| 1. |
- Berggren, Christian, 1950-
(författare)
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Global dreams - local teams : rhetoric and realitites of transnational innovation
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - 1363-9196 .- 1757-5877. ; 8:No. 2, s. 115-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article challenges of transnational innovation and global project teams as imperatives for modern management of innovation. Proceeding from an account of the localised dynamics of a radical technology innovation project in the early 1970s, the article reviews the strategy theorists of the 1990s, who proclaimed the virtues of cross-border innovation processes. Their expectations of international synergies and world-wide learning are confronted with the realities and local harvesting in a transatlantic innovation project at a European multinational. An account follows of a radical innovation project at the firm, which was the scene of the introductory study. Now, 25 years later this industrial technology company had become part of a far-flung multinational, which according to popular management theorists was the model of international innovation. The case account highlights the surprising similarities between the two projects, and the sustained importance of intensive local interaction oand commitment in uncertain innovation projects.
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| 2. |
- Emanuelson, I, et al.
(författare)
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Late outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Pediatric rehabilitation. - 1363-8491. ; 2:2, s. 65-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Eighteen surviving adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury were re-examined a mean period of 7.1 years after their trauma in order to determine their life situation, motor, cognitive functions and pattern of handicap. METHODS: A structured interview, the EB test of motor function, Ravens's progressive matrices, Peabody's neuropsychological test, SPIQ and the WHO classification of handicap were used. RESULTS: The group had a mean WHO Classification of Handicap score of 1.61 (SD 1.60) revealing mild handicap, and performed as a group significantly subnormal (p < 0.0001) in gross motor, fine motor, sensibility and perception sub-tests. The EB test revealed a mean value of 2.23 (SD 0.89) corresponding to mild disability. The mean non-verbal IQ score of 93.1 (SD 13.9) and the verbal score of 93.4 (SD 14.8) were within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: Only 28% of the group of surviving adolescent TBI victims functioned within normal limits. The most crucial disabling component was poor social integration, which was clearly demonstrated in the WHO score.
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| 3. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Architectural or modular innovation? Managing discontinuous product development in response to challenging environmental performance targets
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - London : Imperial collage press. - 1363-9196 .- 1757-5877. ; 7:1, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By adopting challenging targets on environmental performance, pro-active industrial firms may push themselves towards discontinuous product innovation. Such innovation can be understood as being either architectural, i.e. arranging components in new ways, or modular, i.e. introducing new technologies in specific components or subsystems. We argue that these two dimensions of discontinuous change call for some specific managerial responses. Architectural innovation challenges the whole engineering organisation, making it necessary to focus development efforts on technological interfaces, whereas modular innovation has a more isolated effect, making specialisation and co-ordination over organisational boundaries particularly important. Altogether, our analysis highlights the importance of adapting the project organisation to the development task and addressing part-whole relationships when managing innovation in established products and systems, something that becomes increasingly important in the strive towards sustainable development.
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Staffan K., et al.
(författare)
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Iron deficiency in infancy : current insights
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 24:3, s. 240-245
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency and infants are at particular risk. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies that explored the metabolism of iron in infants as well as the risks and benefits of iron supplementation in different populations.RECENT FINDINGS: The ability of infants to regulate iron homeostasis is not fully known but most likely different from adults. Reducing iron deficiency has beneficial effects on neurodevelopment but iron overload may have adverse functional effects including diarrhea and even poor neurodevelopment. Recent studies have confirmed benefits of delayed cord clamping and supplementation of infants in risk groups while iron supplementation to pregnant women has shown limited effect in the offspring with regard to iron status and neurodevelopment. Further support is given to the recommendation that exclusive breast feeding, without supplementation, is safe for normal birth weight infants until 6 months whereafter an iron-rich diet should be given.SUMMARY: Iron deficiency negatively impacts global health but efforts to identify optimal interventions are progressing. Yet, questions remain, particularly regarding long-term risks, benefits and optimal interventions for low birth weight infants as well as the level of iron fortification in infant formula.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting iron needs for infants and children
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 17:3, s. 267-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of reviewIron deficiency early in life is associated with impaired neurological development. This study reviews the latest research on how to best meet iron requirements in infants and children.Recent findingsThere is concurrent evidence that delayed cord clamping is well tolerated and improves infant iron stores. Iron supplements or enriched complementary foods starting before 6 months of life do not reduce iron deficiency prevalence in low-risk populations. However, for low birth weight infants, iron supplements before 6 months of life have long-term benefits. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during the second half year of life is rare in countries with high compliance to iron-rich complementary foods, but remains a major problem globally. In high-risk populations, iron supplementation reduces IDA and possibly improves growth. However, increased risk of infections is a concern and optimal preventive strategies have not yet been determined. Finally, there is concurrent evidence that iron supplementation of anaemic school-aged children reduces IDA and possibly improves neuropsychological outcomes.SummaryInterventions for prevention of iron deficiency should be prioritized in risk groups. However, the unclear long-term benefits and possible risk of adverse effects, particularly increased infections in developing countries, prompt further large-scale, double-blinded trials.
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| 6. |
- Bjermo, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Role of hepatic desaturases in obesity-related metabolic disorders
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 13:6, s. 703-708
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to address the latest research on hepatic desaturases and metabolic disorders, with focus on stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) indices in observational studies. RECENT FINDINGS: In animal studies, SCD-1 inhibition protects against features of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with improved hepatic insulin resistance and decreased steatosis. In human observational studies, higher estimated hepatic SCD-1 and Δ6-desaturase activities predict the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and mortality whereas Δ5-desaturase index is often inversely related. However, because the desaturase activities in the liver and adipose tissue may not be regulated in parallel, it is important to define used lipid fractions when comparing studies. It is also important to take the background diets of the populations into account when comparing studies. Moreover, there may be a divergence in desaturase regulation depending on glycaemic control among individuals. SUMMARY: Increased SCD-1 indices reflecting liver desaturase activity have been associated with insulin resistance, fatty liver, the metabolic syndrome and mortality. However, it remains to be determined if high hepatic SCD-1 activity plays a direct role in the development of metabolic disorders or rather is a marker for an unfavourable diet or hepatic insulin resistance.
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| 7. |
- Castro Alves, Victor, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Lipidomics in nutrition research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 25:5, s. 311-318
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on the recent findings from lipidomics studies as related to nutrition and health research.RECENT FINDINGS: Several lipidomics studies have investigated malnutrition, including both under- and overnutrition. Focus has been both on the early-life nutrition as well as on the impact of overfeeding later in life. Multiple studies have investigated the impact of different macronutrients in lipidome on human health, demonstrating that overfeeding with saturated fat is metabolically more harmful than overfeeding with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate-rich food. Diet rich in saturated fat increases the lipotoxic lipids, such as ceramides and saturated fatty-acyl-containing triacylglycerols, increasing also the low-density lipoprotein aggregation rate. In contrast, diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as n-3 fatty acids, decreases the triacylglycerol levels, although some individuals are poor responders to n-3 supplementation.SUMMARY: The results highlight the benefits of lipidomics in clinical nutrition research, also providing an opportunity for personalized nutrition. An area of increasing interest is the interplay of diet, gut microbiome, and metabolome, and how they together impact individuals' responses to nutritional challenges.
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| 8. |
- Cederholm, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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A year with the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition : does it work for older persons?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 24:1, s. 4-9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of review In early 2019, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) concept was published advocating a two-step procedure, that is, screening followed by confirmation of the malnutrition diagnosis requiring a combination of phenotypic and etiologic criteria. This review summarizes 14 publications that have applied the GLIM criteria in older populations. Recent findings Four studies miss data on muscle mass. The mandatory screening appears missing in some studies. Two studies report that criterion validity is fair to good when compared with Subjective Global Assessment as semigold standard. Most studies report strong predictive validity when mortality is used as outcome. Not unexpectedly malnutrition relates strongly to sarcopenia as low muscle mass is a GLIM criterion. Overall, the lack of guidance on how to assess muscle mass and disease burden/inflammation in the original GLIM publication provides uncertainties on how to interpret the results. Fourteen exclusively retrospective studies in older adult cohorts are summarized. In several cases, the data sets are imperfect or incomplete. Still, criterion and predictive validity for GLIM appears well acceptable when applied for older adults. Continuing global implementation efforts are justified. The GLIM consortium needs to provide guidance on assessment of muscle mass and disease burden/inflammation. Moreover, further prospective validation studies are needed to add knowledge for the future GLIM format updates.
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| 9. |
- Cederholm, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing : biology and nutrition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 16:1, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Cederholm, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Are omega-3 fatty acids options for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 13:2, s. 150-155
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To report recent data on the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) found in oily fish, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to prevent and treat cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Observational studies still provide conflicting results, in which the majority indicate beneficial effects on cognition, both when assessed as a continuous variable or as incident dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease. Experimental studies have demonstrated potentially ameliorating effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA on amyloid fragment formation, signal transduction including upregulation of the apolipoprotein receptor SorLA, as well as on angiogenesis. The role of EPA and DHA metabolites on Alzheimer's disease pathology is under investigation. Recently, three randomized intervention studies, with duration up to 6 months have been reported. In contrast to a small study from Taiwan, no positive overall effects were reported from the Swedish OmegAD Study or from a Dutch study, although post hoc analyses indicate that selected individuals with mild forms of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline may respond to treatment. SUMMARY: No firm conclusions can be drawn. Based on epidemiological data, fish including oily fish could be advised as part of a balanced diet for public health purpose, although the evidence for better cognition is only fairly consistent. It is unlikely that n-3 FA will emerge as a treatment option in general for improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. n-3 FA, especially DHA, may turn out as an adjuvant therapy in selected cases. Further long-term intervention studies on individuals with mild cognitive reductions are awaited.
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