| 1. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Technology use in Swedish reindeer husbandry through a social lens
- 2017
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 40:1, s. 19-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationalizing production more effectively, technological developments and innovations also have effects on, for example, skills, knowledge and social relations, that connect the specific technique to large processes and rationalities. In the conflict between user rights and ownership rights in northern Sweden, the introduction of new techniques within reindeer husbandry is studied on a local and embodied level. Through observations and interviews, the tension between empowerment and control in their implementation is further explored by utilizing a labor process theoretical framework. The results illustrate a shift in the definition of skills and knowledge, in relation to the use of GPS and GIS, that reshape, reorganize, restructure and embody the labor process of reindeer husbandry and spatial, temporal and ecological relations. Through its production of subjective conditions and dependence, the disciplinary logic of these techniques contributes to shape and enact governable spaces and subjects within the context. Operating as technologies of government, the techniques emphasize the responsibilities of the reindeer herding community and shape their participation, by reinforcing the demand for certain kind of subjectivities and accountability – governmental rationales that contribute to a technologicalization and depoliticizing of policy and conflict managing.
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| 2. |
- Andreyev, Oleg A., et al.
(författare)
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Privatization of municipal property in Murmansk
- 1995
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 19:2, s. 88-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a pilot study of privatization of municipal property in the Russian North based on data from the Murmansk city government. After a general overview of the process in Russia and Murmansk city, the paper outlines a number of positive and negative aspects of the privatization of city-owned enterprises on the basis of interviews conducted with the management of the newly privatized enterprises.
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| 3. |
- Bonamy, Morgane, et al.
(författare)
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‘I think it is the toughest animal in the North’ : human-wolverine interactions among hunters and trappers in the Canadian Northwest Territories
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 43:1, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wolverine (Gulo gulo), a carnivore species of ‘Special Concern’ for its western population and ‘Endangered’ for its eastern population, is of special management concern in Canada. Hence understanding human-wolverine relationships and human perceptions toward this carnivore species has become important. Moreover, wolverines are harvested for fur in northern Canada, thus hunters and trappers who live in the vicinity with this species are key stakeholders. Using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires we analysed human-wolverine interactions and perceptions among Dene and Métis hunters and trappers in the Canadian Northwest Territories. We found that hunters and trappers had comprehensive knowledge about wolverine ecology and behavior. Values associated with this species ranged from respect for their tenacious character and strength, to describing the wolverine as a trickster. Stories emphasizing the wolverines’ mischievous nature were also common. Dene and Métis hunters and trappers acknowledge the importance of the wolverine in the socio-ecological system and have observed the cumulative impacts that climate and human-induced landscape change have had on wolverine habitat and population dynamics. Listening to hunters and trappers is one path towards more insightful management options in situations involving conflicts with wolverines.
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| 4. |
- Dannevig, Halvor, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive capacity to changes in terrestrial ecosystem services amongst primary small-scale resource users in northern Norway and Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 38:4, s. 271-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results from case studies in which we investigate the interrelations between changes in ecosystem services (ESs) and adaptive capacity among small-scale users of multi-use forest or outfields resources in northern Sweden and Norway. The study presents a framework that utilizes scenarios for changes in ESs under climate change in combination with qualitative interviews with outfield resource users in order to assess their adaptive capacity to the projected changes. The study illustrates that ESs may change significantly under climate change, and in particular affect winter snow and ice conditions, for instance increasing the duration of the growing season but with consequences for pasture quality. We find that given structural constraints, the key factors that influence the selected resource users' adaptive capacity at an individual level include motivation and entrepreneurial inclinations, which are related to the lifestyle choice of making a livelihood based on small-scale and multi-use occupations.
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| 5. |
- Frame, Bob, et al.
(författare)
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Tourism and heritage in Antarctica : exploring cultural, natural and subliminal experiences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 45:1, s. 37-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The guidelines on heritage management adopted by the 2018 Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting provide the most recent iteration for an Antarctic tourism sector which had, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, been projected to increase further with various risks and potential impacts requiring careful management. In this paper the role of cultural heritage for tourism prior to the COVID-19 pandemic is examined through three empirical perspectives. First, how the Antarctic cultural heritage is represented through the designation of Historic Sites and Monuments and Site Guidelines for Visitors; then how this is presented through tourism operators’ websites; and, finally, how it is experienced by visitors as narrated in open-source social media information. Each dataset suggests that, while cultural heritage is an important component of an increasingly commodified tourist offering, it is only part of an assemblage of elements which combine to create a subliminal and largely intangible Antarctic experience. In particular, a polarization of the heritage experience between cultural and natural does not appear productive. The paper proposes a more nuanced understanding of heritage tourism in Antarctica which accommodates the notion of a hybrid experience that integrates cultural heritage, the history and stories this heritage represents, and the natural environmental setting.
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| 6. |
- Hägglund, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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How is 'Sami tourism' represented in the English-language scholar literature?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 42:1, s. 58-68
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 'Sami tourism' seems to be increasing, both as a practice as well as a focus of research attention. The present study illustrates a review of English language literature concerning Sami tourism and discusses the specific perspectives in this. The study uses a systematic literature review approach to grasp these perspectives and summarize the findings of pertinent English-language publications. In total 37 relevant publications were found that focus clearly on both 'tourism' and 'Sami' (28 articles and 9 book chapters, all published between the years 1998-2017). Our analysis identifies three central themes in the literature so far: (1) the roles and limitations of Sami tourism, (2) conflicts regarding tourism development, and (3) the representation of Sami in relation to tourism. Finally, these findings are discussed in relation to broader literature including literature published in regional languages.
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| 7. |
- Jeuring, Jelmer, et al.
(författare)
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Toward valuable weather and sea-ice services for the marine Arctic : exploring user-producer interfaces of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 43:2-3, s. 139-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recognition is growing that valuable weather, water, ice and climate (WWIC) services for marine, Arctic environments can only be produced in close dialogue with its actual users. This denotes an acknowledgement that knowing how users incorporate WWIC information in their activities should be considered throughout the information value chain. Notions like co-production and user engagement are current terms to grapple with user needs, but little is known about how such concepts are operationalized in the practical context of tasks and responsibilities of National Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Services (NMHS). Based on a series of in-depth, qualitative interviews with a diversity of personnel from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, we describe the shifting dynamics of interactions between WWIC information providers and maritime stakeholders operating in Arctic environments. Three key challenges are discussed, pertaining to both day-to-day and strategic interactions: (1) the importance of knowing how information is used, (2) the increasing automation of meteorological practices and the growing need for user observations, and (3) the need for bridging research-tooperations gaps. We embed these findings in a discussion on how user-producer interfaces are shaped and transforming through an ongoing negotiation of expertise, changing the roles and responsibilities within particular constellations of co-producing WWIC information services.
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| 8. |
- Koivurova, Timo, et al.
(författare)
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'Social license to operate' : a relevant term in Northern European mining?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 38:3, s. 194-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of social license to operate (SLO) is increasingly being used throughout the world to describe a specific aspect of company–community relations in resource-extractive projects, in particular how different actors interact to resolve, or not, the social and economic impacts on local communities and other stakeholders. This article will tease out the main elements of the SLO concept and examine the degree to which both actors (mining companies and communities), verbally and in action, respond toward one another. Based on previous empirical studies of scholars in the field, we have applied an analytical framework of SLO to empirically test whether or not it can provide greater insight into the motivations both behind a community's acceptance of or opposition to a company's project, as well as the extent to which a company is willing to appease the public in order to gain their acceptance. The framework combines a set of normative criteria the company must meet as a precondition to gaining SLO, with different levels of community acceptance indicating the degree to which a community bestows SLO on the company. Eight case studies from the European north (two mining projects in each of the countries Norway, Finland, Russia, and Sweden) have been selected to test the SLO analytical framework in order to ultimately determine whether a company's specific SLO practices (i.e. active public engagement, sponsoring community projects, etc.) generate different levels of community acceptance. Although there are other contributing factors that affect company–community relations in the context of mining projects, most notably the legal and regulatory frameworks for resource-extractive projects, the goal of this article is to focus on the social and ethical dimensions of the company–community relationship.
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| 9. |
- Leu, Traian, et al.
(författare)
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Maintaining inherited occupations in changing times : the role of tourism among reindeer herders in northern Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 39:1, s. 40-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism is often identified as able to provide opportunities for indigenous populations. In northern Sweden, correspondingly tourism has been proposed to create employment opportunities and help preserve Sámi indigenous culture. Although there are numerous studies on the topic, they are lacking in a time dimension and comprehensiveness. Often they are based on limited case studies and narratives of those members of the indigenous population who have engaged in new activities successfully. Therefore, this work aims to investigate on a national scale how widespread are tourism occupations among reindeer herders and what are some of the characteristics of those engaged in them. This paper uses detailed census and population register data containing personal and professional information on reindeer herders in Sweden and their families spanning 50 years. The findings suggest that involvement in tourism is more common among reindeer herders than farmers. Moreover, involvement in tourism is highly gendered with women being more likely to be engaged in it. Findings also show that the type of tourism professions people are engaged in is more a result of the available geographical resource than an inherent inclination among reindeer herders to work with specific fields such as nature-based attractions.
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| 10. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The Arctification of northern tourism : a longitudinal geographical analysis of firm names in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 45:2, s. 119-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European North has long attracted travelers, the selling point often being the availability of nature and wilderness. Recent developments, however, suggest a greater variety of tourism motivations, including new products such as dogsled tours, aurora borealis watching, snowmobiling, and stays at ice hotels. Many of these firms use names containing the term ‘Arctic' or similar terminology related to imaginations of the Far North. The chosen terminology is considered one example of the process of ‘Arctification'. However, there is a limitation in descriptive knowledge about the overall Arctification of the region’s tourism industry. Hence, this article aims to illustrate the Arctification of the tourism industry by mapping the changing geographies of firm names. Through its results, the study aims to contribute an understanding of how firm naming is part of the tourism production, and how this influences the reimaging and delineation of regions. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, extracting data from the Retriever Business database. The results show a clear development of tourism firms increasingly using Arctic terminology in their firm names. Also, the tourism firms’ locations show patterns of spatial differences related to the region’s natural environment, population density, infrastructure, and the firms’ age.
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