| 1. |
- Jafari, F., et al.
(författare)
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Notes on the genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae) in Iran
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 425:1, s. 35-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new species-Silene orientoalborzensis and S. circumcarmanica-are here described from Northeast and South Iran, respectively. They belong to Silene subg. Silene sect. Auriculatae which is the largest section of the genus in W-Asia. A specimen from center of Iran, which was identified erroneously as S. atocioides, is revised and identified as S. pendula which represents a new record for the Iranian flora. S. simsii is proposed as a nomen novum for Cucubalus multifidus.
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| 2. |
- Pirani, A., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic significance of seed morphology in Acanthophyllum (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Caryophylleae) in Iran
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 387:2, s. 105-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acanthophyllum, with ca. 90 spiny cushion-forming species, is one of the largest genera of Caryophyllaceae. Although taxonomic utility of seed morphology has already been highlighted in different genera of Caryophyllaceae, the systematic value of seed characters in Acanthophyllum has not been adequately addressed. In order to evaluate the application of seed morphology in infrageneric classification of Acanthophyllum, we surveyed seed characters in the five Iranian sections of Acanthophyllum. Seed morphology of 32 accessions of Acanthophyllum representing 21 species and four sections were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Seed morphological characters of two species from one additional section were included based on previous studies in the Caryophyllaceae. Seeds in the majority of examined species are oblong in outline. Five types of seed surface can be considered: reticulate, reticulate-papillate, colliculate, colliculate-papillate, and colliculate-columellate. Papillae type is a reliable character for separation of certain natural groups within Acanthophyllum. Seed features provided strong evidences for separating sections, especially the following ones: Acanthophyllum, Macrostegia and Pleiosperma, whose seeds showed a high degree of uniformity among the sampled species. Morphological characteristics of seeds were less useful for discriminating Acanthophyllum species. While seed characters are consistent within individual populations, they can vary among different populations of an individual species. Our results show that variation in seed morphological characters are in agreement with phylogenetic patterns within Acanthophyllum.
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic notes on saxicolous lecideoid lichens (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes), mainly from Fennoscandia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 416:1, s. 43-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lecideoid lichen-forming fungi are a large, heterogeneous assemblage including numerous taxa of unclear status. We revise five saxicolous lecideoid taxa described or reported from Fennoscandia. Carbonea nivaria was found to be a distinct species and a first full modern description is given here. It is only known from the Austrian Alps, with later records from Sweden being based on misidentifications. We found that four other taxa are synonyms of previously recognized species: Lecidea distensa (= Miriquidica leucophaea), L. haemensis (= Bryobilimbia ahlesii), L. rhizocarpoides (= Schaereria fuscocinerea) and L. satakuntensis (= Miriquidica plumbeoatra). Lectotypes are designated for the basionyms Lecidea distensa, L. haemensis, L. satakuntensis and Lecidella nivaria.
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| 4. |
- Thulin, Mats, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Boswellia occulta (Burseraceae), a new species of frankincense tree from Somalia (Somaliland)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : MAGNOLIA PRESS. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 394:3, s. 219-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new species Boswellia occulta is described from a small area in the Ceel Afweyn District of Somaliland (northwestern Somalia), where it is locally of considerable socio-economic importance. Although used for frankincense production by many generations of local harvesters, it has been unknown to science until now. Apart from the recently collected type material, it is also known from a sterile and hitherto misunderstood collection made in 1945. The simple-leaved Boswellia occulta is morphologically compared with B. sacra and B. frereana, the two major frankincense-producing species in the region, both with imparipinnate leaves, and it appears to be most closely related to B. sacra. The new species is the only simple-leaved species of Boswellia known outside Socotra.
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| 5. |
- Krasheninnikov, Pavel V., et al.
(författare)
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Parameter Estimation for the Resulting Logical Channel Formed by Minimizing Channel Switching
- 2019
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Ingår i: Automation and remote control. - : Springer. - 0005-1179 .- 1608-3032. ; 80:2, s. 278-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a method for calculating the parameters of the resulting discrete channel for secondary users in cognitive radio systems formed by the algorithm for minimizing channel switchings. The availability of channel slots is defined by a simple Markov chain. We obtain mathematical expressions for determining the transition probabilities of a graph reduced to two states for any number of primary channels.
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| 6. |
- Abulfathi, Ahmed Aliyu, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Rifampicin in Human Tuberculosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0312-5963 .- 1179-1926. ; 58:9, s. 1103-1129
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of rifampicin (rifampin) into tuberculosis (TB) treatment five decades ago was critical for shortening the treatment duration for patients with pulmonary TB to 6months when combined with pyrazinamide in the first 2months. Resistance or hypersensitivity to rifampicin effectively condemns a patient to prolonged, less effective, more toxic, and expensive regimens. Because of cost and fears of toxicity, rifampicin was introduced at an oral daily dose of 600mg (8-12mg/kg body weight). At this dose, clinical trials in 1970s found cure rates of >= 95% and relapse rates of < 5%. However, recent papers report lower cure rates that might be the consequence of increased emergence of resistance. Several lines of evidence suggest that higher rifampicin doses, if tolerated and safe, could shorten treatment duration even further. We conducted a narrative review of rifampicin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in adults across a range of doses and highlight variables that influence its pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. Rifampicin exposure has considerable inter- and intra-individual variability that could be reduced by administration during fasting. Several factors including malnutrition, HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, dose size, pharmacogenetic polymorphisms, hepatic cirrhosis, and substandard medicinal products alter rifampicin exposure and/or efficacy. Renal impairment has no influence on rifampicin pharmacokinetics when dosed at 600mg. Rifampicin maximum (peak) concentration (C-max) > 8.2 mu g/mL is an independent predictor of sterilizing activity and therapeutic drug monitoring at 2, 4, and 6h post-dose may aid in optimizing dosing to achieve the recommended rifampicin concentration of >= 8 mu g/mL. A higher rifampicin C-max is required for severe forms TB such as TB meningitis, with C-max >= 22 mu g/mL and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to 6h (AUC(6)) >= 70 mu g.h/mL associated with reduced mortality. More studies are needed to confirm whether doses achieving exposures higher than the current standard dosage could translate into faster sputum conversion, higher cure rates, lower relapse rates, and less mortality. It is encouraging that daily rifampicin doses up to 35mg/kg were found to be safe and well-tolerated over a period of 12weeks. High-dose rifampicin should thus be considered in future studies when constructing potentially shorter regimens. The studies should be adequately powered to determine treatment outcomes and should include surrogate markers of efficacy such as C-max/MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and AUC/MIC.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Callréus, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring CAR-T-Cell Therapies Using the Nordic Healthcare Databases
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutical Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1178-2595 .- 1179-1993. ; 33:2, s. 83-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following intense research efforts, modulation of the immune system has finally proved to be a viable approach for treating malignant disease. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor redirected T cells have achieved promising outcomes in patients with B-cell malignancies and they are currently also being investigated in other haematological malignancies, solid tumours and viral infections. Compared with traditional biopharmaceuticals, the properties of genetically modified chimeric antigen receptor redirected T-cell therapies differ in many aspects, thereby posing challenges in terms of post-authorisation data collection and data analysis. We believe that the network of population-based Nordic healthcare databases has some characteristics that can help provide important data on these new types of advanced products. In particular, the possibility of very long follow-up periods with a limited loss to follow-up is an important strength. Given the limited source population and slow access to data, a Nordic chimeric antigen receptor redirected T-cell monitoring project should be seen as complementary to other surveillance initiatives.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dennhag, Inga, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring gender stereotypes about interpersonal behavior and personality factors using digital matched-guise techniques
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 47:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study explores gender stereotypes among Swedish university students (n=101) studying a course in psychology, using a matched-guise experimental design. The gender identity of a speaker in a dialogue, manifested by voice, was digitally manipulated to sound male or female. Responses to the recordings indicated that an actor with a male voice was rated significantly less conscientious, agreeable, extraverted, and open to experience than the same actor with a female voice. On social behavior, there was a tendency for the actor with a male voice to be rated as more hostile than the same actor with a female voice. The study suggests that stereotype effects rather than real behavioral differences may have an impact on perceived gender differences.
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