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- Azman, Josip, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound-Guided Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block A Cadaver and a Volunteer Sonoanatomy Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1098-7339 .- 1532-8651. ; 42:2, s. 252-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Glossopharyngeal nerve (GPN) blocks are usually performed by topical, intraoral, or peristyloid approaches, which carry significant complication risks due to the proximity of important neurovascular structures. This study presents a proof of concept for a new ultrasound (US)-guided technique, which would block the GPN distally, in the parapharyngeal space, away from the immediate vicinity of high-risk collateral structures. Methods: Five cadaver heads were dissected, and the location of theGPN was explored bilaterally. In 40 healthy volunteers (20 men and 20 women; median age, 35.5 years [range, 24-69 years]) parapharyngeal sonograms were obtained, saved, and analyzed. To assess the technical feasibility of a distal GPN block in the parapharyngeal space, unilateral US-guided dye injections were performed in 3 fresh cadavers, followed by dissections. Results: The GPN was consistently identified between the stylopharyngeal and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles in all cadaver specimens. The median distance between the GPN and the ipsilateral greater horn of the hyoid bone was 2.4 cm (range, 2.3-2.7 cm) on the right and 2.6 cm (range, 2.3-2.9 cm) on the left. The mean skin-to pharyngealwall distances in the volunteers were 2.03 (SD, 0.41) cm on the right and 2.02 (SD, 0.45) cm on the left. The mean hyoid bone-to-pharyngeal wall distances were 2.04 (SD, 0.35) cm (right) and 2.07 (SD, 0.35) cm (left). The fresh cadaver dissections demonstrated dye deposition adjacent to theGPNin the parapharyngeal space in all specimens. Conclusions: Based on our anatomical results in cadavers and healthy volunteers, we submit that successful and safe blockade of the distal GPN at the pharyngealwall level is technically feasible under US guidance.
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- Bachman, Sarah A., et al.
(författare)
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Avoid suboptimal perioperative analgesia during major surgery by enhancing thoracic epidural catheter placement and hemodynamic performance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1098-7339 .- 1532-8651. ; 46:6, s. 532-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is an established gold standard for postoperative pain control especially following laparotomy and thoracotomy. The safety and efficacy of TEA is well known when the attention to patient selection is upheld. Recently, the use of fascial plane blocks (FPBs) has evolved as an alternative to TEA most likely because these blocks avoid problems such as neurological comorbidity, coagulation disorders, epidural catheter failure and hypotension due to sympathetic denervation. However, if an FPB is performed, postoperative monitoring and adjuvant treatments are still necessary. Also, the true efficacy of FPBs is questioned. Thus, should we prioritize less efficient analgesic regimens with FPBs when preventive treatment strategies for epidural catheter failure and hypotension exist for TEA? It is time to promote and underscore the benefits of TEA provided to patients undergoing major open surgical procedures. In our mind, FPBs and landmark-guided techniques should be limited to less extensive surgery and when either neuraxial blockade is contraindicated or resources for optimal epidural catheter placement and maintenance are not available.
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- Dyhre, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Local anesthetics in lipid-depot formulations--neurotoxicity in relation to duration of effect in a rat model
- 2006
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Ingår i: Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. - : BMJ. - 1098-7339 .- 1532-8651. ; 31:5, s. 401-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible local neurotoxicity of a number of lipid-depot formulations of local anesthetics in relation to their duration of action in sciatic-nerve block. METHODS: Formulations that contain 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%, or 64% of a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine base 4:1 in medium-chain triglyceride were prepared and evaluated, together with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% bupivacaine HCl solutions, bupivacaine 4.2% or 7.0% in medium-chain triglyceride, and 20% lidocaine base in a polar lipid vehicle. The duration of sensory and motor sciatic-nerve block was determined in rats. A week later, the sciatic nerves were dissected and removed for histopathologic examination by light microscopy. RESULTS: The duration of sensory and motor-nerve block was prolonged almost 4 times with the 32% and 13 times with the 64% bupivacaine:lidocaine formulation, in comparison to the 0.5% aqueous solution. The 64% formulation was applied by injection and also placed directly on the nerve with similar results. Slight to moderate signs of neurotoxicity were only found after administration of the 64% formulation. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that depot formulations of local anesthetics with advantageous pharmaceutical and pharmacologic properties can be prepared by use of bupivacaine as the active component and natural lipids as carriers. A favorable balance between effects and toxicity may conceivably be obtained. After supplemental testing in more sensitive models for toxicity, such formulations could be candidates for clinical trials.
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- Lonnqvist, PA, et al.
(författare)
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Accumulating marginal gains
- 2021
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Ingår i: Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. - : BMJ. - 1532-8651 .- 1098-7339. ; 46:5, s. 459-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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