| 1. |
- Ahmad, Bashir, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Salicylic Acid and Amino Acid on Pea Plant (Pisum sativum) Late Season, Growth and Production
- 2023
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - : HARD Publishing Company. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 32:3, s. 1987-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salicylic acid and amino acid are plant growth promoters. Therefore, the study entitled "Effect of salicylic acid and amino acid on late season peas growth and production" was conducted. The study has two factors: amino acid (Glycine) and salicylic acid each having four levels that were sprayed on peas. Analysis of data showed that maximum germination percentage (92.50 %), plant height (63.16 cm), primary branches plant-1 (2.80), leaves plant-1 (264.27), leaf chlorophyll content (57.25 SPAD), pods plant-1 (49.25), seeds pod-1 (10.41), pod length (11.74 cm) and yield ha-1 (1922.5 kg) having least days to flowering and pod formation (50.13 and 5.12 days) were noted in 225 mg L-1 amino acid. Salicylic acid levels showed that maximum germination percentage (95.83 %) height of plants (71.85 cm), leaves plant-1 (257.13), primary branches plant-1 (3.25), leaf chlorophyll content (55.81 SPAD), pods plant-1 (52.16), seeds pod-1 (10.91), pod length(11.05 cm) and yield ha-1 (1895.0 kg) having least days to pod formation and flowering (5.26 and 48.30 days) were noted in salicylic acid level of 300 mg L-1. The combined effect of 225 mg L-1 amino acid and 300 mg L-1salicylic acid levels positively improved primary branches plant-1 (3.93), pod plant-1 (66.33), pod length (13.77 cm), seeds pod-1 (12.44), leaf chlorophyll content (64.49 SPAD) and maximum yield ha-1 (1942.66 kg). It is concluded that for higher growth and yield pea cultivar Climax when cultivated late could be applied with 225 mg L-1 amino acid and 300 mg L-1 salicylic under Peshawar climatic conditions.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Furman, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Assessment of Outdoor Background Gamma Radiation at Duhok City, in Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- 2022
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - : HARD Publishing Company. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 31:6, s. 4989-4995
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a model „ADM606M Portable Multifunction Ratemeter /Scalar“ (Gamma GP110 Detector) was used to estimate the effective dose rate in (µSv.h-1). The data were analyzed for three specified hours per day (9:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., and 1:00 p.m.) from January 2009 to June 2016. In July 2019, the gamma scout radiation meter (dosimeter) was used to measure the outdoor gamma effective dose rate (µSv.h-1) for the same building every minute for three hours, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m., at 1m above the second floor of the building. The average effective dose rate and average Annual Effective Dose Rate were 0.158±0.013 µSv.h-1 and 0.2614145 mSv.y-1, respectively, within acceptable limits. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) value was also assessed to be (0.91495×10–³), which was found to be greater than the UNSCEAR, 2000 stated world average (0.29×10–³). The risks of cancer morbidity and mortality for specific organs and tissues from external sources of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation were also assessed. They showed biological effects associated with the potential long-term exposure of Dohuk city residents to natural background radiation.
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| 3. |
- Al Mousawi, Eman, et al.
(författare)
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Applying Different Water Quality Indices and GIS to Assess the Water Quality, Case Study: Euphrates River in Qadisiyah Province
- 2023
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - : HARD. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 32:5, s. 4201-4217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A well-known tool for assessing the quality of surface water is the water quality index (WQI) model. In this study, the WQI was generated to classify the water flowing in the Euphrates River in Qadisiyah Province. To develop analytical models, a connection between the findings and satellite images was developed. It is possible to determine what category a river’s water quality for domestic use will fall into. The Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WWQI), Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI),and Bascarón Water Quality Index (BWQI) were used to evaluate and examine the suitability of the Euphrates River in the city by analysing the water quality of samples taken from the five locations (Muhanawia (L1), Salahia (L2), Shamiyah (L3), Shamiyah (L4), Gammas (L5)). The hydrogen ionspH, temperature T, dissolved oxygen DO, nitrate NO3, calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, total hardness TH, potassium K, sodium Na, sulfate SO4, chlorine Cl, total dissolved solids TDS, and electrical conductivity ECvalues are provided for 2020 and 2021. Results showed the Euphrates River was deemed severely contaminated at location Gammas (L5) but acceptable at location Muhanawia (L1). During the research phase, the water quality for the Euphrates achieved a maximum of 87.43 using the CWQI for Muhanawia (L1) in 2021 and a minimum of 15.6 using the BWQI for Gammas (L5) in 2021. The excessive sulphate, total dissolved solids, calcium, and total hardness concentrations led to the low WQI. The results are analysed using a GIS, and a network database connected to the GIS is required to utilize its analytical capabilities and the geographically scattered data throughout the study region. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is not suitable for drinking, as it is below the average of the World Health Organization (WHO) suggestions.
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| 4. |
- Alabas, Mohammed A Almajeed A, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the Effect of Downstream Slope and Rockfill Materials on Flow Regimes over Gabion Stepped Weirs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - : HARD. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 32:4, s. 3481-3490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important to determine the limits of flow regimes in the design of stepped weirs because of the hydraulic performance of each regime. The present study investigates the effect of downstream slope and rock fill materials on flow regimes in gabion stepped weirs. Nine physical models of gabion weirs were used in the experiments. The models’ downstream slopes ranged from 1:05 to 1:4 V:H. In addition, two types of rockfill materials: crushed stone of 0.42 porosity and rounded gravel of 0.38 porosity were used to study the effect of rockfill materials on flow regimes. The nominal size of the crushed stone was (37.5 mm - 13.2 mm) D50 = 23 mm and the nominal size of the rounded gravel was (26.5 mm - 13.2 mm) D50 = 16 mm. Each model has been tested with ten runs for discharge per unit width ranging (from 0.006 to 0.105 m3/sec. m) to cover all flow conditions and flow regimes. The onset of each flow regime for all physical models has been observed. The experimental data of the gabion stepped weirs have been used to develop equations to estimate the onset of each flow regime. The coefficient of correlation (R) of the developed equations ranged between 0.95 to 0.97. The results indicated on the steeper downstream slope models (1:0.5, 1:0.83), there is interference between the nappe and transition flow regimes. The nappe flow regime has not appeared on all steps at the same time. Moreover, the shape and size of the rockfill materials have an insignificant effect on flow regimes, especially at a high flow rate.
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| 5. |
- Bai, Caiquan, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial Non-Equilibrium and Its Solidification Effect of China's Per Capita Transportation Carbon Emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - : HARD Publishing Company. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 30:2, s. 1051-1066
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is of great significance to understand the spatial non-equilibrium and the solidification degree of transportation carbon emissions, so that differentiated measures can be taken to reduce transportation carbon emissions. Based on China's provincial data from 2005 to 2015, this article uses the Dagum Gini coefficient to decompose the spatial non-equilibrium of per capita transportation carbon emissions from static viewpoint. The results indicate that the overall spatial non-equilibrium shows a significant downward trend; the intensity of transvariation has had an increased contribution rate year by year since 2008, and replaces the inter-regional differences as the main source of the overall spatial non-equilibrium. Next, Kernel density estimation is employed to analyze the evolution laws of spatial non-equilibrium from dynamic viewpoint. The results show that the per capita transportation carbon emissions in the eastern region are successively higher than those at the national level, and in other regions. Meanwhile, some provinces are concentrated at a low level, while others at a high level. Finally, Markov chains approach is applied to identify the solidification effect of the spatial non-equilibrium. The results indicate that the effect is obvious and the state transitions occur only between adjacent types. Moreover, the solidification effects of the provinces with higher per capita transportation carbon emissions are stronger than those provinces with a lower level.
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| 6. |
- Brogowski, Zygmunt, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of opoka as a basis for its use in wastewater treatment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 13:1, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opoka, as a silica-calcite sedimentary rock, occurs in south-eastern Europe and Russia. Stratigraphical studies down to 8 in depth were performed in Belzec, Poland, where samples were taken for further analyses. Vertical layers represented a heavy-weight opoka consisting of relatively more CaCO3 than the horizontal layers of lightweight opoka dominated by SiO2. Opoka had a mean bulk density of 1.34 g/cm(3), a porosity of 44.5 % and a specific surface area of 64 m(2)/g. Opoka, especially after heated to over 900degreesC can be used as reactive filter media for phosphorus removal. Maximum sorption capacity was 119.6 g PO4-P/ kg. Element analysis of the rock did not reveal any anomaly from that expected, and it was concluded that its element content does not devaluate opoka as a sorbent used in ecological wastewater treatment.
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| 7. |
- Cucarella, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Fertilizer potential of calcium-rich substrates used for phosphorus removal from wastewater
- 2007
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 16:6, s. 817-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus (P) in wastewater is an important source of pollution, but properly managed, it can become a resource. Reactive filter media with a high affinity for P are promising in reducing P from effluents allowing nutrient recycling. In this study, three calcium-rich substrates (Filtra P, Polonite, wollastonite) with ability to remove P from wastewater have been saturated with P and tested as potential fertilizers in a pot experiment. Polonite had a relatively higher P content than Filtra P and wollastonite after saturation. All three materials tended to improve the yield of barley compared with the control treatment. Polonite induced the highest yield per unit of amendment from all three materials due to its higher P content, which could be shown in a higher ammonium lactate (AL)-extractable P in soil after harvesting. The application of the substrates slightly increased soil pH and decreased the hydrolytic acidity.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hallberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Suspended solids concentration in highway runoff during summer conditions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 17:2, s. 237-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One treatment practice for storm water is detention of the initial part of the runoff that is considered to contain the highest concentration of pollutants. This study has evaluated the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) in 44 consecutive runoff events from a highway watershed. The effluent TSS standard for wastewater of 60 mg/l applied in the EU was used to assess the required treatment. In 35 of the runoff events the TSS partial event mean concentration exceeded 60 mg/l for the duration of the runoff event. Thus, a partial capture of the runoff volume should not be used as a treatment option in similar conditions that prevailed in this study.
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| 10. |
- Kasiuliene, Alfreda, et al.
(författare)
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Chelant-Assisted Accumulation of Cd, Cu, and Zn in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Biomass as a Renewable Energy Feedstock
- 2016
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - : HARD Publishing Company. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 25:5, s. 1985-1993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the environmental concerns regarding soil contamination by heavy metals and the possibility of growing a high biomass-yielding crop (i.e., rapeseed) as a tool of phytoremediation. The aim of our research was to investigate the growth parameters and the capacity of rapeseed to accumulate Cd, Cu, and Zn from the contaminated soil and to investigate the effects of the chelants (EDTA, EDDS) as potential heavy metal mobility-enhancing agents. A pot experiment was performed under greenhouse conditions where rapeseed was grown on heavy metal-contaminated soil taken from former septic drain fields. Chelants were applied twice using doses of 3 mmol kg(-1) of wet soil weight. Plants from contaminated soil produced more biomass and heavier seeds. The highest Cd concentrations were detected in rapeseed stems and leaves: Cu in roots and Zn in seeds and stems with leaves. Rapeseed in some cases exhibited translocation factor values for single plant parts greater than unity, whereas the bioconcentration factor was always below unity. Detected concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the biomass indicate that rapeseed may be considered an excluder rather than accumulator. Chelant application did not provide the expected enhancing effect on heavy metal uptake by rapeseed.
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