| 1. |
- Ball, Linden J., et al.
(författare)
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The effects of stimulus complexity and conceptual fluency on aesthetic judgments of abstract art : Evidence for a default–interventionist account
- 2018
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - : Routledge. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 33:3, s. 235-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report an experiment investigating how stimulus complexity and conceptual fluency (i.e., the ease of deriving meaning) influence aesthetic liking judgments for abstract artworks. We presented participants with paintings at two levels of complexity (high vs. low) and five levels of conceptual fluency (determined from a prior norming study) and requested separate ratings of beauty and creativity. Our predictions were derived from the PIA Model (Pleasure-Interest Model of Aesthetic Liking), which views aesthetic preferences as being formed by two, distinct fluency-based processes: an initial, automatic, stimulus-driven, default process and a subsequent, perceiver-driven deliberative process. A key trigger for deliberative processing is assumed to be disfluency at the default stage, as caused by factors such as visual complexity. We predicted that complexity and conceptual fluency would interact in determining aesthetic liking, with people preferring complex stimuli, but only when these are relatively easy to process conceptually. Our results supported this prediction for beauty judgments, although creativity judgments showed a curiously uniform profile. Nevertheless, the predictive capacity of the PIA Model in relation to beauty judgments attests to the explanatory strength of this default?interventionist theory of aesthetic liking. We conclude by noting important parallels between the PIA Model and the Revised Optimal Innovation Hypothesis, which likewise has broad reach in explaining how defaultness and non-defaultness affect pleasure across a range of linguistic and pictorial stimuli.
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| 2. |
- Hartman, Jenny, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Emotive and sensory simulation through comparative construal
- 2018
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 33:2, s. 123-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using authentic textual data from written personal narratives, we investigate how individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Tourette Syndrome mediate their emotive and sensory experiences through language. Our study reveals that experiential comparisons of different kinds (Trying not to tic is like trying not to blink) feature prominently as means of conveying such experiences. We identify a number of meaning domains that are recruited in correspondences between sources and targets, including MOTION and FORCE, and detail how sensory modalities, bodily sensations, and emotions are exploited to evoke emotive/sensory responses in readers. We conclude that comparative construal is a significant communicative strategy precisely because it elicits familiar situational meanings capable of evoking vicarious experiences in readers. By considering texts from actual uses of language in natural situations, our research sheds new light on how emotive/sensory experiences are conveyed through language and furthers our understanding of means of effecting emotive/sensory descriptions beyond individual words. An explanatory framework for comparative construal is proposed—a three-dimensional similarity space—which accounts for such construal in terms of the nature of correspondences between sources and targets and intersubjective evaluation in the form of experiential, embodied simulation.
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| 3. |
- Johansson Falck, Marlene
(författare)
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From ecological cognition to language : When and why do speakers use words metaphorically?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 33:2, s. 61-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea that metaphorical meaning is guided by speakers’ experiences of the world is central to Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Yet little is known about the ways in which speakers’ understandings of objects in the world around them influence how they use words in metaphorical and nonmetaphorical ways. This article is a corpus linguistic analysis of the collocational patterns of metaphorical and non-metaphorical bridge instances from the Corpus of American English Corpus of Contemporary American English. The study shows that metaphorical and non-metaphorical uses of words are systematically linked to different types of real world experiences. It is argued that lexical metaphors are, in fact, lexico-encyclopedic conceptual metaphors (i.e., conceptual mappings that involve speakers’ understandings of specific target concepts by means of the specific source concepts that they refer to in metaphorical language), and that they are constrained by cognitive salience.
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| 4. |
- Johansson Falck, Marlene, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Procedure for identifying metaphorical scenes (PIMS) : The case of spatial and abstract relations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - : Routledge. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 38:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS) (Johansson Falck & Okonski, accepted) was developed to identify metaphorical meaning that extends over phrases or longer stretches of text, but it can also be used to identify metaphorically understood concepts coded by individual words. It focuses on scenes evoked by linguistic expressions to distinguish metaphorical, non-metaphorical, and ambiguous cases. In this paper, we pay particular attention to the relationships evoked by prepositional constructions and the elements that are part of these relationships. Our main aims are to show how PIMS can be used to identify metaphors in language that includes prepositions and to test the reliability of the procedure. We first describe the tricky nature of prepositions and why PIMS is needed in this particular context. Then we introduce the procedure and present two studies that test its reliability. In Study 1, PIMS was applied to a large corpus of sentences containing the preposition into (n = 8,500 instances). In Study 2, we analyze a mixed-preposition text that was previously used in a MIPVU study (Nacey, Dorst, Krennmayr, & Reijnierse, 2019a) in order to directly compare the reliability of PIMS to previous procedures for analyzing prepositions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Moskaluk, Kalina, et al.
(författare)
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“Dizziness of Freedom” : Anxiety Disorders and Metaphorical Meaning-making
- 2022
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 37:4, s. 303-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Would metaphors used in the context of psychotherapy by people who experience various forms of anxiety disorders differ from those used by people who experience stress? We investigated this question with the help of the Motivation & Sedimentation Model (MSM), a theory of meaning-making developed within the synthetic new discipline of cognitive semiotics. The analysis of a sample of ten transcripts of psychotherapy sessions concerning the topic of anxiety, and a comparable sample concerning stress, showed a significantly stronger proportion of conventionalized metaphors in the stress sample, and a marginally significant difference in the number of innovative metaphors in the anxiety sample. These results suggest that lived experience of an anxiety disorder or another form of maladaptive anxiety affects metaphorical meaning-making, and manifests itself in spontaneous metaphor use. Furthermore, as a result of the conceptual and the empirical investigations of the topic, we propose novel theoretical and operational definitions of the notion of metaphoricity.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Paradis, Carita, et al.
(författare)
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Describing Sensory Experience: The Genre of Wine Reviews
- 2013
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 28:1, s. 22-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the article is to shed light on how experiences of sensory perceptions in the domains of VISION, SMELL, TASTE and TOUCH are recast into text and discourse in the genre of wine reviews. Because of the alleged paucity of sensory vocabularies, in particular in the olfactory domain, it is of particular interest to investigate what resources language has to offer in order to describe those experiences. We show that the main resources are, on the one hand, words evoking properties that are applicable cross-modally and properties of objects that range over more than one domain, and on the other, vivid imagery that compares the characteristics of the wine with people, building, animals and the hustle and bustle of market places and other events. The second goal is to account for the construals of the meanings of the expressions used in the recontextualization into written discourse in the light of their apparent flexibility across the descriptions of the sensory experiences. In contrast to a large body of the literature on sensory meanings in language, we argue that the descriptors of properties such as sharp, soft, lemon and cherry used to describe a wine’s qualities across the sensory domains are not polysemous synesthetic metaphors, but monosemous synesthetic metonymizations, more precisely zone activations. With regard to the imagery used, the construals represented cover both similes, metaphorizations and metonymizations proper.
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| 9. |
- Paradis, Carita
(författare)
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Where Does Metonymy Stop? Senses, Facets, and Active Zones
- 2004
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 19:4, s. 245-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to propose a constrained lexical semantic definition of referential metonymy within a model of meaning as ontology and construal. Due to their various types of lexical-referential pairings, 3 types of construals that are frequently referred to as metonymy in the cognitive literature are distinguished as metonymization, facetization, and zone activation. Metonymization involves the use of a lexical item to evoke the sense of something that is not conventionally linked to that particular lexical item. It is argued that metonymy is a contingent relation that stops at the sense level. Facetization and zone activation both involve the use of conventional pairings of lexical items and contextual readings. Facetization takes place within senses at the level of qualia structure and zone activation takes place within qualia structure. Zone activation is a ubiquitous phenomenon that concerns all readings, senses as well facets.
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| 10. |
- Stamenković, Dušan, Associate Professor, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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An individual-differences approach to poetic metaphor : Impact of aptness and familiarity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Metaphor and Symbol. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1092-6488 .- 1532-7868. ; 38:2, s. 149-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using poetic metaphors in the Serbian language, we identified systematic variations in the impact of fluid and crystalized intelligence on comprehension of metaphors that varied in rated aptness and familiarity. Overall, comprehension scores were higher for metaphors that were high rather than low in aptness, and high rather than low in familiarity. A measure of crystalized intelligence was a robust predictor of comprehension across the full range of metaphors, but especially for those that were either relatively unfamiliar or more apt. In contrast, individual differences associated with fluid intelligence were clearly found only for metaphors that were low in aptness. Superior verbal knowledge appears to be particularly important when trying to find meaning in novel metaphorical expressions, and also when exploring the rich interpretive potential of apt metaphors. The broad role of crystalized intelligence in metaphor comprehension is consistent with the view that metaphors are largely understood using semantic integration processes continuous with those that operate in understanding literal language.
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