| 1. |
- Löthgren, Mickael, et al.
(författare)
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Definition, interpretation and calculation of cost-effectiveness acceptability curves
- 2000
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 9:7, s. 623-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the definition, interpretation and computation of cost-effectiveness (CE) acceptability curves. A formal definition of the CE acceptability curve based on the net benefit approach is provided. The curve can be computed using parametric or non-parametric techniques and for both computational approaches we establish a formal relation between the CE acceptability curve and statistical inference based on confidence intervals and P values in CE analysis. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of patient and social tariff values derived from the time trade-off method
- 1999
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 8:6, s. 541-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A social tariff of EuroQol time trade-off (TTO) values was recently presented. We compared the social tariff and patient TTO values among 104 women with mild and severe menopausal symptoms. The social tariff and patient TTO values were elicited both after and before hormone replacement therapy (HRT). There was a close correspondence between social-tariff values and patient TTO values for relatively good health states, whereas the social tariff TTO values were lower than the patient TTO values for severe health states.
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| 3. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome Measurement in Economic Evaluation
- 1996
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 5:4, s. 279-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic evaluations involve a comparison of costs and outcomes from alternative uses of resources to improve health. Although economists are seen as experts on costing by health professionals, the key issue in an economic evaluation is the choice of outcome measure. There may be instances when outcome measurement is not necessary, for example when the alternatives compared have exactly the same outcome. In this case it is enough to compare the costs. It may also sometimes be helpful to undertake a cost consequence analysis where the different consequences are just listed together with the relevant costs. However, in that case we have a multidimensional description of the outcome, which can be difficult to interpret. For example, when the different dimensions move in different directions, it is not evident how to determine which treatment results in the best health outcome. To facilitate comparison, there is a need for a unidimensional outcome measure. Dependent on the type of comparison that is wanted, distinction between cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost-benefit analysis is often made. We follow this distinction in our report. A cost-effectiveness analysis gives the most narrow options for comparison. It may only facilitate comparison between different ways to treat a specific disease. Cost-utility analysis has been developed to facilitate comparisons between different medical specialities. Cost-benefit analysis offers a direct comparison between costs and outcomes, since both are expressed in monetary terms. In cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis comparisons are made in terms of ratios between costs and outcome.
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| 4. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The discounting of lives saved in future generations - Some empirical results
- 1996
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : Wiley. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 5:4, s. 329-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this note is to estimate the discount rates that individuals in the present generation in Sweden use to discount lives saved in future generations at different points in time. A binary survey question, where individuals choose between saving lives in their own generation versus saving lives in future generations, was administered in a general population sample of 850 individuals. Three time horizons of 20, 50 and 100 years were used in three different subsamples. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the discount rate. The estimated annual discount rate is 25% for the 20 year time horizon, 12% for the 50 year time horizon and 8% for the 100 year time horizon.
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| 5. |
- Kartman, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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Contingent valuation with an open-ended follow-up question: a test of scope effects
- 1997
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 6:6, s. 637-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that an open-ended follow-up question should be added to the binary contingent valuation question. Before this is generally recommended, it is important to evaluate the properties of such follow-up questions. Using a split sample approach, we test whether the open-ended follow-up is sensitive to the scope of the commodity being valued. No significant scope effects were detected. It is concluded that the results obtained do not support the use of an open-ended follow-up in contingent valuation applications.
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| 6. |
- Kartman, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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Valuation of health changes with the contingent valuation method: A test of scope and question order effects
- 1996
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 5:6, s. 531-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the contingent valuation method for measurement of monetary values of various commodities. However, the validity and reliability of the method need to be examined thoroughly. This paper reports results of a test of scope and question order effects in a contingent valuation experiment in the health care field. Using three binary valuation questions, data were collected on willingness to pay for superior treatment of reflux oesophagitis. To test for scope effects, different probabilities of successful short- and long-term treatments were evaluated using a split sample approach. The presence of question order effects was tested by assigning respondents to different question orders. The contingent valuation method proved sensitive to changes in scope in that the willingness to pay increased with the probability of being free from symptoms and with a reduced risk of having a relapse once recovered. Also, regression analyses indicate that people who suffer from severe reflux oesophagitis are more willing to pay for more effective treatment. No question order effects were detected in the data.
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| 7. |
- Meltzer, David, et al.
(författare)
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Some reflections on cost-effectiveness analysis
- 1998
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 7:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cost-effectiveness analysis has become the dominant method for economic evaluations of healthcare. Two papers estimating the cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in Denmark [1] and the UK [2] appear in this issue of Health Economics. In this editorial we discuss two methodological issues in relation to these studies. We first discuss what costs should be included in cost-effectiveness analysis. This is followed by a section about the decision rule of cost-effectiveness analysis. The editorial ends with some concluding remarks.
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| 8. |
- Bech, Mickael, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of economic incentives and regulatory factors on the adoption of treatment technologies: A case study of technologies used to treat heart attacks
- 2009
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Ingår i: Health Economics. - : Wiley. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 18:10, s. 1114-1132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Technological Change in Health Care Research Network collected unique patient-level data on three procedures for treatment of heart attack patients (catheterization, coronary artery bypass grafts and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) for 17 countries over a 15-year period to examine the impact of economic and institutional factors on technology adoption. Specific institutional factors are shown to be important to the uptake of these technologies. Health-care systems characterized as public contract systems and reimbursement systems have higher adoption rates than public-integrated health-care systems. Central control of funding of investments is negatively associated with adoption rates and the impact is of the same magnitude as the overall health-care system classification. GDP per capita also has a strong role in initial adoption. The impact of income and institutional characteristics on the utilization rates of the three procedures diminishes over time. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley, & Sons, Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Björkman Nyqvist, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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HIV, risk, and time preferences : Evidence from a general population sample in Lesotho
- 2022
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Ingår i: Health Economics. - : Wiley. - 1057-9230 .- 1099-1050. ; 31:5, s. 904-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying individuals most at risk of HIV infection is a priority for policymakers. Apart from specific groups, however, little is known about how to identify those at high risk in the population. Research suggests that attitudes toward risk and time preferences may influence risky sexual behavior, but no studies have so far investigated the interplay between risk attitudes, time preference, and HIV infection. We collect data on risk and time preferences using hypothetical games (multiple price list method) at baseline and data on HIV status at baseline (2010) and endline (2012) allowing us to calculate incidence rate over a 2-year period among 675 participants, males and females 18–32 years old in Lesotho. We find robust evidence of a statistically significant positive associations between HIV incidence and prevalence and risk-loving attitudes, while the associations with risky behaviors and time preferences are not statistically significant. A measure of attitude toward risk, relatively easy to administer to individuals in a survey, is thus associated with future HIV status. This is an important finding for policymakers and suggests the importance of targeting HIV prevention programs to risk-loving individuals and therefore improving program efficiency.
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| 10. |
- Bolin, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Informal and formal care among single-living elderly in Europe.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Health Economics. - : Wiley. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 17:3, s. 393-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to analyse (1) whether informal care, provided by children or grandchildren to their elderly parents, and formal care are substitutes or complements, and (2) whether this relationship differs across Europe. The analyses Were based on cross-sectional data from the newly developed SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe) database. We found (1) that informal and formal home care are substitutes, while informal care is a complement to doctor and hospital visits, and (2) that these relationships in some cases differ according to a European north-south gradient. Instrumental variable methods were used and the results highlight the importance of accounting for the endogeneity of informal care.
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