| 1. |
- Bara, Corinne, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Just Different Hats? Comparing UN and Non-UN Peacekeeping
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Peacekeeping. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1353-3312 .- 1743-906X. ; 27:3, s. 341-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past two decades, regional organizations and coalitions of states have deployed more peace operations than the UN. Yet most quantitative studies of peacekeeping effectiveness focus on UN peacekeeping exclusively, a decision owed to data availability more than to theories about the differential impact of UN and non-UN missions. As a result, we know little about the effectiveness of non-UN peacekeeping in mitigating violence. In this paper, we introduce and analyse monthly data on the approximate number of troops, police, and observers in both UN and non-UN peacekeeping operations between 1993 and 2016. Using these data, we show that when accounting for mission size and composition, UN and regional peacekeeping operations are equally effective in mitigating violence against civilians by governments, but only UN troops and police curb civilian targeting by non-state actors. We offer some theoretical reflections on these findings, but the main contribution of the article is the novel dataset on non-UN peacekeeping strength and personnel composition to overcome the near-exclusive focus on UN missions in the scholarship on peacekeeping effectiveness.
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| 2. |
- Bara, Corinne, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Ceasefires
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Peacekeeping. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1353-3312 .- 1743-906X. ; 28:3, s. 329-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Bergling, Per, 1967-
(författare)
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Adaptation, compensation and imposition : paradigms for purging the Bosnian judiciary
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Peacekeeping. - Oxon, UK : Routledge. - 1353-3312 .- 1743-906X. ; 15:3, s. 362-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Just as the international community was late in discovering the significance of the judiciary for the success of peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina, international agencies were also late in identifying corruption as a key reason why the Bosnian judicial agencies were not working. The steps taken eventually to address the situation, including introducing reformed judicial admission, discipline and dismissal regimes, were not strategic, but reactive in nature. Notably, the international community initially adhered to the idea that these reforms should be domestically 'owned' and 'led', and that the resulting laws should resonate well with pre-existing legal-cultural paradigms; but as this process did not produce the desired results, the Office of the High Representative and the Independent Judicial Commission chose gradually to increase their involvement, eventually assuming almost complete control over the process. The process culminated in the firing of almost the entire Bosnian judiciary and the imposition of an internationalized structure for judicial appointments and dismissals. Although this policy stood in stark contrast to the values of local ownership and local leadership, it has essentially produced positive long-term results.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Danielsson, Anna, 1980-
(författare)
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Informality and Peacebuilding : Field Notes on the Intrinsic Reproductive Principles of Informal Economic Practices in Post-Conflict Kosovo
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Peacekeeping. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1353-3312 .- 1743-906X. ; 23:1, s. 1-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Informal economies' relevance for peacebuilding is widely acknowledged. By providing an alternative interpretation in relation to the view that informality emerges in post-conflict environments due to the state's institutional weakness, this article contends that in Kosovo the principles of informality and its reproduction are inherent to informality itself. The article turns to the analytics of Pierre Bourdieu in order to reveal aspects of Kosovar informality left unexamined by established approaches. It illustrates how intrinsic inequalities and power relations constitute and reproduce informal economic practices throughout a circular rationale. Rather than a direct function of state weakness, informality in Kosovo is an effect of agents' engagement in knowledgeable and everyday practices. Agents' susceptibility contributes to the temporary fixing of meanings and doings that enable differentiations yet also interdependencies between relatively powerful and relatively powerless businesses. The article reflects on the implications of an intrinsic rationale for the politics of informality within peacebuilding operations.
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| 7. |
- Doeser, Fredrik, 1975-
(författare)
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Sweden's Participation in Operation Unified Protector : Obligations and Interests
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Peacekeeping. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1353-3312 .- 1743-906X. ; 21:5, s. 642-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the necessary conditions behind the decision made by the Government of Sweden to participate with fighter jets in the monitoring of the no-fly zone over Libya in March 2011. The article identifies five explanatory factors whose presence was necessary for Sweden's military contribution: a feeling of moral obligation to intervene on the part of the government; the international legal foundation for the operation; strong leadership provided by NATO; broad parliamentary support; and the availability of military capabilities.
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| 8. |
- Duursma, Allard, et al.
(författare)
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UN Peacekeeping at 75: Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Peacekeeping. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1353-3312 .- 1743-906X. ; 30:4, s. 415-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This year marks the 75th anniversary of what the UN itself understands to be its first peacekeeping operation. It is therefore an appropriate time to reflect on the track record of UN peacekeeping in its efforts to try to maintain and realize peace and security. Moreover, this milestone invites us to ponder what lies ahead in the realm of peacekeeping. For this reason, this forum article brings together both academics and UN officials to assess the achievements and challenges of UN peacekeeping over the past 75 years. Through a dialogue among peacekeeping scholars and practitioners, we hope to identify current trends and developments in UN peacekeeping, as well as explore priorities for the future to improve the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations in terms of achieving their mandate objectives, such as maintaining peace, protecting civilians, promoting human rights, and facilitating reconciliation. This forum article is structured into six thematic sections, each shedding light on various aspects of UN peacekeeping: (1) foundational principles of UN peacekeeping - namely, consent, impartiality, and the (non-)use of force; (2) protection of civilians; (3) the primacy of politics; (4) early warning; (5) cooperation with regional organizations; and (6) the changing geopolitical landscape in which UN peacekeeping operates.
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| 9. |
- Engelbrekt, Kjell, Professor, 1964-
(författare)
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Sweden’s 2017–18 UNSC Formula : Mobilizing the MFA’s Competitive Advantages, Highlighting Africa, and Boosting the E10
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Peacekeeping. - 1353-3312 .- 1743-906X. ; 30:3, s. 358-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines Sweden’s successful 2016 bid to serve at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and shows that the subsequent 2017–18 tenure relied on a formula with three key elements. One was to mobilize the competitive advantages of its Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), and a second to systematically highlight Africa-related priorities. A third element was to boost the standing of the E10 category of members in day-to-day diplomatic practice. After securing a plurality of votes in the General Assembly, Swedish diplomats went to work with a unique constellation of concurrently serving likeminded countries, generally receptive to Stockholm’s priorities. The formula appears to have contributed to a solid performance in 2017–2018. That said, the UNSC is not conducive to individual E10 members having a lasting impact on its institutional memory.
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| 10. |
- Gjevori, Elvin, et al.
(författare)
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Albanian peacekeepers : exploring the inward-looking utility of international peacekeeping
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Peacekeeping. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1353-3312 .- 1743-906X. ; 23:4, s. 513-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides the first comprehensive account of Albania's contribution to international peacekeeping and explores its inward-looking rationales for providing peacekeepers. Specifically, we examine why Albania has energetically supported NATO- and EU-led military and crisis management operations and less so UN peacekeeping missions. We find that Albania's contribution to peacekeeping operations has been primarily shaped by its inward-looking interests for accelerating membership in NATO, fostering integration in the EU, as well as reducing domestic and regional insecurities. Pinpointing accurately the motivations among troop-contributing states helps recover the true hierarchical order of rationales and explain why, in some cases, the performance and impact of peacekeeping operations for some contributing states is secondary. Overall, disentangling the inward-looking utility of peacekeeping by a small state such as Albania provides useful insights for understanding how regional integration dynamics affect peacekeeping.
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