| 1. |
- Almqvist, Jessica
(författare)
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Enforcing the Responsibility to Protect Through Solidarity Measures
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-053X .- 1364-2987. ; 19:8, s. 1002-1016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responsibility to Protect (R2P) provides a moral basis for collective action through the UN Security Council in reaction to mass atrocity situations. However, this avenue is not always available. The question then arises whether other actors can and should assume responsibility in such circumstances and, if so, which kinds of measures they may pursue. The present article examines this question with a specific interest in the international reactions to the Syrian crisis since 2011. The analysis proceeds on the assumption that the growing usage of solidarity measures outside the UN framework is a sign of the relative success of R2P in terms of gaining ground among international policy-makers. However, according to the article, if solidarity measures as a way of enforcing R2P are to achieve widespread legitimacy, consideration must be paid to the legal concerns generated by this development. In particular, regard must be had to the compatibility of the measures pursued, including asset freeze, arms embargoes and the arming of rebel forces with the law in force.
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| 2. |
- Bezbozhna, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Note from the field : Applying a ‘human rights cognitive style’ in the Raoul Wallenberg Institute’s work on human rights education with universities
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-053X .- 1364-2987. ; 21:3, s. 342-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This note draws on both the Raoul Wallenberg Institute’s (RWI) international cooperation programmes with universities to advance human rights education and the concepts of a ‘human rights cognitive style’ and ‘local cognitive style’ as developed by Benjamin Gregg in his recent theory of The Human Rights State (2016). We analyse how to facilitate positive attitudinal change towards human rights across a range of different university actors, including students, teachers and managers. By drawing on examples from RWI’s recent work, we then explore how educational efforts-especially teaching-and dialogue with local partners can be constructed in a way that facilitates the local embrace of human rights yet without thereby compromising international human rights standards. We argue that attitudinal change on an individual level, a focus on the local context and international standards are the key prerequisites for a free local embrace of human rights as well as for advancing a human rights culture around the world.
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| 3. |
- Georgi, Richard, 1987
(författare)
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The human rights project and the transformation of social (B)orders: On the political nature of human rights activism in the wake of the Zapatista uprising
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-2987 .- 1744-053X. ; 21:3, s. 270-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benjamin Gregg proposes the normative ideal of the human rights state as a means towards advancing his vision of the human rights project that locates the validity of human rights in their addressees. Reviewing the prerequisites for participating in the human rights state in the context of post-colonial societies, I argue that the human rights project requires a profound transformation of the social order towards an inclusive, rights-based system that empowers subaltern communities to author and claim their own human rights. Yet, I will show as with respect to the marginalisation of indigenous communities and the Zapatista uprising in Mexico that social transformation in the name of human rights is politically contested and not intrinsically inclusive and reconciling. Human rights activists apply securitising strategies that mobilise support by invoking a threatening Other and reinforcing social antagonisms, but also rely on de-securitising strategies to forge alliance across social borders. Drawing on Ernesto Laclau’s theory of the split between politics and the political, I will argue for integrating into the human rights state framework a theoretical perspective that grasps the political nature of human rights activism and its consequences in conflicts. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 4. |
- Hoddy, E., et al.
(författare)
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Human rights leadership in challenging times : an agenda for research and practice
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-2987 .- 1744-053X. ; 27:4, s. 635-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership is as an integral part of organisational practice that relates to individual or collectivistic forms of decision-making and action that include strategic decision-making, such as how issues are communicated or ‘framed’, and how risk is managed. This article applies a systematic scoping review approach to understand the scope of scholarly literature on human rights leadership and assess its volume and focus. We find that there is little in the human rights practice literature that deals directly and explicitly with leadership. Further, the human rights practice literature gives little insight into how leadership can be supported and strengthened. In light of these gaps, we set out some research and practice directions that can inform a new agenda on human rights leadership. We draw on theories, concepts, frameworks and approaches from leadership work outside of human rights practice that might give shape to a new leadership agenda. In doing so, we propose several clusters of questions that might guide research on leadership as a crosscutting theme in human rights practice. The urgency for a new agenda on leadership is reflected, we suggest, in recent high-profile cases of leadership failures and the need for human rights leadership for confronting global challenges.
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| 5. |
- Johansson Dahre, Ulf, Docent, 1959-
(författare)
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Searching for a middle ground : anthropologists and the debate on the universalism and the cultural relativism of human rights.
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-2987 .- 1744-053X. ; 21:5, s. 611-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the anthropological debate on human rights a new theoretical approach, a search for a middle ground, has been attempted to solve the dilemma of universalism versus cultural relativism. In the human rights discussion in general, and in the anthropological debate in particular, the dichotomy of universalism/relativism is seen as one major obstacle to the implementation. This article takes a critical outlook at this discussion in anthropology, arguing that there is no such middle ground between universalism and cultural relativism, neither in relation to the definition of the rights, nor the implementation. Instead, this article attempts, through an example from Borneo, to point the way to a human rights theory, called relative universalism of human rights. This is a theoretical approach integrating universalism and cultural relativism instead of trying to find some moral space in-between.
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| 6. |
- Johansson Dahre, Ulf, Docent, 1959-
(författare)
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The Politics of Human Rights : Indigenous Peoples and the Conflict on Collective Human Rights.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-2987 .- 1744-053X. ; 12:1, s. 41-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human rights are not apart, above or outside social, cultural and political relations. The human rights discourse is creating and constituting social relations according to the visions on which the discourse is based. This argument has been illustrated by an empirical study of the political dispute regarding collective cultural rights of Native Hawai'ians. This political dispute shows that the human rights discourse, while implying a level political field, restates and takes conflicts to other arenas. It illustrates the many ways human rights and collective cultural rights are taken up in politics, and how they are viewed as utilities for social emancipation and political strategy. The article shows that recourse to the human rights discourse does not necessarily end political conflict. Human rights become objects for political conflict. The question of Native Hawai'ian cultural rights and sovereignty has been simmering since the US led the overthrow of the Hawai'ian monarchy in 1893 and the annexation of Hawai'i five years later in 1898. During the last decades demands for cultural recognition and sovereignty for Hawai'i have been renewed and taken to the political frontline. This period has also seen a renaissance of Native Hawai'ian culture, language and identity. A common strategy for the different sovereignty groups is to use culture as a political strategy in claiming human rights and political sovereignty.
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| 7. |
- Johansson Dahre, Ulf, Docent, 1959-
(författare)
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There are no such things as universal human rights - on the predicament of indigenous peoples, for example.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-2987 .- 1744-053X. ; 14:5, s. 641-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a gap between the normative ideas of universal human rights and social practice. This discrepancy in the human rights field is analysed in relation to the contemporary social and political marginalisation of indigenous peoples. The problem is analysed from the theoretical approach known as 'communitarian pragmatism'. Discrimination and oppression of indigenous peoples is still widespread, despite the global democratisation initiatives and the political and legal adoption of human rights principles. Based on several years of fieldwork on indigenous peoples and human rights, this paper argues that there are no such things as 'universal human rights'. The reason why human rights is not an adequate instrument is that the universalism of human rights focuses on a cosmopolitan individual, who is detached from his/her cultural and social context. However, indigenous peoples, like most other persons, live their lives in local social circumstances. The solution to this problem, it is argued, is that human rights have to be locally grounded to be a relevant instrument for social change.
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| 8. |
- Lalander, Rickard
(författare)
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Ethnic rights and the dilemma of extractive development in plurinational Bolivia
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-2987 .- 1744-053X. ; 21:4, s. 464-481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bolivian constitution of 2009 has been classified as one of the most progressive in the world regarding indigenous rights. The indigenous principles of Suma Qamaña/Vivir Bien/Good Living on the harmonious relationship between humans and nature are established in the constitution. Nonetheless, these rights clash with the constitutionally recognised rights of the nation state to extract and commercialise natural resources (mainly hydrocarbons and mining) under the banner of redistributive justice, welfare reforms and the common good, in this study labelled the dilemma of extractive development. The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and combines a political economy perspective on the extractive dilemma, while similarly examining the tensions between ethnically defined rights in relation to broader human rights in terms of values and norms related to welfare and conditions of living. The ethnic identity is multifaceted in Bolivia. Large segments of the indigenous population prefer to identify in class terms. The class-ethnicity tensions have altered throughout history, according to changing socio-economic, cultural and political settings. A central argument is that, during Evo Morales' presidency, class-based human rights in practice tend to be superior to the ethnically defined rights, as a reflection of the dilemma of extractive development.
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| 9. |
- Löfquist, Lars, 1975-
(författare)
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Is there a universal human right to electricity?
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-2987 .- 1744-053X. ; 24:6, s. 711-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article considers three answers to the question whether electricity access should be a universal human right. A first position is that there is no human right to electricity but perhaps contractual rights related to various societies. A second position is that electricity is a derived human right, a right based on other rights, grounded on rights such as the right to adequate housing. A third position is that there is a universal human right to electricity. It is argued that the second position is the strongest since it supports the idea that humans often need access to electricity but avoids the stronger claim that all humans must have this access. The latter claim faces the challenge that rights language should focus on the needs of humans and not be extended too far to include everything that could be beneficial for humans. Such an extension might diminish the attention on the actual aim of human rights: That all humans should have a good enough life.
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| 10. |
- Mares, Radu
(författare)
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Regulating transnational corporations at the United Nations – the negotiations of a treaty on business and human rights
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Rights. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-053X .- 1364-2987. ; 26:9, s. 1522-1546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The United Nations is the arena for a renewed push to regulate transnational corporations (TNCs) and their supply chains. This article analyses the ongoing efforts of a multilateral organization to strengthen the human rights legal framework, especially the design choices posed by the treaty negotiations as well as the role of the UN Human Rights Council in the broader regulatory ecosystem around TNCs. Is there complementarity or conflict among on-going initiatives to regulate TNCs? Is there continuity or fracture in the successive waves of UN attempts to legalize TNC responsibilities? The analytical lenses are human rights due diligence with an emphasis on root causes, which is a gateway for exploring more systemic interventions. Thus, deeper causes of harm identifiable in global supply chains operations are identified and systematically compared to see how public and private norm-setters take them into account or downplay them. For this purpose, the article draws on treaty drafts and reports from the UN Intergovernmental Working Group and materials from four other areas: responsible business conduct, due diligence laws, the UN Guiding Principles, and the UN’s earlier efforts at TNC regulation.
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