| 1. |
- Aguileta, Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
-
Proposed standard nomenclature for the alpha- and beta-globin gene families
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Genes & Genetic Systems. - : Genetics Society of Japan. - 1341-7568 .- 1880-5779. ; 81:5, s. 367-371
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The globin family of genes and proteins has been a recurrent object of study for many decades. This interest has generated a vast amount of knowledge. However it has also created an inconsistent and confusing nomenclature, due to the lack of a systematic approach to naming genes and failure to reflect the phylogenetic relationships among genes of the gene family. To alleviate the problems with the existing system, here we propose a standardized nomenclature for the alpha and beta globin family of genes, based on a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate alpha and beta globins, and following the Guidelines for Human Gene Nomenclature.
|
|
| 2. |
- Inomata, Nobuyuki, et al.
(författare)
-
Levels and patterns of DNA variation in two sympatric mangrove species, Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata from Thailand
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Genes & Genetic Systems. - : Genetics Society of Japan. - 1341-7568 .- 1880-5779. ; 84:4, s. 277-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In mangrove species the past geomorphic changes in coastal regions and reproductive systems are important factors of their distribution and genetic structure of populations. However, very little is known about the levels of genetic variation of Rhiozophora species in Southeast Asia. In this study, we surveyed levels and patterns of genetic variation as well as population structure of two sympatric mangrove species, Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata in Thailand, using five nuclear genes and two cpDNA regions. In all investigated DNA regions, nucleotide variation within species was low, while nucleotide divergence between the two species was considerable. The nuclear genes evolved 10 times faster than the cpDNA regions. In both R. apiculata and R. mucronata, significant positive F(IS) values were found, indicating deviation from Hardy-Weinberg proportions and a deficiency of heterozygotes. In both species, we found significant genetic differentiation between populations. However, the pattern of population differentiation (F(ST)) of R. apiculata differed from that of R. mucronata. Our results suggest that the two investigated species have different demographic history, even though they are sympatric and have similar reproductive systems.
|
|
| 3. |
- Khatab, Ismael A, et al.
(författare)
-
Phylogeography of Eurasian Larix species inferred from nucleotide variation in two nuclear genes.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Genes & Genetic Systems. - : Genetics Society of Japan. - 1341-7568 .- 1880-5779. ; 83:1, s. 55-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Larch (Larix Mill.) is one of the most widely distributed tree genera in Eurasia. To determine population structure and to verify classification of five species and three varieties of the Eurasian Larix species, we investigated levels and patterns of nucleotide variation of two nuclear gene regions: the 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and the coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H). In the 4CL region nucleotide diversity at silent sites (πsil) varied between 0.0020 in L. gmelinii to 0.0116 in L. gmelinii var. japonica and in the C3H region between 0.0019 in L. kaempferi to 0.0066 in L. gmelinii var. japonica. In both gene regions statistically significant population differentiation (FST) was detected among adjacent refugial populations of some species suggesting limited gene flow and/or long time isolation of some refugial populations. On the other hand, populations of L. sukaczewii from northwestern Russia, which was glaciated 20,000 years ago showed no differentiation. This result is consistent with recent postglacial origin of these populations. Haplotype composition of some of the investigated Eurasian Larix species suggested that they are considerably diverged. Some haplotypes were unique to individual species. Our results indicate that more intensive sampling especially from known refugial regions is necessary for inferring correct classification of Eurasian Larix species and inferring their postglacial migration.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Xu, Li-Di, et al.
(författare)
-
ADAR1 Editing and its Role in Cancer
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Genes & Genetic Systems. - : MDPI AG. - 1341-7568 .- 1880-5779. ; 10:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well established that somatic mutations and escape of immune disruption are two essential factors in cancer initiation and progression. With an increasing number of second-generation sequencing data, transcriptomic modifications, so called RNA mutations, are emerging as significant forces that drive the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor, as well as providing tumor diversity to escape an immune attack. Editing of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) in double-stranded RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), is one dynamic modification that in a combinatorial manner can give rise to a very diverse transcriptome. Since the cell interprets inosine as guanosine (G), A-to-I editing can result in non-synonymous codon changes in transcripts as well as yield alternative splicing, but also affect targeting and disrupt maturation of microRNAs. ADAR-mediated RNA editing is essential for survival in mammals, however, its dysregulation causes aberrant editing of its targets that may lead to cancer. ADAR1 is commonly overexpressed, for instance in breast, lung, liver and esophageal cancer as well as in chronic myelogenous leukemia, where it promotes cancer progression. It is well known that ADAR1 regulates type I interferon (IFN) and its induced gene signature, which are known to operate as a significant barrier to tumor formation and progression. Adding to the complexity, ADAR1 expression is also regulated by IFN. In this review, we discussed the regulatory mechanisms of ADAR1 during tumorigenesis through aberrant editing of specific substrates. Additionally, we hypothesized that elevated ADAR1 levels play a role in suppressing an innate immunity response in cancer cells.
|
|
