| 1. |
- Athlin, Åsa, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Prediction of Mortality Using Different COPD Risk Assessments : A 12-Year Follow-Up
- 2021
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 16, s. 665-675
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: A multidimensional approach in the risk assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preferable. The aim of this study is to compare the prognostic ability for mortality by different COPD assessment systems; spirometric staging, classification by GOLD 2011, GOLD 2017, the age, dyspnea, obstruction (ADO) and the dyspnea, obstruction, smoking, exacerbation (DOSE) indices.Patients and Methods: A total of 490 patients diagnosed with COPD were recruited from primary and secondary care in central Sweden in 2005. The cohort was followed until 2017. Data for categorization using the different assessment systems were obtained through questionnaire data from 2005 and medical record reviews between 2000 and 2003. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess mortality risk. Receiver operating characteristic curves estimated areas under the curve (AUC) to evaluate each assessment systems´ ability to predict mortality.Results: By the end of follow-up, 49% of the patients were deceased. The mortality rate was higher for patients categorized as stage 3-4, GOLD D in both GOLD classifications and those with a DOSE score above 4 and ADO score above 8. The ADO index was most accurate for predicting mortality, AUC 0.79 (95% CI 0.75-0.83) for all-cause mortality and 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.85) for respiratory mortality. The AUC values for stages 1-4, GOLD 2011, GOLD 2017 and DOSE index were 0.73, 0.66, 0.63 and 0.69, respectively, for all-cause mortality.Conclusion: All of the risk assessment systems predict mortality. The ADO index was in this study the best predictor and could be a helpful tool in COPD risk assessment.
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| 2. |
- Giezeman, Maaike, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Comorbid Heart Disease in Patients with COPD is Associated with Increased Hospitalization and Mortality : A 15-Year Follow-Up
- 2023
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 18, s. 11-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the association of comorbid heart disease, defined as chronic heart failure or ischemic heart disease, on all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization and mortality in patients with COPD over a period of nearly 15 years.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort study included patients with COPD from primary and secondary care in 2005 with data from questionnaires and medical record reviews. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare provided hospitalization and mortality data from 2005 through 2019. Cox regression analyses, adjusted for sex, age, educational level, smoking status, BMI, exacerbations, dyspnea score and comorbid diabetes or hypertension, assessed the association of comorbid heart disease with all-cause and cause-specific time to first hospitalization and death. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for the same variables, assessed this association with hospitalization days per year for those patients that had been hospitalized.RESULTS: Of the 1071 patients, 262 (25%) had heart disease at baseline. Cox regression analysis showed a higher risk of hospitalization for patients with heart disease for all-cause (HR (95% CI) 1.55; 1.32-1.82), cardiovascular (2.14; 1.70-2.70) and other causes (1.27; 1.06-1.52). Patients with heart disease also had an increased risk of all-cause (1.77; 1.48-2.12), cardiovascular (3.40; 2.41-4.78) and other (1.50; 1.09-2.06) mortality. Heart disease was significantly associated with more hospitalization days per year of all-cause (regression coefficient 0.37; 95% CI 0.15-0.59), cardiovascular (0.57; 0.27-0.86) and other (0.37; 0.12-0.62) causes. No significant associations were found between heart disease and respiratory causes of hospitalization and death.CONCLUSION: Comorbid heart disease in patients with COPD is associated with an increased risk for all-cause hospitalization and mortality, mainly due to an increase of hospitalization and death of cardiovascular and other causes, but not because of respiratory disease. This finding advocates the need of a strong clinical focus on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with COPD.
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| 3. |
- Giezeman, Maaike, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Influence of comorbid heart disease on dyspnea and health status in patients with COPD - a cohort study
- 2018
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : DOVE Medical Press Ltd.. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 13, s. 3857-3865
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the changing influence over time of comorbid heart disease on symptoms and health status in patients with COPD.Patients and methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 495 COPD patients with a baseline in 2005 and follow-up in 2012. The study population was divided into three groups: patients without heart disease (no-HD), those diagnosed with heart disease during the study period (new-HD) and those with heart disease at baseline (HD). Symptoms were measured using the mMRC. Health status was measured using the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT; only available in 2012). Logistic regression with mMRC $2 and linear regression with CCQ and CAT scores in 2012 as dependent variables were performed unadjusted, adjusted for potential confounders, and additionally adjusted for baseline mMRC, respectively, CCQ scores.Results: Mean mMRC worsened from 2005 to 2012 as follows: for the no-HD group from 1.8 (+/- 1.3) to 2.0 (+/- 1.4), (P=0.003), for new-HD from 2.2 (+/- 1.3) to 2.4 (+/- 1.4), (P=0.16), and for HD from 2.2 (+/- 1.3) to 2.5 (+/- 1.4), (P=0.03). In logistic regression adjusted for potential confounding factors, HD (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.03-2.86) was associated with mMRC $ 2. Health status worsened from mean CCQ as follows: for no-HD from 1.9 (+/- 1.2) to 2.1 (+/- 1.3) with (P=0.01), for new-HD from 2.3 (+/- 1.5) to 2.6 (+/- 1.6) with (P=0.07), and for HD from 2.4 (+/- 1.1) to 2.5 (+/- 1.2) with (P=0.57). In linear regression adjusted for potential confounders, HD (regression coefficient 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04-5.91) and new-HD (0.15; 0.89-5.92) were associated with higher CAT scores. In CCQ functional state domain, new-HD (0.14; 0.18-1.16) and HD (0.12; 0.04-0.92) were associated with higher scores. After additional correction for baseline mMRC and CCQ, no statistically significant associations were found.Conclusion: Heart disease contributes to lower health status and higher symptom burden in COPD but does not accelerate the worsening over time.
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| 4. |
- Sundh, Josefin, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Daily duration of long-term oxygen therapy and risk of hospitalization in oxygen-dependent COPD patients
- 2018
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : DOVE Medical Press Ltd.. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) improves survival and may reduce hospital admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe hypoxemia, but the impact of daily duration of LTOT on hospitalization rate is unknown. We aimed to estimate the association between the daily duration of LTOT (24 vs 15 h/d) and hospital admissions in patients with LTOT due to COPD.Materials and methods: A population-based, cohort study included patients who started LTOT due to COPD between October 1, 2005 and June 30, 2009 in the Swedish national register for respiratory failure (Swedevox). Time to first hospitalization from all causes and from respiratory or nonrespiratory disease, using the National Patient Registry, was analyzed using Fine-Gray regression, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: A total of 2,249 patients with COPD (59% women) were included. LTOT 24 h/d was prescribed to 539 (24%) and LTOT 15-16 h/d to 1,231 (55%) patients. During a median follow-up of 1.1 years (interquartile range, 0.6-2.1 years), 1,702 (76%) patients were hospitalized. No patient was lost to follow-up. The adjusted rate of all-cause hospitalization was similar between LTOT 24 and 15 16 h/d (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.96; [95% CI] 0.84-1.08), as was cause-specific hospitalizations analyzed for respiratory disease (SHR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.86-1.17) and nonrespiratory disease (SHR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.75.-1.14).Conclusion: LTOT prescribed for 24 h/d was not associated with decreased hospitalization rates compared with LTOT for 15-16 h/d in patients with oxygen-dependent COPD. The results should be validated in a randomized controlled trial.
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| 5. |
- Johansson Strandkvist, Viktor, et al.
(author)
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Hand grip strength is associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second among subjects with COPD : report from a population-based cohort study
- 2016
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 11, s. 2527-2534
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Cardiovascular diseases and skeletal muscle dysfunction are common comorbidities in COPD. Hand grip strength (HGS) is related to general muscle strength and is associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, while the results from small selected COPD populations are contradictory. The aim of this population-based study was to compare HGS among the subjects with and without COPD, to evaluate HGS in relation to COPD severity, and to evaluate the impact of heart disease. Subjects and methods: Data were collected from the Obstructive Lung disease in Northern Sweden COPD study, where the subjects with and without COPD have been invited to annual examinations since 2005. In 2009-2010, 441 subjects with COPD (postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]/vital capacity,0.70) and 570 without COPD participated in structured interviews, spirometry, and measurements of HGS. Results: The mean HGS was similar when comparing subjects with and without COPD, but those with heart disease had lower HGS than those without. When compared by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades, the subjects with GOLD 3-4 had lower HGS than those without COPD in both sexes (females 21.4 kg vs 26.9 kg, P=0.010; males 41.5 kg vs 46.3 kg, P=0.038), and the difference persisted also when adjusted for confounders. Among the subjects with COPD, HGS was associated with FEV1% of predicted value but not heart disease when adjusted for height, age, sex, and smoking habits, and the pattern was similar among males and females. Conclusion: In this population-based study, the subjects with GOLD 3-4 had lower HGS than the subjects without COPD. Among those with COPD, HGS was associated with FEV1% of predicted value but not heart disease, and the pattern was similar in both sexes.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Ischemic ECG abnormalities are associated with an increased risk for death among subjects with COPD, also among those without known heart disease
- 2017
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 12, s. 2507-2514
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Cardiovascular comorbidity contributes to increased mortality among subjects with COPD. However, the prognostic value of ECG abnormalities in COPD has rarely been studied in population-based surveys.Aim: To assess the impact of ischemic ECG abnormalities (I-ECG) on mortality among individuals with COPD, compared to subjects with normal lung function (NLF), in a population-based study.Methods: During 2002–2004, all subjects with FEV1/VC <0.70 (COPD, n=993) were identified from population-based cohorts, together with age- and sex-matched referents without COPD. Re-examination in 2005 included interview, spirometry, and 12-lead ECG in COPD (n=635) and referents [n=991, whereof 786 had NLF]. All ECGs were Minnesota-coded. Mortality data were collected until December 31, 2010.Results: I-ECG was equally common in COPD and NLF. The 5-year cumulative mortality was higher among subjects with I-ECG in both groups (29.6% vs 10.6%, P<0.001 and 17.1% vs 6.6%, P<0.001). COPD, but not NLF, with I-ECG had increased risk for death assessed as the mortality risk ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] when compared with NLF without I-ECG, 2.36 (1.45–3.85) and 1.65 (0.94–2.90) when adjusted for common confounders. When analyzed separately among the COPD cohort, the increased risk for death associated with I-ECG persisted after adjustment for FEV1% predicted, 1.89 (1.20–2.99). A majority of those with I-ECG had no previously reported heart disease (74.2% in NLF and 67.3% in COPD) and the pattern was similar among them.Conclusion: I-ECG was associated with an increased risk for death in COPD, independent of common confounders and disease severity. I-ECG was of prognostic value also among those without previously known heart disease.
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| 7. |
- Adhikari, Tara Ballav, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Associated Factors in Nepal : Findings from a Community-based Household Survey
- 2020
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 15, s. 2319-2331
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Despite chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being the commonest non-communicable disease in Nepal, there is limited research evidence estimating the spirometry-based burden of COPD. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of COPD and its correlates through a community-based survey in Pokhara Metropolitan City, a semiurban area of Western Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted among 1459 adults >= 40 years. COPD was defined according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria as a post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.70 with the presence of symptoms. COPD was also defined by the lower limit of normal (LLN) threshold - FEV1/FVC < LLN cut-off values with the presence of symptoms. Study participants were interviewed about sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and respiratory symptoms. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were applied. Results: Spirometry reports were acceptable in 1438 participants. The mean age of the participants was 55 (+/- 10) years, and, 54% were female. The prevalence of GOLD-defined COPD was 8.5% (95% CI: 7.1-10.0) and based on the LLN threshold of 5.4% (95% CI: 4.2-6.6). The multivariate logistic regression showed that increasing age, low body mass index, illiterate, current or former smoker, and biomass fuel smoke increased the odds of COPD in both the definitions. Conclusion: COPD is highly prevalent at community level and often underdiagnosed. Strategies aiming at early diagnosis and treatment of COPD, especially for the elderly, illiterate, and reducing exposure to smoking and biomass fuel smoke and childhood lung infection could be effective.
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| 8. |
- Annika, Lindh, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Factors Associated with Patient Education in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - A Primary Health Care Register-Based Study
- 2024
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 19, s. 1069-1077
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Patient education in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recommended in treatment strategy documents, since it can improve the ability to cope with the disease. Our aim was to identify the extent of and factors associated with patient education in patients with COPD in a primary health care setting.PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this nationwide study, we identified 29,692 COPD patients with a registration in the Swedish National Airway Register (SNAR) in 2019. Data on patient education and other clinical variables of interest were collected from SNAR. The database was linked to additional national registers to obtain data about pharmacological treatment, exacerbations and educational level.RESULTS: Patient education had been received by 44% of COPD patients, 72% of whom had received education on pharmacological treatment including inhalation technique. A higher proportion of patients who had received education were offered smoking cessation support, had performed spirometry and answered the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), compared with patients without patient education. In the adjusted analysis, GOLD grade 2 (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18-1.42), grade 3 (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27-1.57) and grade 4 (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.48-2.15), as well as GOLD group E (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.29), ex-smoking (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.56-1.84) and current smoking (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.33-1.58) were positively associated with having received patient education, while cardiovascular disease (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98) and diabetes (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-1.00) were negatively associated with receipt of patient education.CONCLUSION: Fewer than half of the patients had received patient education, and the education had mostly been given to those with more severe COPD, ex- and current smokers and patients with fewer comorbidities. Our study highlights the need to enhance patient education at an earlier stage of the disease.
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| 9. |
- Arne, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Factors associated with good self-rated health and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD
- 2011
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 6, s. 511-519
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Recent guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) state that COPD is both preventable and treatable. To gain a more positive outlook on the disease it is interesting to investigate factors associated with good, self-rated health and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD in the population. Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, postal survey questionnaires were sent to a stratified, random population in Sweden in 2004 and 2008. The prevalence of subjects (40–84 years) who reported having COPD was 2.1% in 2004 and 2.7% in 2008. Data were analyzed for 1475 subjects. Regression models were used to analyze the associations between health measures (general health status, the General Health Questionnaire, the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire) and influencing factors. Results: The most important factor associated with good, self-rated health and quality of life was level of physical activity. Odds ratios for general health varied from 2.4 to 7.7 depending on degree of physical activity, where subjects with the highest physical activity level reported the best health and also highest quality of life. Social support and absence of economic problems almost doubled the odds ratios for better health and quality of life. Conclusions: In this population-based public health survey, better self-rated health status and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD was associated with higher levels of physical activity, social support, and absence of economic problems. The findings indicated that of possible factors that could be influenced, promoting physical activity and strengthening social support are important in maintaining or improving the health and quality of life in subjects with COPD. Severity of the disease as a possible confounding effect should be investigated in future population studies.
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| 10. |
- Bergqvist, Joel, et al.
(author)
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New evidence of increased risk of rhinitis in subjects with COPD: a longitudinal population study.
- 2016
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In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 11:1, s. 2617-2623
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this population-based study was to investigate the risk of developing noninfectious rhinitis (NIR) in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).This is a longitudinal population-based study comprising 3,612 randomly selected subjects from Gothenburg, Sweden, aged 25-75 years. Lung function was measured at baseline with spirometry and the included subjects answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. At follow-up, the subjects answered a questionnaire with a response rate of 87%. NIR was defined as symptoms of nasal obstruction, nasal secretion, and/or sneezing attacks without having a cold, during the last 5 years. COPD was defined as a spirometry ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) <0.7. Subjects who reported asthma and NIR at baseline were excluded from the study. The odds ratios for developing NIR (ie, new-onset NIR) in relation to age, gender, body mass index, COPD, smoking, and atopy were calculated.In subjects with COPD, the 5-year incidence of NIR was significantly increased (10.8% vs 7.4%, P=0.005) and was higher among subjects aged >40 years. Smoking, atopy, and occupational exposure to gas, fumes, or dust were also associated with new-onset NIR. COPD, smoking, and atopy remained individual risk factors for new-onset NIR in the logistic regression analysis.This longitudinal population-based study of a large cohort showed that COPD is a risk factor for developing NIR. Smoking and atopy are also risk factors for NIR. The results indicate that there is a link present between upper and lower respiratory inflammation in NIR and COPD.
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