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- Cadirci, Kenan, et al.
(författare)
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The in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative damage potentials of the oral artificial sweetener aspartame on cultured human blood cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Turkiye Klinikleri. - 1300-0144 .- 1303-6165. ; 50:2, s. 448-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Aspartame (APM, L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester) is a low-calorie, nonsaccharide artificial sweetener widely used in foods and beverages. When metabolized by the body, APM is broken down into aspartic acid, phenylalanine amino acids, and a third substance, methanol. Since the amino acid phenylalanine serves as a neurotransmitter building block affecting the brain, and methanol is converted into toxic formaldehyde, APM has deleterious effects on the body and brain. Thus, its safety and, toxicity have been the subjects of concern ever since it was first discovered. Although many studies have been performed on it, due to the presence of conflicting data in the literature, there are still numerous question marks concerning APM. Therefore, the safety of aspartame was tested using in vitro methods. Materials and methods: We aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effects by using 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase release tests, genotoxic damage potential by using chromosome aberration (CA) assay, and antioxidant/oxidant activity by using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) analysis in primary human whole blood cell cultures. Results: The results of the MTT test showed that APM led to significant decreases in cell viability in a clear concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, an increase in CA frequency was found in the cells treated with APM. However, APM treatments did not cause any significant changes in TAC and TOS levels in whole blood cultures. Conclusion: Overall, the obtained results showed that APM had genotoxicity potential and a concentration-dependent cytotoxic activity in human blood cells.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Sen, et al.
(författare)
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Roles of glycoprotein glycosylation in the pathogenesis of an endemic osteoarthritis, Kashin–Beck disease, and effectiveness evaluation of sodium hyaluronate treatment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. - : TÜBİTAK (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). - 1300-0144 .- 1303-6165. ; 50:4, s. 1028-1037
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: We aimed to explore the roles of glycoprotein glycosylation in the pathogenesis of Kashin–Beck disease (KBD), and evaluated the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate treatment.Materials and methods: Blood and saliva were collected from KBD patients before and after the injection of sodium hyaluronate. Normal healthy subjects were included as controls. Saliva and serum lectin microarrays and saliva and serum microarray verifications were used to screen and confirm the differences in lectin levels among the three groups.Results: In saliva lectin microarray, bindings to Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA), Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin I (GSL-I), Euonymus europaeus lectin (EEL), Maackia amurensis lectin II (MAL-II), Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA), Hippeastrum hybrid lectin (HHL), and Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) were higher in the untreated KBD patients than in the control group. Increased levels of HHL, MAL-II, and GSL-I in the untreated KBD patients discriminated them in particular from the treated ones. Jacalin was lower in the untreated KBD patients compared to the treated KBD and control groups. In serum lectin microarray, HHL and peanut agglutinin (PNA) were increased in the untreated KBD group in comparison to the control one. AAL, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E+L) (PHA- E+L), and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin I (PTL-I) were lower in the untreated KBD patients compared to the treated KBD and control groups. Hyaluronate treatment appeared to normalize SNA, AAL, and MAL-II levels in saliva, and HHL, PNA, AAL, PTL-I, and PHA-E+L levels in serum. Saliva reversed microarray verification confirmed significant differences between the groups in SNA and Jacalin, in particular for GSL-I levels, while serum reversed microarray verification indicated that HHL, PNA, and AAL levels returned to normal levels after the hyaluronate treatment. Lectin blot confirmed significant differences in HHL, AAL, and Jacalin in saliva, and HHL, PNA, PHA-E+L, and AAL in serum.Conclusion: HHL in saliva and serum may be a valuable diagnostic biomarker of KBD, and it may be used as follow-up for the hyaluronate treatment.
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