| 1. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
-
A method exploiting direct communication between phasor measurement units for power system wide-area protection and control algorithms
- 2017
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 4, s. 346-359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synchrophasor measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are the primary sensors used to deploy Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems. PMUs stream out synchrophasor measurements through the IEEE C37.118.2 protocol using TCP/IP or UDP/IP. The proposed method establishes a direct communication between two PMUs, thus eliminating the requirement of an intermediate phasor data concentrator, data mediator and/or protocol parser and thereby ensuring minimum communication latency without considering communication link delays. This method allows utilizing synchrophasor measurements internally in a PMU to deploy custom protection and control algorithms. These algorithms are deployed using protection logic equations which are supported by all the PMU vendors. Moreover, this method reduces overall equipment cost as the algorithms execute internally in a PMU and therefore does not require any additional controller for their deployment. The proposed method can be utilized for fast prototyping of wide-area measurements based protection and control applications. The proposed method is tested by coupling commercial PMUs as Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) with Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator (RTS). As illustrative example, anti-islanding protection application is deployed using proposed method and its performance is assessed. The essential points in the method are:• Bypassing intermediate phasor data concentrator or protocol parsers as the synchrophasors are communicated directly between the PMUs (minimizes communication delays).• Wide Area Protection and Control Algorithm is deployed using logic equations in the client PMU, therefore eliminating the requirement for an external hardware controller (cost curtailment)• Effortless means to exploit PMU measurements in an environment familiar to protection engineers
|
|
| 2. |
- Amini, Kasra, et al.
(författare)
-
Space-technological and architectural methodology and process towards design of long-term habitats for scientific human missions on mars
- 2023
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier BV. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Centered on the core idea of long duration habitat design for research crew on Mars, the Martian Habitat Units (MHUs) are designed as a cluster of 10 units each with the maximum capacity of 9 crew members to live and carry on with the local challenges of scientific and exploratory life, while enjoying their lives as intellectual, social individuals in the harsh environment of Mars for durations in the order of magnitude of several years. This approach to the concept of a living environment in sharp contradiction to that of a shelter with the minimal capabilities to meet the requirements of terrestrial life to the point of survival, has led the outcoming design to be a fulfilling environment for the inhabitants of the units to evolve and thrive culturally, while being on a years-long mission. This manuscript provides detailed insight on the lessons learned of the aforementioned comprehensive design attempt with, but not limited to, the following core concerns: • The initial stand-point of such a design procedure relies on an ever increasing and comprehensive list of concerns, be it classically discussed in the literature and predictable, or unforeseen on the face of it, but to be prevented anyhow. The manuscript discusses the most crucial ones of such criteria/concerns. • The infamous saying of “Whatever that can go wrong, will go wrong” demands a rather complex level of redundancies in all layers of the design and the thought procedure behind its all aspects. The manuscript addresses the adequate steps towards its realization. • Modularity in all layers of the design plays a key role in reducing construction, maintenance, and installation costs, as for any deep space mission the mentioned expenses are astronomically high themselves. The manuscript presents our solution for geometric modularity of the design.
|
|
| 3. |
- Behboudian, Massoud, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of multi-agent decision-making methods in hydrological ecosystem services management
- 2023
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier BV. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a methodology is presented for managing hydrological ecosystem services by taking into account the hierarchy of stakeholders involved in the decision-making process. With this in mind, a water allocation model is first used for allocating water resources to demands. Then, several ecosystem services (ESs)-based criteria are defined to evaluate hydrological ESs of water resources management policies. A set of water and environmental resources management strategies (alternatives) are defined for decision-makers, and several drought management strategies are determined to decrease the area of key crops and water demands of agricultural nodes. To model a multi-agent multi-criteria decision-making problem for managing hydrological ESs, three main steps are considered as follows: • Different ES-based criteria (i.e., economic profit, NPP,1 and ecological index) are defined, and their grade-based values are estimated. • Several strategies are defined for stakeholders at different levels. • A recursive evidential reasoning (ER) approach, which considers a hierarchical structure for decision-makers and a leader-follower game, is used to select the best strategy for each decision-maker.The applicability and efficiency of the methodology are illustrated by applying it to a real-world case study. The methodology is general and can be easily applied to other study areas.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bektas, Oguz, et al.
(författare)
-
A neural network framework for similarity-based prognostics
- 2019
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 6, s. 383-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prognostic performance is associated with accurately estimating remaining useful life. Difficulty in accurate prognostic applications can be tackled by processing raw sensor readings into more meaningful and comprehensive health condition indicators that will then provide performance information for remaining useful life estimations. To that end, typically, multiple tasks on data pre-processing and predictions have to be carried out such that tasks can be assessed using different methodological aspects. However, incompatible methods may result in poor performance and consequently lead to undesirable error rates.The present research evaluates data training and prediction stages. A data-driven prognostic method based on a feed-forward neural network framework is first defined to calculate the performance of a complex system. Then, the health indicators are used in a similarity based remaining useful life estimation method. This framework presents a conceptual prognostic protocol that overcomes challenges presented by multi-regime condition monitoring data.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bivehed, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Flash-comet assay
- 2020
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : ELSEVIER. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper, we present a substantially revised protocol of the widely used SCGE assay performed under alkaline conditions. In our updated version of the comet assay, which we call the Flash-comet, LiOH is used instead of NaOH during the unwinding and electrophoresis. This allows a higher voltage during the electrophoresis (5 V/cm instead of 0.7 V/cm), making it possible to reduce the unwinding time from 20 to 40 to 2.5 min, and the electrophoresis time from 10 to 20 to 1 min. Still, the Flash-comet was found to detect DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites with a higher degree of sensitivity than the conventional protocol in cells that had been exposed to H2O2 or ionizing radiation. In order to prevent alkaline hydrolysis of DNA, the wash and lysis solutions have been modified in the Flash-comet protocol. By using an alkaline LiOH-based medium, the Flash-comet allows for much shorter times for both unwinding and electrophoresis than the conventional comet assay without compromising the sensitivity. The reduced run-times of the unwinding and electrophoresis steps in the Flash-comet should also reduce the risk of laboratory-induced alkaline hydrolysis of DNA when evaluating the potential DNA-damaging effects of different types of xenobiotics.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bravo, Andrea Garcia, et al.
(författare)
-
Cleaning and sampling protocol for analysis of mercury and dissolved organic matter in freshwater systems
- 2018
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier BV. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 5, s. 1017-1026
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mercury (Hg), and in particular its methylated form (methylmercury, MeHg), is a hazardous substance with the potential to produce significant adverse neurological and other health effects. Enhanced anthropogenic emissions and long-range transport of atmospheric Hg have increased Hg concentrations above background levels in aquatic systems. In this context, the Minamata Convention, a global legally binding agreement that seeks to prevent human exposure to Hg, was signed and enforced by 128 countries, and today more than 90 Parties have ratified it. All these Parties have committed to develop Hg monitoring programs to report the effectiveness of the convention. For this purpose, we provide a standardized cleaning and water sampling protocol for the determination of total-Hg and MeHg in freshwaters at ambient levels. As Hg and organic matter are tightly bound, the protocol also describes sample collection for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition by fluorescence spectroscopy. This protocol is highly useful to non-experts without a prior background in Hg sampling and analysis, and can serve as a useful basis for national monitoring programs. Furthermore, this protocol should help increase quantitative inventories of DOC, inorganic-Hg (IHg) and MeHg concentrations and DOM composition in freshwater, which are severely lacking at a global scale. • Provides a standardized method to collect water samples for IHg, MeHg, DOC and DOM composition from freshwater ecosystems.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dehmel, Naira, et al.
(författare)
-
Combining service design and discrete choice experiments for intervention design : An application to weather index insurance
- 2021
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we provide a detailed description of the methodological steps involved in conducting a Service Design study in combination with Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs). It complements the conceptual and epistemological argument developed for this methodological combination in Osborne et al. (2021, World Development, in review WD-19535). Service Design for the co-creative development of policy interventions in complex adaptive systems involves an iterative process of moving between the six methodological stages of (1) problem co-definition, (2) actor-centred mapping, (3) experience-based problem diagnosis, (4) rapid prototyping, (5) design and testing and (6) upscaling. We suggest using DCEs as a quantitative method that is contextually adaptable and comparatively fast and cheap to implement, as part of stage (6) design and testing. Whilst both methods can operate independently with their own strengths and limitations, we find their combination to add value to the processes and outcomes of each. We illustrate the general methodological approach with a step-by-step description of its application to Weather Index Insurance in eastern Uganda. Bullet points: Service Design co-creatively develops well-targeted solutions in complex adaptive systems. Discrete Choice Experiments quantitatively elicit actors preferences over the design of goods or services. Their combination can bring deeply contextualised, user-centred, operational and experimentally verified ideas for development interventions prior to their implementation. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 8. |
- Downing, Andrea S.
(författare)
-
CLD4SDGs : Integrated assessment of progress and impacts on Sustainable Development Goals using Causal Loop Diagrams
- 2022
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier BV. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The United Nations' 2030 Agenda for sustainable development calls for meeting the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through local action and integrated approaches. We here describe a method developed to understand how local (un-)sustainable processes in coupled social-ecological systems contribute to or hinder meeting SDGs at the target-level in coupled social-ecological systems (SES). The steps include:The construction of a causal-loop diagram (CLD) of the social-ecological processes that shape system dynamicsCLD simplification for the purpose of the SDG analysis,Steps of the SDG analysis.The methods combine and build on published examples of CLD and SDG analyses and includes instructions for the transparent documentation of the analyses to support review and further development of SDG-target analyses in complex social-ecological systems. A template for the documentation and analysis is provided in the supplementary materials.
|
|
| 9. |
- Eriksson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
A toolbox for automated driving on the STISIM driving simulator
- 2018
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 5, s. 1073-1088
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driving simulators have been used since the beginning of the 1930s to assist researchers in assessing driver behaviour without putting the driver in harm's way. The current manuscript describes the implementation of a toolbox for automated driving research on the widely used STISIM platform. The toolbox presented in this manuscript allows researchers to conduct flexible research into automated driving, enabling independent use of longitudinal control, and a combination of longitudinal and lateral control, and is available as an open source download through GitHub. The toolbox allows the driver to adjust parameters such as set speed (in 5 kph increments) and time-headway (in steps of 1, 1.5, and 2 s) as well as automation mode dynamically, while logging additional variabless that STISIM does not provide out-of-the-box (time-headway, time to collision). Moreover, the toolbox presented in this manuscript has gone through validation trials showing accurate speed, time-headway, and lane tracking, as well as transitions of control between manual and automated driving.A toolbox was developed for STISIM driving simulators.The toolbox allows for automated driving.Functionality includes tracking of speed, headway, and lane.
|
|
| 10. |
- Everitt, Carl-Magnus, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
An imprint method to produce surface asperities for EHL and RCF experiments
- 2021
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier BV. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method was developed for creating single well-defined surface asperities using an imprint technique. The proposed method enables: • Creation of well-defined micrometre high asperities • Creation of asperities which survived more than 35 million EHL contact cycles • Damage tracing thanks to the possibility to control the damage initiation sites.The technique is based on rolling a hard disc with indents against a soft disc for creating single surface asperities. The contact pressure causes plastic deformation forcing material into the indents to create the asperities. The height of the asperities can be controlled by adjusting the applied force. After initial reshaping during the run-in process, the asperities were strong enough to survive more than 35 million elastohydrodynamic lubrication cycles, which should be of great interest for the researchers who investigate rolling contact fatigue experimentally. The method could also aid the research on the run-in process by enabling tracing the development of specific surface defects. Since the method can produce high and strong asperities it might also prove useful for investigations how asperities deform under sever contact conditions.
|
|
