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| 2. |
- El-Gamal, Rehab, et al.
(författare)
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FTIR analysis for the evaluation of some triazole fungicides for the treatment of wooden artifacts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry. - : University of Agean. - 1108-9628 .- 2241-8121. ; 18:2, s. 141-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Growth of fungi on wooden artifacts is accompanied as a rule by various physic-chemical processes making wood rigid, brittle and deformed. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate some fungicides for the preservation of wooden artifacts in order to eliminate any deformation caused by microorganisms. This study represents an attempt to use some triazole fungicides with different concentrations (propiconazole and tebuconazole) in order to assess the chemical stability of wood damaged by fungi. Fungal ageing over different periods of time was applied by using three species of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum), which were collected from different historical buildings in Egypt (such as The Mosque of Sabiile and Koutab Suleiman Agha Selehdar dated back to 1837-1839 AD, The Mosque of El Mouayed Sheikh Al-Mahmoudi dated back to 1415 to 1421 AD etc.), and were identified in previous work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the fungicides used. The results revealed that it is unfavorable to use propiconazole in the treatment of wood infested by Aspergillus flavus. However, tebuconazole can be used safely to treat wood infested by this fungus. The results also proved that increasing propiconazole and tebuconazole concentrations was needed to achieve acceptable protection against Aspergillus niger. In case of Penicillium chrysogenum, it is noticed from the results that the increased in propiconazole and tebuconazole concentrations is not recommended for treatment and a low concentration (0.25 %) is sufficient to inhibit the fungal effect.
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| 3. |
- Henriksson, Göran
(författare)
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Aristotle, King David, King Zhou and Pharao Thutmosis III have seen comet Encke
- 2020
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Ingår i: MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY & ARCHAEOMETRY. - : UNIV AGEAN, DEPT MEDITERRANEAN STUD. - 1108-9628 .- 2241-8121. ; 20:1, s. 29-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aristotle saw a great winter comet with a tail reaching up to Orion. It was Comet Encke on 31 December in 372 BC. When it became visible in the morning, after 9 January 371 BC, Ephoros saw its nucleus split up in two parts. The sword of the Angel of the Lord seen above Jerusalem, as punishment for the sins by King David, was Comet Encke in 964 BC. The sword was redrawn at Ornan.s threshing floor on 8 June 964 BC. David bought this place and built an altar that later became the Altar of Salomon.s Temple in Jerusalem. A second century BC text contains a unique record of a bright comet observed at the end of the Shang Dynasty:.When King Wu [of Zhou] attacked King Zhou [of Shang], a comet appeared and tendered its handle to Yin.. This was Comet Encke on 22 June 1060 BC and 17 days later, on 9 July in 1060 BC, Encke was depicted on a rock carving in Sweden. A stele at the temple of Amon at Gebel Barkal in Nubia, mentions first the important victories at Megiddo, in year 33, and Mittani, in year 23 of the reign of Pharaoh Thutmosis III. However, the text also mentions an important celestial phenomenon during his 47th year of reign. The description fits very well with the bright appearance of Comet Encke at the end of January in 1460 BC. This supports the High Chronology for Egypt with 1506 BC as the first year of reign of Thutmosis III, the sixth Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty in Egypt.
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| 4. |
- Abu-Baker, A. N., et al.
(författare)
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ANALYSIS AND CONSERVATION OF AN IRON AGE DAGGER FROM TALL ABU AL-KHARAZ, JORDAN VALLEY: A CASE STUDY
- 2014
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry. - 1108-9628. ; 14:2, s. 351-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to report from the analyses of a corroded iron dagger from the Iron Age city at Tall Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley, and to present the conservation procedures. Preliminary condition assessment was carried out by visual examination and stereomicroscope. X-ray radiography was used to reveal surface details under the external deposits and corrosion layers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to identify the mineralogical composition of the corrosion products. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) was used to examine a cross-section taken from the dagger to determine its corrosion profile and internal metallographic microstructure. The dagger's radiograph showed that the edges and tip of the dagger were its weakest and most corroded parts. XRD results showed that goethite (alpha-FeOOH), lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were the main corrosion products. PLM examination showed that the dagger had greatly converted into magnetite. It also showed signs of hammering, carburization and heat treatment during the manufacturing process of the artifact. The dagger was treated by immersion in an alkaline solution to extract any chloride ions present in the artifact. It was then treated with tannic acid to produce a coherent film of black ferric tannate. Finally, it was coated with Paraloid B72 to consolidate it and protect it from atmospheric humidity and corrosive ions in the environmentally uncontrolled storage area.
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| 5. |
- Henriksson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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THE EVIDENCE FROM KNOSSOS ON THE MINOAN CALENDAR
- 2011
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Ingår i: MEDITERR ARCHAEOL ARCHAEOM. - 1108-9628. ; 11:1, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the early results of our archaeoastronomical investigations at the peak sanctuaries on Petsophas and Mt Juktas, we inferred that the Minoans had a lunisolar calendar that began at a particular phase of the moon on or following the autumn equinox. We used classical archaeoastronomical methods: a digital theodolite with observations of the sun to determine the orientations of the coordinate system, measuring the orientations of foundations to celestial bodies, and determining the positions of celestial bodies at the appropriate times in the past using our own programs. In our later investigation of the palace at Knossos, we found further evidence including the impressive use of a reflection in the central palace sanctuary to determine the beginning of the Minoan year and for knowing when to intercalate a lunar (synodic) month in the lunisolar calendar. The reflection occurred at the precise moment of sunrise at the equinoxes and also during the eleven days before the spring equinox and after the autumn equinox. We also discovered that the non-integral length of the solar year would have been revealed by the unique shift of the reflection during a series of four years. Later results at three other Minoan sites underscored the probability that the Minoans had a solar calendar and twelve solar months.
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| 6. |
- Henriksson, Göran
(författare)
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The Trojan war dated by two solar eclipses
- 2012
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry. - 1108-9628. ; 12:1, s. 63-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Trojan War was very significant for the ancient Greeks and they dated historical events according to the number of years after the fall of Troy. However, there was already in antiquity no consensus as to the exact date of the war when compared with different epochs. Even after the modern discovery of the ancient city, there has been disagreement among different excavators as to which layer corresponds to the city mentioned in the Iliad attributed to Homer. In this paper an attempt is made to identify the strange obscuration of the sun that occurred during the final battle of the Iliad as a total solar eclipse close to the southern border of the zone of totality. There exists only one solar eclipse that corresponds to the description in the text and this is the total solar eclipse of June 11, in 1312 BC. When I first presented this date in 1986, there was a difference of about 60 years compared with the most common archaeological dating at that time. My date is now fully supported by the latest results from the German-American excavation that identifies the fall of Homer’s Troy with the destruction of the archaeological layer Troy VIh, dated to about 1300 BC. Further independent support is provided by another solar eclipse that dates the reign of the Hittite king Muwatalli II. This king wrote a letter to king Alaksandu in Wilusa, identified as the Hittite name for Ilios, the most frequently used name for Troy in the Iliad. Alexander was another name for Paris who abducted Helen, the crime that resulted in the war. Muwatalli II was king 1315-1297 BC, according to the chronology for the Hittite Kingdom based on a solar eclipse in 1335 BC, during the tenth year of King Mursili II (1345- 1315 BC), the father of Muwatalli II.
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| 7. |
- Ingvarsson-Sundström, Anne, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Stable Isotope Analysis of the Middle Helladic Population from two cemeteries at Asine : Barbouna and the East Cemetery
- 2009
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry. - Rhodes : The University of the Aegean. - 1108-9628. ; 9:2, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report the results of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of humans from two Middle Bronze Age cemeteries at Asine, Greece: Barbouna (n=6) and the East Cemetery (n=13). In general, the dietary pattern of adults and juveniles shows a heavy reliance on mainly terrestrial foods; C3 plants and a varying amount of animal protein (meat, milk or dairy products). The high nitrogen values of some individuals from the East cemetery indicate a substantial consumption of animal protein, although the carbon values show that no detectable amounts of marine foods, or C4 plants such as millet had been consumed. High nitrogen values as well as the high slaughter age of domestic animals, as found in previous studies point towards a significant utilization of milk and dairy products at Asine. A low increase of nitrogen values in subadults younger than one years of age from Barbouna compared to females at the East cemetery indicates that these children may have been fed breast milk as well as supplementary foods. Therefore, despite the poor preservation and uneven sample size, the Asine isotopic data give us information on diet during the MH period, as well as variation between the members of the community.
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| 8. |
- Macheridis, Stella
(författare)
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Centralization at Asine during the Bronze Age from a zooarchaeological perspective
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry. - 2241-8121. ; 17:2, s. 159-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From at least the Late Neolithic through the end of the Bronze Age and onwards, people continued to inhabit the settlement of Asine. For this reason, the site makes an interesting starting point for discussing long term change. This short paper presents new data on the animal bones from Bronze Age Asine. The data set is used for a zooarchaeological discussion of the site from a diachronic perspective in terms of centralization and regional change. This has not been attempted previously. Zooarchaeological patterns from urban or central sites in other parts of the world are compiled as a framework for this purpose. The focus is on patterns of relative taxonomic abundances, anatomical distribution, mortality curves and sex distributions of cattle, sheep/goat and pigs. These are examined specifically for the animal bone assemblage from Bronze Age Asine. Differences and/or similarities with the general trends indicative of centralization are discussed for the study site. The results show that the Early Helladic Asine should be seen as a smaller rural site. The even relative abundances of cattle, sheep, goat and pigs indicate that the animal management was not specialized but rather mixed, pointing the site was relatively independent in terms of animal management. The increase in sheep/goat during the Middle Helladic indicates an increasing dependency on animals yielding secondary products, symptomatic of regional and centralized organization. This supports the archaeological evidence of the site, indicating that it was an important village to its immediate valley during this period. This function persisted during the Late Bronze Age. From a zooarchaeological perspective, it is not likely that Asine was a regional center. Some degree of sustainable animal management was probably existent near or at the site. I propose that Asine should be seen as an intermediary key site in the communication system as well as for the exchange of animals.
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