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- Arase, Mayu, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming growth factor-beta-induced lncRNA-Smad7 inhibits apoptosis of mouse breast cancer JygMC(A) cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Science. - : Wiley. - 1347-9032 .- 1349-7006. ; 105:8, s. 974-982
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta exhibits both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic effects on epithelial cells in a context-dependent manner. The anti-apoptotic function of TGF-beta is mediated by several downstream regulatory mechanisms, and has been implicated in the tumor-progressive phenotype of breast cancer cells. We conducted RNA sequencing of mouse mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and identified a long non-coding RNA, termed lncRNA-Smad7, which has anti-apoptotic functions, as a target of TGF-beta lncRNA-Smad7 was located adjacent to the mouse Smad7 gene, and its expression was induced by TGF-beta in all of the mouse mammary gland epithelial cell lines and breast cancer cell lines that we evaluated. Suppression of lncRNA-Smad7 expression cancelled the anti-apoptotic function of TGF-beta In contrast, forced expression of lncRNA-Smad7 rescued apoptosis induced by a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor in the mouse breast cancer cell line JygMC(A). The anti-apoptotic effect of lncRNA-Smad7 appeared to occur independently of the transcriptional regulation by TGF-beta of anti-apoptotic DEC1 and pro-apoptotic Bim proteins. Small interfering RNA for lncRNA-Smad7 did not alter the process of TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, phosphorylation of Smad2 or expression of the Smad7 gene, suggesting that the contribution of this lncRNA to TGF-beta functions may be restricted to apoptosis. Our findings suggest a complex mechanism for regulating the anti-apoptotic and tumor-progressive aspects of TGF-beta signaling.
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| 2. |
- Borsics, Tamas, et al.
(författare)
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Subcellular distribution and expression of prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family, member 2 (PRAF2) in malignant glioma : Influence on cell survival and migration
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Science. - : Wiley. - 1347-9032 .- 1349-7006. ; 101:7, s. 1624-1631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our previous studies revealed that the expression of the 19-kDa protein prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family, member 2 (PRAF2) is elevated in cancer tissues of the breast, colon, lung, and ovary, when compared to noncancerous tissues of paired samples. PRAF2 mRNA expression also correlated with several genetic and clinical features and is a candidate prognostic marker in the pediatric cancer neuroblastoma. The PRAF2-related proteins, PRAF1 and PRAF3, play multiple roles in cellular processes, including endo/exocytic vesicle trafficking and glutamate uptake. PRAF2 shares a high sequence homology with these family members, but its function remains unknown. In this study, we examined PRAF2 mRNA and protein expression in 20 different human cancer types using Affymetrix microarray and human tissue microarray (TMA) analyses, respectively. In addition, we investigated the subcellular distribution of PRAF2 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation studies. PRAF2 mRNA and protein expression was elevated in several cancer tissues with highest levels in malignant glioma. At the molecular level, we detected native PRAF2 in small, vesicle-like structures throughout the cytoplasm as well as in and around cell nuclei of U-87 malignant glioma cells. We further found that monomeric and dimeric forms of PRAF2 are associated with different cell compartments, suggesting possible functional differences. Importantly, PRAF2 down-regulation by RNA interference significantly reduced the cell viability, migration, and invasiveness of U-87 cells. This study shows that PRAF2 expression is elevated in various tumors with exceptionally high expression in malignant gliomas, and PRAF2 therefore presents a candidate molecular target for therapeutic intervention. (Cancer Sci 2010).
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| 4. |
- Hassan, Saadia, et al.
(författare)
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Novel activity of acriflavine against colorectal cancer tumor cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Science. - : Wiley. - 1347-9032 .- 1349-7006. ; 102:12, s. 2206-2213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high-throughput screen of the cytotoxic activity of 2000 molecules from a commercial library in three human colon cancer cell lines and two normal cell types identified the acridine acriflavin to be a colorectal cancer (CRC) active drug. Acriflavine was active in cell spheroids, indicating good drug penetration and activity against hypoxic cells. In a validation step based on primary cultures of patient tumor cells, acriflavine was found to be more active against CRC than ovarian cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This contrasted to the activity pattern of the CRC active standard drugs 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Mechanistic studies indicated acriflavine to be a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. In conclusion, the strategy used seems promising for identification of new diagnosis-specific cancer drugs.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Exogenous introduction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 reduces accelerated growth of TGF-β-disrupted diffuse-type gastric carcinoma.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer science. - : Wiley. - 1349-7006 .- 1347-9032. ; 101:11, s. 2398-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma is characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. High expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and thick stromal fibrosis are observed in this type of gastric carcinoma. We have previously shown that disruption of TGF-β signaling via introduction of a dominant negative form of the TGF-β type II receptor (dnTβRII) into diffuse-type gastric cancer cell lines, including OCUM-2MLN, caused accelerated tumor growth through induction of tumor angiogenesis in vivo. In the present study, we show that TGF-β induces upregulation of expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) in the OCUM-2MLN cell line in vitro, and that expression of TIMP2 is repressed by dnTβRII expression in vivo. Transplantation of the OCUM-2MLN cells to nude mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth in response to dnTβRII expression, which was completely abolished when TIMP2 was coexpressed with dnTβRII. Although the blood vessel density of TIMP2-expressing tumors was only slightly decreased, the degree of hypoxia in tumor tissues was significantly increased and pericytes covering tumor vasculature were decreased by TIMP2 expression in OCUM-2MLN cells, suggesting that the function of tumor vasculatures was repressed by TIMP2 and consequently tumor growth was reduced. These findings provide evidence that one of the mechanisms of the increase in angiogenesis in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma is the downregulation of the anti-angiogenic protein TIMP2.
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| 10. |
- Kanzaki, Ryu, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts : Opportunities for precision medicine
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Science. - : Wiley. - 1349-7006 .- 1347-9032. ; 111:8, s. 2708-2717
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite marked development in cancer therapies during recent decades, the prognosis for advanced cancer remains poor. The conventional tumor–cell-centric view of cancer can only explain part of cancer progression, and thus a thorough understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. Among cells within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are attracting attention as a target for cancer therapy. However, CAFs present a heterogeneous population of cells and more detailed classification of CAFs and investigation of functions of each subset is needed to develop novel CAF-targeted therapies. In this context, application of newly developed approaches to single-cell analysis has already made an impact on our understanding of the heterogeneity of CAFs. Here, we review the recent literature on CAF heterogeneity and function, and discuss the possibility of novel therapies targeting CAF subsets.
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