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- Brocki, Karin C., et al.
(författare)
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Working memory in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined type : Are deficits modality specific and are they independent of impaired inhibitory control?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 30:7, s. 749-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines differences between children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder combined type (ADHD-C) and normal controls on verbal and visuospatial working-memory (WM) tasks. The extent to which WM deficits in children with ADHD-C are independent of impaired inhibitory control was also examined. Two groups of 7- to 12-year-old boys participated in this study. The first group included 31 boys diagnosed with ADHD-C, and the second group included 34 boys without ADHD. Various verbal and visuospatial WM tasks and two inhibitory control tasksprepotent response inhibition and interference controlwere used. Overall, our results suggest impaired verbal and visuospatial WM processes in children with ADHD-C, as well as a lower level of performance on prepotent response inhibition. WM deficits in ADHD have previously been suggested to be particularly salient in the spatial domain, our results instead showed the largest effect for a verbal WM task thought to put heavy load on the executive or attentional control component of the WM system. An interpretation of this finding is that it is variation in terms of difficulty level or load on the executive WM processes, rather than variation in modality (verbal versus visuospatial), that is important in demonstrating WM deficits in ADHD-C. Finally, findings from logistic regression analyses showed that deficits in WM and inhibitory control seem to be semi-independent in children with ADHD-C, at least with regard to the elementary school age.
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- Ellbin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of cognitive function in patients with stress-related exhaustion using the Cognitive Assessment Battery (CAB)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 40:6, s. 567-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The health care system is facing an increased number of patients seeking care for burnout/stress-related exhaustion. One of the core features of this condition is cognitive impairmenteffective and easy tools are needed to assess cognition in this patient group. Our objective was to determine whether the Cognitive Assessment Battery (CAB) could be used for this purpose. Method: Ninety-three patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder (ED) and 111 controls were included in the study and tested with CAB. CAB consists of six short tests covering the cognitive domains speed and attention, episodic memory, visuospatial, language, and executive functions. The patients also completed questionnaires on subjective memory problems, degree of burnout, anxiety, and depression. Results: The patients performed worse than the controls on four tests of speed and attention, language, and executive function. Subjective memory problems, degree of burnout, and anxiety did not influence cognitive performance, only degree of depression influenced performance negatively on an executive test. Conclusion: CAB is a useful instrument for rapid, comprehensive screening of cognitive status in patients with stress-related exhaustion. Using it, we confirmed the most replicated findings regarding cognitive impairments in patients with stress-related exhaustion.
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- Engman, Elisabeth, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Non-parametric evaluation of memory changes at group and individual level following temporal lobe resection for pharmaco-resistant partial epilepsy
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 26:7, s. 943-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Group versus individual verbal and visuospatial memory outcome following epilepsy surgery was evaluated by a non-parametric method in 25 left and 29 right temporal lobectomy patients. Twenty-five controls were assessed twice. Analyses of change at an individual level evaluated by this statistical approach based on paired-ranks were compared to results with a method based on distances (Reliable Change). The left temporal lobectomy group deteriorated in the two verbal memory variables (p < 0.01 and 0.05). High levels of individual changes unexplained by group patterns were disclosed in the three memory variables analyzed in the patients. Significant individual change, although less pronounced, also occurred in the controls. Group versus individual outcome was adequately distinguished by the non-parametric method. To properly analyze memory change after epilepsy surgery, evaluation at group and individual level ought to combined.
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- Frick, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-factorial perspective on ADHD and ODD in school-aged children : What is the role of cognitive regulation, temperament, and parental support?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 41:9, s. 933-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: It is well established that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder of self-regulation. As such, ADHD is associated with disturbed cognitive regulation, extreme temperament traits, and deficient extrinsic regulation such as parenting. Despite these associations, cognitive regulation, temperament, and parenting have not previously been examined simultaneously in relation to ADHD symptoms in school-aged children. To bridge this gap of knowledge, we examined effects of these important aspects of self-regulation on symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and comorbid symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children with and without a diagnosis of ADHD.Method: The sample consisted of 77 children aged 8 to 12 years (~40% had a diagnosis of ADHD). We assessed cognitive regulation (i.e., complex inhibition and working memory) during a lab visit and parents rated child temperament (negative affect, surgency, and effortful control) and parental support. Parents and teachers rated ADHD and ODD symptoms in the child. We performed continuous analyses, informed by a dimensional perspective on ADHD.Results: Working memory contributed independently to inattention (β = −.19, p < .05). Effortful control contributed independently to inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity (βs = −.50 and −.49, ps < .01). Negative affect contributed to ODD symptoms as moderated by parental support (β = .58, p < .01). Specifically, for children who received lower levels of parental support there was a significant positive association between negative affect and ODD symptoms.Conclusions: The results propose that both cognitive regulation and effortful control influence ADHD symptoms. Moreover, different factors seem to be involved in ADHD and ODD, with regulatory deficits specifically related to ADHD symptoms, and elevated negative affect specifically related to ODD symptoms. Interestingly, parenting moderated the relationship between negative affect and ODD symptoms, with a suggested protective effect of high parental support for children with high levels of negative affect.
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