| 1. |
- Longinetti, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Physical and cognitive fitness in young adulthood and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at an early age
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - Stockholm : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 24:1, s. 137-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: There is a clinical impression that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have a higher level of physical fitness and lower body mass index (BMI) than average. However, there is a lack of literature examining the relationship between cognitive fitness and ALS risk. In this study we explored the associations of both physical and cognitive fitness with future risk of ALS.Methods: Data on physical fitness, BMI, intelligence quotient (IQ) and stress resilience were collected from 1 838 376 Swedish men aged 17-20 years at conscription during 1968-2010. Their subsequent ALS diagnoses were identified through the Swedish Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs from flexible parametric models were used to assess age-specific associations of physical fitness, BMI, IQ and stress resilience with ALS.Results: We identified 439 incident ALS cases during follow-up (mean age at diagnosis: 48 years). Individuals with physical fitness above the highest tertile tended to have a higher risk of ALS before the age of 45 years (range of HRs: 1.42-1.75; statistically significant associations at age 41-43 years) compared with others. Individuals with BMI ≥ 25 tended to have a lower risk of ALS at all ages (range of HRs: 0.42-0.80; statistically significant associations at age 42-48 years) compared with those with BMI < 25. Individuals with IQ above the highest tertile had a statistically significantly increased risk of ALS at an age of 56 years and above (range of HRs: 1.33-1.81), whereas individuals with stress resilience above the highest tertile had a lower risk of ALS at an age of 55 years and below (range of HRs: 0.47-0.73).Conclusions: Physical fitness, BMI, IQ and stress resilience in young adulthood might be associated with the development of ALS at an early age.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Brunnström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Cause of death in patients with dementia disorders.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 16, s. 488-492
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Investigations on cause of death may provide valuable information about life expectancy and on conditions of terminal dementia care, which perhaps can be ameliorated. Methods: The autopsy reports were studied on all patients (n = 524; 55.3% females; median age 80 years) with a clinically and neuropathologically diagnosed dementia disorder who underwent a complete autopsy at the University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, during 1974-2004. Results: The two most common causes of death were bronchopneumonia (38.4%) and ischaemic heart disease (23.1%), whilst neoplastic diseases were uncommon (3.8%). In a general population of elderly studied for comparison, bronchopneumonia accounted for 2.8%, ischaemic heart disease for 22.0%, and neoplasm for 21.3% of the deaths. Amongst the demented patients, circulatory and respiratory system diseases were the causes of death in 23.2% and 55.5% of the Alzheimer patients, respectively, whilst the corresponding figures were 54.8% and 33.1% for the patients with vascular dementia. Conclusions: In patients with dementia, pneumonia as the immediate cause of death may reflect a terminal stage in which patient care and feeding is difficult to manage well. Knowledge about what actually causes death is of value in the terminal care of patients with dementia disorders.
|
|
| 5. |
- Delavaran, Hossein, et al.
(författare)
-
Proximity of brain infarcts to regions of endogenous neurogenesis and involvement of striatum in ischaemic stroke.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Clinical stroke trials with stem cell-based approaches aiming for trophic actions, modulation of inflammation and neuroprotection are ongoing. However, experimental studies also suggest that neuronal replacement by grafted neural stem cells (NSCs) and possibly by endogenous NSCs from the subventricular zone (SVZ) may restore function in the stroke-damaged striatum. To evaluate the potential clinical impact of these findings, we analyzed the spatial relationship of infarcts to the SVZ and the proportion of individuals with striatal lesions in a consecutive series of ischaemic stroke patients. METHODS: Patients aged 20-75 years with first-ever ischaemic stroke underwent DW-MRI of the brain within 4 days after stroke onset. We analyzed location, size, number of acute focal ischaemic abnormalities and their spatial relationship to the SVZ. Stroke severity was assessed using NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). RESULTS: Of 108 included patients, the distance from the nearest margin of the infarct(s) to the SVZ was ≤2 mm in 51/102 patients with visible ischaemic lesions on DW-MRI. Twenty-four patients had involvement of striatum. Eight of these had predominantly striatal lesions, that is >50% of the total ischaemic lesion volume was located in caudate nucleus and/or putamen. These 8 patients had a median NIHSS of 3. CONCLUSIONS: Many stroke patients have infarcts located close to the SVZ, providing some supportive evidence that optimized endogenous neurogenesis may have therapeutic potential. However, predominantly striatal infarcts are rare and tend to give mild neurological deficits, indicating that striatum should not be the primary target for neuronal replacement efforts in humans.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
High-fat diet impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in male rats.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 13:12, s. 1385-1388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High fat diets and obesity pose serious health problems, such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Impaired cognitive function is also associated with high fat intake. In this study, we show that just 4 weeks of feeding a diet rich in fat ad libitum decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in male, but not female, rats. There was no obesity, but male rats fed a diet rich in fat exhibited elevated serum corticosterone levels compared with those fed standard rat chow. These data indicate that high dietary fat intake can disrupt hippocampal neurogenesis, probably through an increase in serum corticosterone levels, and that males are more susceptible than females.
|
|
| 8. |
- Nilsson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of MRI of the brain and spinal cord, and CSF examination for the diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis
- 2007
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 14:11, s. 1292-1295
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical applicability of the revised McDonald diagnostic criteria of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) was assessed in 17 patients with a longstanding PPMS diagnosis (mean 15 years). All patients were re-evaluated with clinical examinations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and the spinal cord, extensive laboratory tests, and 12 patients underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. No diagnosis more likely than PPMS was disclosed. All patients had brain and spinal cord lesions on MRI. In 15 patients the brain lesions and in 14 the spinal cord lesions fulfilled the revised McDonald criteria for positive scans. No contrast-enhancing lesion was observed despite administration of triple doses of gadolinium. In total, 12 patients fulfilled the revised McDonald MRI criteria for PPMS. Of the remaining five patients who incompletely fulfilled the revised MRI criteria, all had CSF findings supporting the diagnosis PPMS. Thus, CSF analysis was required in addition to MRI in about one-third of the patients to establish the diagnosis of PPMS.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nilsson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
Tumefactive demyelinating disease treated with decompressive craniectomy.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 16, s. 639-642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tumefactive demyelinating disease (TDD) is a rare primary demyelinating disease with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Methods and results: We report a 50-year old woman with TDD successfully treated with decompressive craniectomy and corticosteroids. The patient presented with seizures, subacute progressive hemispheric syndrome, and a tumourlike abnormality on MRI. Demyelinating disease was initially considered unlikely. Due to a rapidly evolving herniation syndrome hemicraniectomy was performed. Outcome was favourable with only very mild neurological deficits 6 weeks later. Conclusion: TDD should be considered as a differential diagnosis in tumour-like presentations, and appears to have distinctive neuroimaging features. In the advent of treatement failure from high dose corticosteroids and plasmapheresis and development of severe mass effect, decompressive hemicraniectomy is an important treatment option.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
