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- Alem, Yonas, 1974
(författare)
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Poverty Persistence and Intra-Household Heterogeneity in Occupations: Evidence from Urban Ethiopia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Oxford Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0818 .- 1469-9966. ; 43:1, s. 20-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies of poverty in developing countries have to a great extent focussed on the characteristics of the household head and used these as proxies for the underlying ability of the household to generate income. This paper uses five rounds of panel data to investigate the persistence of poverty in urban Ethiopia, with a particular focus on the role of intra-household heterogeneity in occupations. Dynamic probit and system generalised method of moments regression results suggest that international remittances and labour market status of non-head household members are important determinants of households’ poverty status. Results also show that controlling for these variables and the “initial conditions problem” encountered in nonlinear dynamic probit models reduces the magnitude of estimated poverty persistence significantly for urban Ethiopia. These findings have important implications for identifying the poor and formulating effective poverty reduction and targeting strategies.
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| 2. |
- Bergh, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Globalization and institutional quality - A panel data analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Oxford Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0818 .- 1469-9966. ; 42:3, s. 365-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedUsing data on institutional quality and the KOF Globalization Index, we examine over 100 countries from 1992 to 2010 to analyse the relationship between economic and social globalization and six measures of institutional quality, thereby testing Montesquieu's doux commerce thesis, that economic and social interaction lead to improved institutional quality. Results suggest that increasing economic flows and social globalization associate with improving institutions in rich countries, while correlations are negative in poor countries. Our findings also indicate that the negative relationship in poor countries relates to the abundance of natural resources, and should not be interpreted as a causal effect. In summary, results are consistent with the doux commerce thesis but also suggest that the previous findings of positive effects of trade on institutional quality are driven by the relationship in rich countries. We should not expect globalization alone to mitigate the adverse effects of the resource curse in developing countries
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| 3. |
- Isaksson, Ann-Sofie, 1980
(författare)
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Unequal Property Rights: A Study of Land Right Inequalities in Rwanda
- 2015
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Ingår i: Oxford Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0818 .- 1469-9966. ; 43, s. 60-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2014, © 2014 Oxford Department of International Development. Most measures of inequality focus on the distribution of income and resources. A potentially important additional source of inequality stems from unequal property rights protection. The aim of the present paper was to examine the existence and patterns of systematic within-country inequalities in effective land rights in Rwanda. While a large qualitative literature discusses the comparative land rights of different groups, there is a lack of systematic quantitative evidence on the existence of land right inequalities. The results of estimations drawing on data on the land tenure arrangements of over 17000 Rwandan households do indeed suggest within-country inequalities in land rights. In particular, despite recent reform efforts to improve women's land rights, a gender gap in land rights was observed that persisted throughout the 2005–2011 period studied, highlighting that institutional development takes time and that changes in de jure legislation do not automatically translate into changes in effective rights. Moreover, conflict-displaced households and households resettled to newly constructed village settlements all report weaker land rights than their respective comparison groups.
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| 4. |
- Long, Vicky, et al.
(författare)
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An Indigenous Innovation : An Example from Mobile Communication Technology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oxford Development Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1360-0818 .- 1469-9966. ; 44:1, s. 113-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the processes of indigenous (global South) innovation, particularly of the “high-tech” and “radical” kind, which have spurred technological catch-up, using the example of a third-generation (3G) Chinese mobile communications technology standard. Three hypotheses were generated from this study: (a) modularity-in-design opens new windows of opportunity for technological catching-up; (b) the lack of essential intellectual property rights acts as a key inducement, or a factor-saving bias, that influences the rate and direction of indigenous innovation in the global South; and (c) the long tail of an old technology affects the take-off of a new indigenous innovation, essentially by shortening the technological distance to be covered.
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