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| 2. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Why Are Self-Report and Behavioral Measures Weakly Correlated?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 24:4, s. 267-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating evidence indicates weak correlations between self-report and behavioral measures of the same construct. We suggest that these weak correlations result from the poor reliability of many behavioral measures and the distinct response processes involved in the two measurement types. We also describe how researchers can benefit from appropriate use of these measures.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Guitart-Masip, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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Action versus valence in decision making
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 18:4, s. 194-202
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selection of actions, and the vigor with which they are executed, are influenced by the affective valence of predicted outcomes. This interaction between action and valence significantly influences appropriate and inappropriate choices and is implicated in the expression of psychiatric and neurological abnormalities, including impulsivity and addiction. We review a series of recent human behavioral, neuroimaging, and pharmacological studies whose key design feature is an orthogonal manipulation of action and valence. These studies find that the interaction between the two is subject to the critical influence of dopamine. They also challenge existing views that neural representations in the striatum focus on valence, showing instead a dominance of the anticipation of action.
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| 5. |
- Klingberg, T
(författare)
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Childhood cognitive development as a skill
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-307X .- 1364-6613. ; 18:11, s. 573-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Klingberg, T
(författare)
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Training and plasticity of working memory
- 2010
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-307X .- 1364-6613. ; 14:7, s. 317-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Millroth, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitiva Speciebus : Towards a Linnaean Approach to Cognition
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 25:3, s. 173-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research points to the limitations of approaches to decision-making, that rest on general ‘Newtonian principles’ derived from unitary a priori conceptions of rationality. To understand how the mind exploits environments, we instead propose a process of more open-ended discovery and systematization in the mold of Linnaeus’s famous taxonomy of plants.
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| 8. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Memory aging and brain maintenance
- 2012
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 16:5, s. 292-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Episodic memory and working memory decline with advancing age. Nevertheless, large-scale population-based studies document well-preserved memory functioning in some older individuals. The influential 'reserve' notion holds that individual differences in brain characteristics or in the manner people process tasks allow some individuals to cope better than others with brain pathology and hence show preserved memory performance. Here, we discuss a complementary concept, that of brain maintenance (or relative lack of brain pathology), and argue that it constitutes the primary determinant of successful memory aging. We discuss evidence for brain maintenance at different levels: cellular, neurochemical, gray- and white-matter integrity, and systems-level activation patterns. Various genetic and lifestyle factors support brain maintenance in aging and interventions may be designed to promote maintenance of brain structure and function in late life.
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| 9. |
- Olofsson, Jonas K., et al.
(författare)
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Olfactory Language : Context Is Everything
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 25:6, s. 419-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sense of smell, olfaction, is currently in the spotlight. Although often a neglected sense, smell loss and smell distortions due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased public awareness of olfaction and its role in health, well-being, and nutrition. In this unusual context, Majid provides a timely, well written, and thought-provoking review of olfaction and its cognitive aspects. Majid focuses on how smells are expressed in languages around the world, yet the review covers a vast literature that includes also experimental, cognitive, and biological fields. The thrust of the argument is directed against a perceived dogma; that ‘there is no language of smell and humans are bad at naming odors’. Majid argues that this dogma is refuted by cross-cultural research and concludes that ‘rather than focusing on constrained experimental tasks’, olfactory language should be studied in terms of ‘how people across the globe use, manipulate and talk about odors in their day-to-day contexts’. Later, we show how empirical and theoretical considerations lead us to partly different conclusions. Empirically, we believe that odor naming remains poorer than naming in other senses and that careful laboratory experiments will remain critical for understanding olfactory-based language and cognition. Toward this goal, we emphasize the distinction between multisensory and unisensory olfaction, which is not highlighted in Majid's review but which we believe is of theoretical importance.
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| 10. |
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