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- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Be fearless : Positive affect as a mediator between venturesomeness and self-efficacy in future entrepreneurs and managers : Être intrépide : affect positif agissant comme médiateur entre l’audace et la connaissance de ses propres capacités chez les futurs entrepreneurs et managers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée / European Review of Applied Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1162-9088 .- 1878-3457. ; 68:4-5, s. 171-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and objectives. – Self-efficacy, personality and different affect states in entrepreneurs and managers are important factors for effectiveness and well-being. The aim of the study was to examine in young adults during entrepreneurship-related education, the relationships between venturesomeness and self-efficacy, and the mediating effects of positive affect and positive emotions (joviality, self-assurance, attentiveness) on these relationships.Method. – One hundred and fifty-three participants (mean age 22 years) completed questionnaires that assessed venturesomeness, general self-efficacy, positive affect (measured as a state), and positive emotions. Bootstrapping analyses with simple and multiple mediators were conducted, controlled for gender, to estimate the indirect effects of positive affect and positive emotions on venturesomeness and general self-efficacy.Results. – Venturesomeness was significantly correlated with self-efficacy. Positive affect (model 1), joviality and self-assurance, but not attentiveness (model 2), were complete mediators in the relationship between venturesomeness and self-efficacy.Conclusion. – The present study provides new evidence that heightened venturesomeness is related to higher levels of positive affect, self-assurance and joviality. Venturesomeness, therefore, may strengthen self-efficacy in young people during entrepreneurship-related education, and positive emotions may lead to an aware use of resources, including self-efficacy. These results may stimulate young people to be braveand to try new experiences.
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| 4. |
- Forward, Sonja
(författare)
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Exploring people's willingness to bike using a combination of the theory of planned behavioural and the transtheoretical model
- 2014
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Ingår i: Revue europeenne de psychologie appliquee. - : Elsevier BV. - 1162-9088 .- 1878-3457. ; 64:3, s. 151-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The amount of travel by car is increasing, leading to negative effects on our environment and on our own quality of life. In order to achieve a change in a more pro-environmental direction, it is important to understand the decision making process of travel behavior.Objective The aim of this study is to explore important factors determining people's willingness to bike using two well-established theories namely: the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the transtheoretical model of change (TTM). Studies have found that habits help to understand travel mode choice a further aim was therefore to determine the relationship between habit and TTM.Method This study included a sample of 414 people drawn from the general public who had to respond to a questionnaire based around a journey they most often made during one week.Results The results confirmed that the constructs, as measured by the TPB, only distinguished between precontemplation and contemplation and between preparation and action. The introduction of habit revealed that it was mainly people at the first and the last stage where the behaviour could be considered to be automatic. The results also showed that the relationship between the TPB and the TTM was mainly linear, but also quadratic. This study explored respondents' behavioural beliefs and based on these results, using factor analysis, three components were presented. In general people agreed that cycling was good for their health and the environment. What differentiated them were aspects related to the pros and cons of cycling, perceived consequences became more positive and less negative with advancing stages.Conclusion This study suggests that the combination of TPB and the TTM is useful when trying to understand modal choice. However, the study strongly argues that it is the multidimensional nature of the constructs, which is interesting rather than purely focusing on separate ones. It also suggests that even if short-term benefits are strongly related to the process of change, negative ones need to be addressed and taken seriously if we want people to persist with their new behaviour. Implications of the current findings for the description of people at the different stages are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Kaiser, F. G., et al.
(författare)
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Appreciation of nature and appreciation of environmental protection : How stable are these attitudes and which comes first?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Revue europeenne de psychologie appliquee. - : Elsevier BV. - 1162-9088 .- 1878-3457. ; 64:6, s. 269-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. - Attitude toward nature and attitude toward environmental protection are two separate but correlated attitudes. Little is known about the two attitudes' stability/volatility overtime, despite the practical value of such knowledge. Objectives & method. - Using longitudinal survey data from 251 adults in a cross-lagged structural equation model, we assessed the degree of spontaneous (i.e., unprompted) change in the two attitudes. We also considered whether such change could provide evidence regarding causal direction; causation could go in either of two directions between the two attitudes, or it could even be bi-directional. Results. - We corroborated the substantive connection between attitude toward nature and attitude toward environmental protection; however, the absence of change in the attitudes despite the passage of two years disallows reliable statements about causal direction. Conclusion. - It is possible to protect the environment by encouraging appreciation of nature, but change in attitude toward nature and attitude toward environmental protection may be difficult to achieve with mature individuals.
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| 6. |
- Olsson, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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A putative female pheromone affects mood in men differently depending on social context
- 2006
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Ingår i: Revue europeenne de psychologie appliquee. - : Elsevier BV. - 1162-9088 .- 1878-3457. ; 56:4, s. 279-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pheromones play a significant role in social interaction and communication in many vertebrates and invertebrates. Although a well-established phenomenon in the animal world, the existence of human pheromones is controversial. The most common observation supporting the notion of pheromones in humans is that exposure to putative pheromones can influence mood in participants. Recently, the concept of modulatory pheromones has been introduced, suggesting that effects of pheromone exposure in humans depend on the context. In the current experiment, we tested whether the mood of heterosexual men is affected by exposure of a putative female pheromone, estratetraenol. We also investigated if this influence would differ depending on whether a male or a female heterosexual experimenter was interacting with the participants. ANOVAs were performed on aggregated mood scales resulting from factor analysis. The results were that exposure to estratetraenol compared to a perceptually identical control substance enhanced positive mood. Moreover, negative mood was differently affected depending on whether a male or a female experimenter conducted the test. Altogether this study suggests that a putative female pheromone can modulate mood in men. Interestingly, the social context (male or female experimenter) seems to be of importance for how men react to exposure.
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- Åberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Speeding : deliberate violation or involuntary mistake?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Revue europeenne de psychologie appliquee. - : Elsevier BV. - 1162-9088 .- 1878-3457. ; 58:1, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power of two different theoretical frameworks, the theory of planned behaviour (expanded to include moral norm) and the driver behaviour questionnaire, to predict and explain drivers' speeding behaviour are compared and a combined model is suggested. One hundred and seventy-five test drivers, participating in a large-scale ISA-evaluation, answered a questionnaire in spring 2000. Based on the questionnaire data, logged speeding in autumn 2001 was predicted and LISREL-analysis was used for structural equation modelling. According to the results the two frameworks, alone or in combination, could explain between 38 and 53% of self-reported speeding and between 24 and 26% of logged speeding. A combination of the theory of planned behaviour and the driver behaviour questionnaire is presented and implications for the understanding of driver speed control are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Lakicevic, Nemanja, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid weight loss and mood states in judo athletes: A systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Review of Applied Psychology. - 1162-9088. ; 74
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Rapid weight loss (RWL) has been traditionally practiced in judo. While the effects of it on performance and health have been extensively studied, less attention is dedicated to psychological ramifications of RWL. We sought to investigate the effects of RWL on mood states in judo athletes. Method: PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched for the relevant literature. Only original studies investigating the magnitude of RWL in judo athletes while jointly using Profile of Mood States questionnaire were eligible. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Studies varied vastly in their design (time allocated to RWL and the degree of RWL), but the common trait in virtually all studies was a significant increase in tension and significant drop in vigor following RWL. It appears that when ≥ 5% RWL per week is prompted, mood states greatly exacerbate in judo athletes. Conclusion: Overall, data showed that mood states in judo athletes are aggravated after ≥ 5% RWL with no significant difference between males and females. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of weight cycling on the mental health of judo athletes and other athletes participating in weight-classified sports.
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| 9. |
- Sundblad, Eva-Lotta, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Intention to change activities that reduce carbon dioxide emissions related to worry about global climate change consequences : Inquiétude à propos du changement climatique et intention de changer ses habitudes de consommation génératrice de CO2
- 2014
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Ingår i: European review of applied psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1162-9088. ; 64:1, s. 13-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. – Mitigating the global climate change requires actions at different levels including that laypeople change their consumption patterns, which cause emissions of greenhouse gases. Recent researchsuggests that inducing affects such as fear and worry may have positive effects.Objective. – To investigate whether worry in addition to personalized information about emissions ofcarbon dioxide would influence lay people’s intentions to change consumption-related personal activitiescausing carbon-dioxide emissions.Method. – A municipality-provided tool to calculate their annual carbon dioxide emissions was used by135 university students who after being informed about negative consequences of global climate changestated their intentions to change a number of personal activities to reduce carbon dioxide emissionsduring the following 12 months. They also rated how worried they were about eight global climatechange consequences.Results. – Intentions to change travel, energy use at home, food consumption, involvement in environ-mental organizations, and support of environmental policies increased with worry. An interaction wasalso observed such that high-emitters’ intentions to invest in energy-efficient infrastructure increasedmore with worry than did low- and medium-emitters’ intentions.Conclusions. – In line with recent research positing that affect increases preventive actions, the hypothesiswas supported that intentions to change personal activities to reduce carbon dioxide emissions increasedwith participants’ worry about the consequences of global climate change.
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| 10. |
- Zücker Björne, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of early sensorimotor disorder on contextual learning in autism
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Review of Applied Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1162-9088. ; 56:4, s. 247-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive explanations of autism often involve higher order cognitive functions developing late in childhood, such as theory of mind, executive functions or central coherence. In home videos of infants later diagnosed with autism, children display early signs of developmental disorders, for example impaired sensorimotor functions, attention to social and non-social stimuli and a lack of circadian regulation. We propose that these early signs need to be understood using a framework of context learning. It is also important to understand the role for context understanding in guiding the maturation of behavior. The role for inhibition in context learning as understood within learning theory provides us with helpful tools for this analysis. Our research aim is not to identify and explain early markers for autism, but to understand the cognitive developmental pathway set into rolling by an early impairment. This will help us understand the seemingly unrelated symptoms that define the complex syndrome of autism.
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