledge. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 25:4, s. 671-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to nuance notions of 'pronatalism' by applying it as an analytical concept for studying population and family policy Sweden and Finland in the 1940s and 1950s. This endeavour is pursued by analysing the ideologies and practices of three pronatalist non-governmental organisations from Sweden, Finland and Swedish Finland: the Swedish Population and Family Federation (Befolkningsforbundet Svenska Familjevarnet), the Finnish Population and Family Welfare League (Vaestoliitto) and the Swedish Population Federation in Finland (Svenska Befolkningsforbundet i Finland, SBF). All three organisations promoted family-friendly policies, emphasised the need for wide-spread population policy education or 'propaganda', and framed pronatalist population policy as a collective issue of the nation or 'people', yet with different motivations and framings. Vaestoliitto and SBF related the so-called population question to an external threat: the Soviet Union that threatened the geopolitical status of Finland, and the pressure of the Finnish-speaking majority, respectively. In addition, SBF saw that the Finland-Swedes were delusional about their demographic and cultural vulnerability and were hence causing their own demise. Familjevarnet, on the other hand, first and foremost connected family and population policy to the furthering of welfare, solidarity and democracy, primarily within Sweden but also transnationally. Respectively, the organisations also framed motherhood slightly differently. Vaestoliitto and SBF portrayed procreation as a civic duty and motherhood as the most important role of women. Familjevarnet also viewed motherhood as an important and natural role for women, yet not as an exclusive civic duty. Rather, it emphasised that all citizens had a duty to contribute to a positive demographic development and family-friendly society, either through procreation or by partaking in the cost of bringing up children.
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| 5. |
- Cheng, Yen-hsin Alice, et al.
(författare)
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An East-West dichotomy? Shifting marriage age patterns in Taiwan and Sweden over two centuries
- 2021
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 26:3, s. 434-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age at marriage varies greatly over time and between places. This study examines changes in age differences between spouses, as well as age at marriage, over 200 years in Taiwan and Sweden. Changes across vastly different socioeconomic and demographic contexts are explored in these two different kinship and marriage systems. Five different data sources are used to create micro-level data on spousal age differences for Swedish marriages formed between 1830 and 2006 and for Taiwanese ones that occurred between 1870 and 2015. The findings reveal two clearly distinct marriage systems that converge in some ways over time but remain divergent in other aspects. Since the 19th century Sweden has had a population that marries much later in life, when compared to Taiwan, though the pace of marriage postponement in Taiwan has made the age profiles of contemporary married couples appear more similar to those of their Swedish counterparts. In addition, the distribution of ages at marriage has also become more dispersed in the contemporary than in the historical period for both countries. While age at marriage varied greatly over the two centuries, this study puts particular emphasis on how age at marriage for both men and women interacts with age differences between spouses. Findings revealed a gendered age preference in both Taiwan and Sweden, and how this has changed over time with rising female status and development. In contrast to shrinking age differences in Taiwan over one and a half centuries, average age differences in Sweden remained relatively constant, with the dispersion of age differences following a U-shaped pattern and reaching a minimum in around 1970.
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| 6. |
- Clementsson, Bonnie
(författare)
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Changing patterns of hierarchy within Swedish stepfamilies in the late 1700s
- 2022
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Ingår i: History of the Family. - 1081-602X. ; 27:3, s. 546-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Like many other West European countries during the early modern period, Swedish society was structured by a variety of hierarchies and, in this context, the principle of filial deference, or the obedience and recognition children–young or adult–were expected to show their parents, was more or less absolute. These ideas of family hierarchy also influenced marriage laws and the formal rules of who was allowed to marry whom. During the 1700s the number of applications to the Swedish Crown seeking permission to marry from couples who were related to each other in some way increased significantly. Often these requests concerned second marriages and possible constructions of stepfamilies. Through analyses of more than 1000 marriage applications to authorities in Sweden from the early 1700s to the early 1900s, this article will show how notions of the power relations within the families changed towards the end of the 1700s, affecting how different forbidden relationships were perceived and assessed by the authorities. Parental respect was challenged and the unconditional respect for the older generation started to diminish. This cultural shift also affected the possible constellations and structures of stepfamilies even though there had been no change of the formal laws.
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| 7. |
- Debiasi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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The long-term consequences of parental death in childhood on mortality and the role of socioeconomic status : evidence from Sweden at the turn of the 20th century
- 2021
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 26:4, s. 657-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The death of a parent during childhood is a major traumatic event. While there is a good understanding of the early-life effects of parental loss, the evidence regarding its impact on adult mortality is still scarce. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to study the long-term consequences of parental loss on mortality with a particular focus on differences by socioeconomic status (SES) of the family. We use data from 1880, 1890, 1900, and 1910 Swedish censuses that have been linked to the Swedish Death Index, which contain records for the deaths occurred in Sweden between 1860 and 2016. We run a series of OLS regressions to estimate the mean age at death of orphans adjusting for a set of parental and household characteristics. In addition, we account for children's own socioeconomic position and marital status in adulthood. The findings suggest that parental death in childhood has long-lasting detrimental consequences later in life even though it decreases substantially as individuals get older. We explain the decreasing magnitude of the association with age as likely to be due to an increased selection with the more resilient individuals surviving to older ages. The presence of stepparents is associated with a survival advantage, but we do not find support for an interaction effect between parental death and family SES. Accordingly, the detrimental consequences of parental death are equally observed among all social classes. Including adulthood characteristics slightly attenuates the relationship between parental death in childhood and adulthood mortality, but the results remain significant.
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| 8. |
- Drugge, Ulf
(författare)
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Public affairs, privacy, and family stress : a case study in rural northern Sweden in the mid-nineteenth century
- 2013
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 18:1, s. 68-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is a case study based on court records. What seems initially to be a petty theft gives rise to remarkable events. Affairs that are initially private later become public. Various events in and around the court throw light upon the way court and community respond to family stress in a mid-nineteenth century rural northern Swedish community. Testimonies by a large number of witnesses in court reveal a society in transition with elements of a money market, which means here a huge amount of ready money in circulation and arenas ready to shelter private transactions.
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| 9. |
- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The practice of birth control and historical fertility change : Introduction
- 2010
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - : Elsevier. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 15:2, s. 117-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This introduction discusses the contributions in the special issue. The articles present results concerning the practice of birth control, mainly at the family level. They represent different analytical approaches where both interviews, letters, surveys and micro-level data have been used. The European fertility decline has made a fundamental change to the societies in the 20th and 21st centuries. Birth control spreads rapidly. Research in this field requires both qualitative and quantitative studies, where both approaches contribute to different perspectives on the transition. The articles in the issue discuss several themes in relation to birth control, of which three are developed in the introduction. These are gender and fertility, gender and health and finally how to control fertility. The presented results demonstrate the importance of including gender in the analyses of the fertility decline. A gender perspective makes it natural to consider historical persons as agents. It is also necessary to acknowledge that we should not treat the married couple as a single unit. They may have conflicting interests, something that several of the articles illustrate. One aspect we would like to emphasize is how health problems can influence the will to have more children and this affects birth control. This is a theme that in different forms is taken up by several of the authors. Finally, families practiced birth control with several different methods that also changed throughout the married years, thus demonstrating a flexibility that is often overlooked in conventional methods for the analysis of fertility.
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| 10. |
- Fourie, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Building the Cape of Good Hope Panel
- 2018
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Ingår i: History of the Family. - 1081-602X. ; 23:3, s. 493-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the intergenerational dynamics of productivity, social mobility and demographic change of any contemporary society is a challenge. To do this for a pre-industrial society at the southern tip of Africa seems almost impossible. Yet this is the purpose of the Cape of Good Hope Panel, an annual panel data set–still under construction–of Cape Colony settler tax records over almost two centuries. The transcription of this ambitious project is now in its fourth year. Here we describe the history of the project, the transcription process, and present some preliminary results.
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