| 1. |
- Alexeyev, O. A., et al.
(författare)
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Sampling and detection of skin Propionibacterium acnes : Current status
- 2012
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 18:5, s. 479-483
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A connection between acne vulgaris and Propionibacterium acnes has long been suggested. Over the years, several human skin microbiota sampling methods have been evolved and applied, e.g. swab, scrape, extraction techniques including cyanoacrylate gel sampling as well as punch biopsy. Collected samples have been processed following various methodologies ranging from culture studies to probe labelling and molecular analysis. Direct visualization techniques have recently shown the existence of anatomically distinct skin P acnes populations: epidermal and follicular. P. acnes biofilms appear to be a common phenomenon. Current sampling approaches target different skin populations of P. acnes and the presence of microbial biofilms can influence the retrieval of P. acnes. The anatomical considerations must be taken into account while interpreting microbiological data. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ambalam, Padma, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro Mutagen binding and antimutagenic activity of human Lactobacillus rhamnosus 231
- 2011
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 17:5, s. 217-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vitro mutagen binding ability of human Lactobacillus rhamnosus 231 (Lr 231) was evaluated against acridine orange (AO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 2-amino-3, 8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD). Binding of AO by Lr 231 is due to adsorption, thereby leading to removal of mutagen in solution and is instantaneous, pH- and concentration-dependent. Whereas, binding of MNNG and MeIQx by Lr 231 results into biotransformation leading to detoxification with subsequent loss of mutagenicity as determined by spectral analysis, thin layer chromatography and Ames test. Binding of mutagen by Lr 231 was dependent on culture age and optimum binding of AO, MNNG and MeIQx was observed to occur with 24 h old culture. Cells of Lr 231 were subjected to different chemical treatments prior to binding studies. Results indicated cell wall component such as cell wall polysaccharide, peptidoglycan, carbohydrates and proteins plays an important role in adsorption of AO, also involving hydrophilic and ionic interactions. Binding, biotransformation and detoxification of MNNG and MeIQx by Lr 231 was dependent on cell surface characteristics mainly involving carbohydrates, proteins, teichoic acid/lipoteichoic acid, hydrophobic interaction and presence of thiol group. L rhamnosus 231 bound MNNG instantaneously. More than 96 (p < 0.01) and 70% (p < 0.05) cells remained viable after mutagen binding and various pretreatments respectively. This study shows Lr 231 exhibits ability to bind and detoxify potent mutagens, and this property can be useful in formulating fermented foods for removal of potent mutagens. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Basic, Amina, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen sulfide production from subgingival plaque samples.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 35:Part A, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontitis is a polymicrobial anaerobe infection. Little is known about the dysbiotic microbiota and the role of bacterial metabolites in the disease process. It is suggested that the production of certain waste products in the proteolytic metabolism may work as markers for disease severity. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas produced by degradation of proteins in the subgingival pocket. It is highly toxic and believed to have pro-inflammatory properties. We aimed to study H2S production from subgingival plaque samples in relation to disease severity in subjects with natural development of the disease, using a colorimetric method based on bismuth precipitation. In remote areas of northern Thailand, adults with poor oral hygiene habits and a natural development of periodontal disease were examined for their oral health status. H2S production was measured with the bismuth method and subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for the presence of 20 bacterial species with the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. In total, 43 subjects were examined (age 40-60 years, mean PI 95±6.6%). Fifty-six percent had moderate periodontal breakdown (CAL>3<7mm) and 35% had severe periodontal breakdown (CAL>7mm) on at least one site. Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were frequently detected. H2S production could not be correlated to periodontal disease severity (PPD or CAL at sampled sites) or to a specific bacterial composition. Site 21 had statistically lower production of H2S (p=0.02) compared to 16 and 46. Betel nut chewers had statistically significant lower H2S production (p=0.01) than non-chewers. Rapid detection and estimation of subgingival H2S production capacity was easily and reliably tested by the colorimetric bismuth sulfide precipitation method. H2S may be a valuable clinical marker for degradation of proteins in the subgingival pocket.
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| 4. |
- Bronnec, Vicky, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo model of Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) spp. biofilm in Drosophila melanogaster
- 2021
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Academic Press. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit and Propionibacterium acnes biofilm-forming ability is believed to be a contributing factor to the disease development. In vivo models mimicking hair follicle environment are lacking. The aim of this study was to develop an in vivo Propionibacterium spp. biofilm model in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly).Methods: We created a sterile line of D. melanogaster able to sustain Propionibacterium spp. biofilms in the gut. In order to mimic the lipid-rich, anaerobic environment of the hair follicle, fruit flies were maintained on lipid-rich diet. Propionibacterium spp. biofilms were visualized by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. We further tested if the biofilm-dispersal activity of DNase I can be demonstrated in the developed model.Results: We have demonstrated the feasibility of our in vivo model for development and study of P. acnes, P. granulosum and P. avidum biofilms. The model is suitable to evaluate dispersal as well as other agents against P. acnes biofilm.Conclusions: We report a novel in vivo model for studying Propionibacterium spp. biofilms. The model can be suitable for both mechanistic as well as interventional studies.
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| 5. |
- Claesson, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Actinomyces radicidentis and Actinomyces haliotis, coccoid Actinomyces species isolated from the human oral cavity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 48, s. 19-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are few reports on the bacterial species Actinomyces radicidentis in the literature. In this study, putative A. radicidentis isolates were collected from 16 root canal samples from 601 examined patients. The isolates were examined by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Arbitrarily-primed (AP-) PCR, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and MALDI-TOF analyses. In parallel, two A. radicidentis reference strains and two putative A. radicidentis isolates from United Kingdom were tested. Sixteen of the 18 isolates were confirmed as A. radicidentis. The remaining two isolates, both of which were isolated from root canals (one from Sweden and the other from the UK), but were identified as Actinomyces haliotis by sequencing ∼ 1300 base pairs of the 16S rRNA-gene. This isolates had a divergent, but between them similar, AP-PCR pattern, and a common distribution of sequence signatures in the 16S rRNA gene, but were not identified by MALDI-TOF. A. haliotis is a close relative to A. radicidentis, hitherto only been described from a sea-snail. The identity of A. haliotis was confirmed by a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences with species specific sequences included, and by additional biochemical tests. The examined bacteria exhibited similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns when tested for 10 separate antibiotic classes with E-tests (bioMérieux). The MIC90 for β-lactams (benzylpenicillin and cefuroxime) and vancomycin was 0.5 mg/L, for colistin and ciprofloxacin 8 mg/mL and for the other antibiotic classes ≤ 25 mg/mL The isolation of A. haliotis from infected dental root canals cast doubt on the accepted opinion that all Actinomyces infections have an endogenous source.
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| 6. |
- Dahlén, Gunnar, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Low antibiotic resistance among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria in periodontitis 5 years following metronidazole therapy.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 43, s. 94-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to assess antibiotic susceptibility among predominant Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria isolated from periodontitis patients who 5 years prior had been subject to mechanical therapy with or without adjunctive metronidazole. One pooled sample was taken from the 5 deepest sites of each of 161 patients that completed the 5 year follow-up after therapy. The samples were analyzed by culture. A total number of 85 anaerobic strains were isolated from the predominant subgingival flora of 65/161 patient samples, identified, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by MIC determination. E-tests against metronidazole, penicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and clindamycin were employed. The 73/85 strains were Gram-negative rods (21 Porphyromonas spp., 22 Prevotella/Bacteroides spp., 23 Fusobacterium/Filifactor spp., 3 Campylobacter spp. and 4 Tannerella forsythia). These were all isolated from the treated patients irrespective of therapy procedures (+/-metronidazole) 5 years prior. Three strains (Bifidobacterium spp., Propionibacterium propionicum, Parvimonas micra) showed MIC values for metronidazole over the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing break point of >4μg/mL. All Porphyromonas and Tannerella strains were highly susceptible. Metronidazole resistant Gram-negative strains were not found, while a few showed resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics. In this population of 161 patients who had been subject to mechanical periodontal therapy with or without adjunct metronidazole 5 years prior, no cultivable antibiotic resistant anaerobes were found in the predominant subgingival microbiota.
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| 7. |
- Dahlén, Gunnar, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Oral microflora in betel-chewing adults of the Karen tribe in Thailand.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 16:4, s. 331-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study a possible influence of betel chewing on the composition of the oral microflora in plaque and saliva and on oral health parameters as well as a possible betel effect on oral bacteria in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two adults (16 betel chewers and 16 non-betel-chewing controls) of the Karen Hill tribe in Thailand were investigated. Saliva samples and 2 pooled supragingival plaque samples were taken from each individual for microbial analysis with culture and 4 subgingival samples for analysis with the DNA-DNA hybridization method against 12 periodontitis associated bacterial species. Caries (DMFS), plaque (PlI%) and bleeding on probing (% BoP) was registered as well as number of sites with >5mm probing pocket depth (PPD). Water extract of the betel (areca chatechu) nut was tested for its antimicrobial effect in vitro against 10 oral bacterial species with the agar diffusion method. RESULTS: An antimicrobial effect of betel nut water extract was found on the oral microorganisms in vitro. The levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva were low or absent in both chewers and controls. The prevalence of the periodontitis associated bacteria was >90%. Betel chewers had significantly lower levels of some bacteria in subgingival plaque (Prevotella intermedia p<0.001) than non-chewers. This study population was low in missing teeth (mean 0.7 and 0.3), caries decay (DS 2.1 vs 1.6), and number of deep pockets (mean 1.9 vs 1.3). Great variation in oral hygiene (PlI and BoP) between the subjects was seen. CONCLUSIONS: An antimicrobial effect of the betel nut was found in vitro and with a possible effect also in vivo; however it did not seem to influence clinical parameters such as plaque index, caries prevalence (DMFS), bleeding on probing and number of deep pockets.
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| 8. |
- D'Aimmo, Maria Rosaria, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Biosynthesis and cellular content of folate in bifidobacteria across host species with different diets
- 2014
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 30, s. 169-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bifidobacteria, one of the most common bacteria of the intestinal tract, help establish balance in the gut microbiota and confer health benefits to the host. One beneficial property is folate biosynthesis, which is dependent on species and strains. It is unclear whether the diversity in folate biosynthesis is due to the adaptation of the bifidobacteria to the host diet or whether it is related to the phylogeny of the animal host. To date, folate production has been studied in the bifidobacteria of omnivorous, and a few herbivorous, non-primate hosts and humans, but not in carnivores, non-human primates and insects. In our study we screened folate content and composition in bifidobacteria isolated from carnivores (dog and cheetah), Hominoidea omnivorous non-human primates (chimpanzee and orangutan) and nectarivorous insects (honey bee). Results: Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum, a species typically found in non-primates, was isolated from dog and cheetah, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium dentium, species typically found in humans, were respectively obtained from orangutan and chimpanzee. Evidence of folate biosynthesis was found in bifidobacteria isolated from non-human primates, but not from the bifidobacteria of carnivores and honey-bee. On comparing species from different hosts, such as poultry and herbivorous/omnivorous non-primates, it would appear that folate production is characteristic of primate (human and non-human) bifidobacteria but not of non-primate. Isolates from orangutan and chimpanzee had a high total folate content, the mean values being 7792 mu g/100 g dry matter (DM) for chimpanzee and 8368 mu g/100 g DM for orangutan. The tetrahydrofolate (H(4)folate) and 5-niethyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-H(4)folate) distribution varied in the bifidobacteria of the different animal species, but remained similar in the strains of the same species: B. dentium CHZ9 contained the least 5-CH3-H(4)folate (3749 mu/100 g DM), while B. adolescentis ORG10 contained the most (8210 mu g/100 g DM). Conclusion: Our data suggest a correlation between phylogenetic lineage and capacity of folate production by bifidobacteria, rather than with dietary type of the host.
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| 9. |
- Davidsson, Sabina, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Multilocus sequence typing and repetitive-sequence-based PCR (DiversiLab) for molecular epidemiological characterization of Propionibacterium acnes isolates of heterogeneous origin
- 2012
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 18:4, s. 392-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacillus predominantly found on the skin. Although it is considered an opportunistic pathogen it is also been associated with severe infections. Some specific P. acnes subtypes are hypothesized to be more prone to cause infection than others. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the ability to discriminate between P. acnes isolates of a refined multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method and a genotyping method, DiversiLab, based on repetitive-sequence-PCR technology.The MLST and DiversiLab analysis were performed on 29 P. acnes isolates of diverse origins; orthopedic implant infections, deep infections following cardiothoracic surgery, skin, and isolates from perioperative tissue samples from prostate cancer. Subtyping was based on recA, tly, and Tc12S sequences.The MLST analysis identified 23 sequence types and displayed a superior ability to discriminate P. acnes isolates compared to DiversiLab and the subtyping. The highest discriminatory index was found when using seven genes. DiversiLab was better able to differentiate the isolates compared to the MLST clonal complexes of sequence types.Our results suggest that DiversiLab can be useful as a rapid typing tool for initial discrimination of P. acnes isolates. When better discrimination is required, such as for investigations of the heterogeneity of P. acnes isolates and its involvement in different pathogenic processes, the present MLST protocol is valuable.
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| 10. |
- Fang, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of cefoxitin on the growth and morphology of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strains with different cefoxitin susceptibility
- 2002
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 8:2, s. 55-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the effects of cefoxitin on bacterial growth and cell morphology, two pairs of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strains (238, 238 m and 1186, 1186 m) with different susceptibilities to this antibiotic were investigated in the present study. B. thetaiotaomicron 238m and 1186m were resistant laboratory mutants originating from the susceptible wild-type strains B. thetaiotaomicron 238 and 1186, respectively. It has been shown, in a previous study, that the mutant strains had alterations in their penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) as compared to the parent strains. In the present study, strains 238 and 238m presented almost identical genomic fingerprints by PCR, so did strains 1186 and 1186m, which indicates that the parent and mutant strains have similar genomic background. In comparison with the parent strains, the growth rate of mutant strains was slower in cultures without antibiotic. The growth patterns challenged with cefoxitin were also different between the parent and the mutant strains. In case of the morphological responses to cefoxitin, the mutant strains were more resistant to the effect of cefoxitin than the parent strains. In conclusion, the growth patterns and the morphological changes induced by cefoxitin, of the investigated strains, were associated with the properties of PBPs. The resistant mutants with deficiency in PBPs grew slower than the susceptible parent strains, and cefoxitin caused filamentation at sub-MIC in B. thetaiotaomicron.
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