| 1. |
- Giraud, A, et al.
(författare)
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The rise and fall of mutator bacteria.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 4:5, s. 582-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacteria with elevated mutation rates are frequently found among natural isolates. This is probably because of their ability to generate genetic variability, the substrate for natural selection. However, such high mutation rates can lead to the loss of vital functions. The evolution of bacterial populations may happen through alternating periods of high and low mutation rates. The cost and benefits of high mutation rates in the course of bacterial adaptive evolution are reviewed.
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| 2. |
- Achcar, F., et al.
(författare)
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Trypanosoma brucei: meet the system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 20, s. 162-169
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- African trypanosomes cause devastating diseases in humans and domestic animals. The parasites evolved early in the eukaryotic lineage and have numerous biochemical peculiarities that distinguish them from other systems. These include unconventional mechanisms for expressing nuclear and mitochondrial genes as well as unusual subcellular localizations for a variety of enzymes. Systems biology has arisen partly to allow contextualization of the massive datasets that describe individual chemical parts of biological systems. Here we describe recent efforts to collect and analyse data pertaining to all aspects of the trypanosome's biochemical physiology that go some way to describing the parasite as an integrated system.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Anjum, Muna F, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of using E. coli as an indicator for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 64, s. 152-158
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in a One-Health perspective, surveillance play an important role. Monitoring systems already exist in the human health and livestock sectors, but there are no environmental monitoring programs. Therefore there is an urgent need to initiate environmental AMR monitoring programs nationally and globally, which will complement existing systems in different sectors. However, environmental programs should not only identify anthropogenic influences and levels of AMR, but they should also allow for identification of transmissions to and from human and animal populations. In the current review we therefore propose using antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli as indicators for monitoring occurrence and levels of AMR in the environment, including wildlife.
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| 5. |
- Bernander, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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FtsZ-less cell division in archaea and bacteria
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 13:6, s. 747-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dedicated cell division machinery is needed for efficient proliferation of an organism. The eukaryotic actin-myosin based mechanism and the bacterial FtsZ-dependent machinery have both been characterized in detail, and a third division mechanism, the Cdv system, was recently discovered in archaea from the Crenarchaeota phylum. Despite these findings, division mechanisms remain to be identified in, for example, organisms belonging to the bacterial PVC superphylum, bacteria with extremely reduced genomes, wall-less archaea and bacteria, and in archaea that carry out the division process without cell constriction. Cytokinesis mechanisms in these clades and individual taxa are likely to include adaptation of host functions to division of bacterial symbionts, transfer of bacterial division genes into the host genome, vesicle formation without a dedicated constriction machinery, cross-wall formation without invagination, as well as entirely novel division mechanisms.
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| 6. |
- Cava, Felipe, et al.
(författare)
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Modes of cell wall growth differentiation in rod-shaped bacteria
- 2013
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 16:6, s. 731-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A bacterial cell takes on the challenge to preserve and reproduce its shape at every generation against a substantial internal pressure by surrounding itself with a mechanical support, a peptidoglycan cell wall. The enlargement of the cell wall via net incorporation of precursors into the pre-existing wall conditions bacterial growth and morphology. However, generation, reproduction and/or modification of a specific shape requires that the incorporation takes place at precise locations for a defined time period. Much has been learnt in the past few years about the biochemistry of the peptidoglycan synthesis process, but topological approaches to the understanding of shape generation have been hindered by a lack of appropriate techniques. Recent technological advances are paving the way for substantial progress in understanding the mechanisms of bacterial morphogenesis. Here we review the latest developments, focusing on the impact of new techniques on the precise mapping of cell wall growth sites.
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| 7. |
- Cava, Felipe, et al.
(författare)
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Peptidoglycan plasticity in bacteria : emerging variability of the murein sacculus and their associated biological functions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 18, s. 46-53
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The peptidoglycan (PG) sacculus once thought to be just a reinforcing, static and uniform structure, is fast becoming recognized as a dynamic cell constituent involved in every aspect of bacterial physiology. Recent advances showed that in addition to 'classical' tasks - as an essential element to define bacterial shape, size, division and resistance to osmotic stress the sacculus plays very important roles in many other fields. The very few chemical and structural changes that were once considered as bizarre, or maybe exotic exceptions, are now universally accepted as fundamental pieces in bacterial cell wall adaptation to different kinds of environmental stresses; immune response; intra-specific and inter-specific signalling and antibiotics, just to mention a few. Most, if not all, of these implications are a consequence of the enormous adaptability of PG metabolism to cope with changing conditions, a characteristic for which the term plasticity is proposed. Here we overview and comment on a number of recent contributions on the cell wall adaptive responses to environmental challenges that has greatly impacted the already high complexity of the PG biology field. These new evidences have revived the interest in PG plasticity as an exciting and trendy topic in current microbiology which considers this variability as the trustworthy picture of bacterial PG in nature.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Charpentier, Emmanuelle, et al.
(författare)
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Harnessing CRISPR-Cas9 immunity for genetic engineering
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 19, s. 114-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CRISPR-Cas encodes an adaptive immune system that defends prokaryotes against infectious viruses and plasmids. Immunity is mediated by Cas nucleases, which use small RNA guides (the crRNAs) to specify a cleavage site within the genome of invading nucleic acids. In type II CRISPR-Cas systems, the DNA-cleaving activity is performed by a single enzyme Cas9 guided by an RNA duplex. Using synthetic single RNA guides, Cas9 can be reprogrammed to create specific double-stranded DNA breaks in the genomes of a variety of organisms, ranging from human cells to bacteria, and thus constitutes a powerful tool for genetic engineering. Here we describe recent advancements in our understanding of type II CRISPR-Cas immunity and how these studies led to revolutionary genome editing applications.
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| 10. |
- Charpentier, Emmanuelle, et al.
(författare)
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RNA techniques for bacteria
- 2007
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 10:3, s. 254-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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