| 1. |
- Johansson, Bengt
(författare)
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Transportation fuels from Swedish biomass - environmental and cost aspects
- 1996
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Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part D: Transport and Environment. - 1361-9209. ; 1:1, s. 47-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, technical and economic prerequisites to attain reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions through the use of biomass-based energy carriers in the transportation sector are studied. CO2 emission reduction per unit of land used for biomass production as well as costs for CO2 emission reduction are estimated when substituting rape methyl ester, biogas from lucerne, ethanol from wheat and ethanol, methanol and hydrogen from Salix (willow) and logging residues for petrol and diesel. Other environmental impacts resulting from an increased use of biomass-based energy carriers are briefly discussed. The study shows that the transportation fuels based on Salix will provide the largest CO2 reduction per hectare. For the technologies assumed to be available in 5–10 yr time, the costs for CO2 reduction will be lowest for methanol from Salix and logging residues; USD 230–430/tonne C at current biomass costs and USD 180–340/tonne C at estimated biomass costs around 2015, when used instead of petrol in internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Using biomass-based methanol in ICEVs will, at current biomass costs, result in 5–10% higher kilometre costs than for petrol-fuelled vehicles, and at estimated biomass costs around 2015, 4–8% higher costs, excluding fuel taxes. If on-going development is successful, ethanol from cellulosic feedstocks might achieve costs for CO2 reduction that are similar or lower than for methanol when the fuels are used in ICEVs, but the uncertainties are large. Ethanol is, however, in contrast to methanol, not a suitable fuel for fuel-cell electric vehicles. Biomass-based energy carriers used in battery or fuel-cell powered electric vehicles would provide twice the amount of transportation work per unit of biomass than if used in ICEVs.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Travel behaviour and environmental concern
- 2000
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Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part D: Transport and Environment. - 1361-9209. ; Part D:5, s. 211-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two empirical studies, the impact of attitudes and environmental knowledge on driving distance, travel behaviour and acceptance of various traffic restrictions was investigated. The first study included the population in Lund, southern Sweden, and the second the politicians and civil servants responsible for transports and environment in the same city. Comparisons of the two samples revealed similar psychological processes, including environmental concern, hazard/efficacy perception and car affection, whereas environmental knowledge seemed to have a subordinate role. Preferences of restrictions differed somewhat between the public, and the politicians and civil servants. It is suggested that local implementation of new strategies to reduce private car driving might benefit from a better understanding of what will be accepted among the public. Further, in promoting pro-environmental travel behaviour it may be important to focus on basic attitudes, rather than to rely solely on factual information.
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| 3. |
- Andre, M., et al.
(författare)
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Driving speeds in Europe for pollutant emissions estimation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 5:5, s. 321-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sensitivity of the pollutant emissions as regards the driving speed is demonstrated using emission functions currently available from the literature. An accurate and detailed knowledge of the actual driving speeds is then fundamental for emissions estimations and inventories. However, speed information is often limited and heterogeneous. Through a European synthesis, we examine the various means of investigations: surveys, vehicle instrumentation, traffic modelling, etc. The available statistics provide a high number of reference values for passenger cars and duty vehicles by broad categories and highlight the influence of numerous factors on speed: time period, city size and area, trips origin and destination and vehicle types. Speed estimations and ranges are proposed for the driving in urban areas, on rural roads and on motorways. The significant variations of the speed according to the time of the day, to the areas of a city, and the large dispersion for a given situation raise the question of using single average values. In fact, emissions estimation can be affected by 30% by the quality of the driving speed data. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.The sensitivity of the pollutant emissions as regards the driving speed is demonstrated using emission functions currently available from the literature. An accurate and detailed knowledge of the actual driving speeds is then fundamental for emissions estimations and inventories. However, speed information is often limited and heterogeneous. Through a European synthesis, we examine the various means of investigations: surveys, vehicle instrumentation, traffic modelling, etc. The available statistics provide a high number of reference values for passenger cars and duty vehicles by broad categories and highlight the influence of numerous factors on speed: time period, city size and area, trips origin and destination and vehicle types. Speed estimations and ranges are proposed for the driving in urban areas, on rural roads and on motorways. The significant variations of the speed according to the time of the day, to the areas of a city, and the large dispersion for a given situation raise the question of using single average values. In fact, emissions estimation can be affected by 30% by the quality of the driving speed data.
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| 4. |
- Höjer, Mattias
(författare)
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Transport telematics in urban systems : A backcasting Delphi study
- 1998
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 3:6, s. 445-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper includes a presentation of the results from a scenario study on transport telematics in urban passenger transport. An international Delphi panel of 100 experts from 20 countries replied to questions on the feasibility and impact of a restricted number of different technical scenarios. The results show that most experts see substantial potential for limiting certain transport problems if there is broad implementation of transport telematics as described in this study. The majority of experts favoured a scenario based on extended public transport information. In that scenario, environmental gains were in practice paid for in terms of less comfortable trips and longer travel times.
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| 5. |
- Abbasi, Maisam, et al.
(författare)
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Developing environmentally sustainable logistics : exploring themes and challenges from a logistics service providers' perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 46, s. 273-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore themes and challenges in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities. The approach is explorative with a cross sectional design that takes advantage of ten case studies out of selected logistics service providers (LSPs) operating primarily in the Scandinavian countries The findings illustrate the major themes by analyzing current and future activities in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities. In addition, four categories of challenges are identified: customer priorities, managerial complexity, network imbalance, and technological and legislative uncertainties. It is concluded that there is a great need for a holistic perspective where LSPs and product owners together analyze and design future logistical setups The suggested holistic and integrative model, building on a three-dimensional concurrent engineering framework, provides new opportunities for research. Further research is needed to improve the interrelationship between LSPs and their customers in the development of sustainable logistical solutions This paper puts forward recommendations for the sustainable development of logistics by combining the results from the case studies with a review of related literature. This will be beneficial for managers and policy makers when they approach sustainable logistical challenges. The emergence and synthesis of themes and challenges are critical for a sustainable society. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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| 6. |
- Ager-Wick Ellingsen, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of battery electric buses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209. ; 112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different Li-ion battery technologies and sizes are used in battery electric buses (BEBs), but little is known about the environmental effect of various battery technology and sizing alternatives. In a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of seven BEBs, we consider three battery technologies combined with relevant pack sizes to evaluate the size and range effect. The environmental performance of the BEBs was assessed over the typical length of a bus tender of 10 years as well as an extended lifetime of 20 years. Across six environmental impact categories we found that the size and range effect depends to a large extent on the performance of the battery technology and that a smaller battery size of the same technology is not necessarily environmentally preferable. Furthermore, extending the BEB lifetime from 10 to 20 years changes the environmental performance as well as relative contributions to environmental impact potentials for the various BEB alternatives.
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| 7. |
- Ager-Wick Ellingsen, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of battery electric buses (vol 112, 103498, 2022)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corrigendum to “Life cycle assessment of battery electric buses” [Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 112 (2022) 103498]
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| 8. |
- Aldenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Electric buses in Sweden and England - overcoming barriers to implementation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209. ; 104:103204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric buses can improve the environmental performance of public transport. Yet, introducing electric buses brings novel challenges, such as requirements for operational changes, new forms of institutional collaboration, increased investment costs and technological concerns. This paper investigates these challenges and strategies for managing them by comparing experiences of electric bus implementation in English and Swedish cities. The comparative approach enabled us to understand the influence of governance context, organisational practices and relations between stakeholders. The comparison shows that experiences by involved stakeholders are highly context dependant. Financial and regulatory support from the national government, along with passenger demand and route characteristics had significant influence on the implementation. However, the relationship between stakeholders involved and the division of responsibility emerged as central factors to overcome challenges – the most important being the development of functioning collaboration between the stakeholders.
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| 9. |
- Altuntas Vural, Ceren, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable brand positioning by container shipping firms: Evidence from social media communications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209. ; 97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study contributes to shipping research by profiling container shipping lines with respect to their sustainability related brand positioning strategies through their social media communications. Longitudinal content analysis is combined with multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to map branding strategies of selected lines in relation to the triple bottom line (TBL) dimensions and functional versus emotional sustainability benefits. Results indicate that shipping lines position their brands closer to either economic or environmental sustainability where a win-win focus in the messages is highly prevalent. Social sustainability constitutes a market gap and an opportunity for the sustainability positioning of these brands. Furthermore, despite a few that recognize the potential in emotional benefits, majority of the lines use functional sustainability benefits in brand positioning. Emotional sustainability benefits provide wider opportunities with respect to brand differentiation and effective customer engagement in shipping lines’ sustainability initiatives.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Alfred
(författare)
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Is climate morality the answer? Preconditions affecting the motivation to decrease private car use
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209. ; 78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persuasive messages are commonly used in campaigns promoting sustainable transport to motivate people to reduce private car use. This paper explores the preconditions affecting the motivation of people to reduce private car use when exposed to such messages. A sample of 1100 Swedish residents was analysed for the effect of variables related to accessibility, usual commute mode and attitudes. Significant variables were used to create a precondition index, which was cross-tabulated with demographic variables and stages drawn from the transtheoretical model. The results show that there are differences in the preconditions regarding motivation to reduce private car use between segments of the population. Results indicate that climate morality is the most critical factor affecting motivation, specifically the motivation of persistent drivers. Usual commute mode, car advocacy, health concern, attitudes towards cycling, car identity and travel time also influence motivation. Males, the middle-aged, people with low educational attainment, and rural residents have the least favourable preconditions concerning motivation to reduce private car use.
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