| 1. |
- Chen, BN, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular recognition: Design of "keys"
- 2002
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Ingår i: Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. - : Bantham Science Publishers Ltd. - 1386-2073 .- 1875-5402. ; 5:6, s. 409-427
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular recognition between molecules is one of the most fundamental processes in biology and chemistry. The recognition process is largely driven by non-covalent forces such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, van der Waals forces, pi-pi interactions, and conformational energy. The complementarity between the receptor and substrate is very similar to the "lock and key" function, first described by Emil Fischer over 100 years ago, - the lock being the molecular receptor such as a protein or enzyme and the key being the substrate such as a drug, that is recognized to give a defined receptor-substrate complex. This review focuses on the design of specific ligand systems as "Keys" to enable the induced fit of these keys into the target macromolecules, protein/enzyme (Locks) with particular emphasis on protein recognition.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Surface display on gram positive bacteria
- 2001
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Ingår i: Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1386-2073 .- 1875-5402. ; 4:2, s. 171-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterologous surface display on Gram-positive bacteria was first described almost a decade ago and has since then developed into an active research area. Gram-positive bacterial surface display has today found a range of applications, in immunology, microbiology and biotechnology. Live bacterial vaccine delivery vehicles are being developed through the surface display of selected foreign antigens on the bacterial surfaces. In this field, second generation vaccine delivery vehicles are at present being generated by the addition of mucosal targeting signals through co-display of adhesins, in order to achieve targeting of the live bacteria to immunoreactive sites to thereby increase immune responses. Engineered Gram-positive bacteria are further being evaluated as novel microbial biocatalysts with heterologous enzymes immobilized as surface exposed on the bacterial cell surface. A discussion has started whether bacteria can find use as new types of whole-cell diagnostic devices since single-chain antibodies and other variants of tailor-made binding proteins can be displayed on bacteria. Bacteria with increased binding capacity for certain metal ions can be created and potential environmental or biosensor applications for such recombinant bacteria as biosorbents are being discussed. This article explains the basis of Grampositive bacterial surface display, and discusses current uses and possible future trends of this emerging technology.
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| 3. |
- Hassan, Mohsan, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Different Arrangements of Molecular Chains in Terms of Low and High Shear Rate’s Viscosities on Heat and Mass Flow of Nonnewtonian Shear thinning Fluids
- 2022
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Ingår i: Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. - : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1386-2073 .- 1875-5402. ; 25:7, s. 1115-1126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Non-newtonian fluids, especially shear thinning fluids, have several applications in the polymer industry, food industry, and even everyday life. The viscosity of shear thinning fluids is decreased by two or three orders of magnitude due to the alignment of the molecules in order when the shear rate is increased, and it cannot be ignored in the case of polymer processing and lubrication problems.Objective: So, the effects of viscosities at the low and high shear rates on the heat and mass boundary layer flow of shear thinning fluid over moving belts are investigated in this study. For this purpose the generalized Carreau model of viscosity relate to shear rate is used in the momentum equation. The Carreau model contains the five parameters: low shear rate viscosity, high shear rate viscosity, viscosity curvature, consistency index, and flow behavior index. For the heat flow, the expression of the thermal conductivity model similar to the viscosity equation due to the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid is used in the energy equation.Methods: On the mathematical model of the problem, boundary layer approximations are applied and then simplified by applying the similarity transformations to get the solution. The solution of the simplified equations is obtained by numerical technique RK-shooting method. The results are compared with existing results for limited cases and found good agreement.Results: The results in the form of velocity and temperature profiles under the impact of all the viscosity’s parameters are obtained and displayed in graphical form. Moreover, the boundary layer parameters such as the thickness of the regions, momentum thickness, and displacement thickness are calculated to understand the structure of the boundary layer flow of fluid.Conclusion: The velocity and temperature of the fluid are decreased and increased respectively by all viscosity’s parameters of the model. So, the results of the boundary layer fluid flow under rheological parameters will not only help engineers to design superior chemical equipment but also help improve the economy and efficiency of the overall process.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Regberg, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Affinity Ligands for Chromatography Using Combinatorial Chemistry
- 2011
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Ingår i: Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1386-2073 .- 1875-5402. ; 14:4, s. 267-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatially addressable combinatorial libraries were synthesized by solution phase chemistry and screened for binding to human serum albumin. Members of arylidene diamide libraries were among the best hits found, having submicromolar binding affinities. The results were analyzed by the frequency with which particular substituents appeared among the most potent compounds. After immobilization of the ligands either through the oxazolone or the amine substituent, characterization by surface plasmon resonance showed that ibuprofen affected the binding kinetics, but phenylbutazone did not. It is therefore likely that these compounds bind to Site 2 in sub domain IIIA of human serum albumin (HSA).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Söderlind, Eskil, et al.
(författare)
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The immune diversity in a test tube - Non-immunised antibody libraries and functional variability in defined protein scaffolds
- 2001
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Ingår i: Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening. - 1386-2073. ; 4:5, s. 409-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technologies to develop and evolve the function of proteins and, in particular, antibodies have developed rapidly since the introduction of phage display. Importantly, it has become possible to identify molecules with binding properties that cannot be found by other means. A range of different approaches to create general libraries that are useful for the selection of such molecules specific for essentially any kind of target have emerged. We herein review some of the most prominent approaches in the field and in particular discuss specific features related to the development of antibody libraries based on single antibody framework scaffolds. This approach not only permits identification of a range of specific binders, but also facilitates further evolution of initially derived molecules into molecules with optimised functions.
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| 9. |
- Sørensen, Ole E, et al.
(författare)
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Cathelicidins - Nature's attempt at combinatorial chemistry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1386-2073. ; 8:3, s. 273-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cathelicidins are a family of diverse antimicrobial peptides found in granules of mammalian neutrophils. Cathelicidins are active against a broad range of microbes in different environments. Aside from their antimicrobial activity, cathelicidins possess other biological properties including cytotoxic activity towards mammalian cells. Several studies have shown that the amino acid sequence of cathelicidins can be modified to temper undesired properties, such as hemolytic and cytotoxic activity, and at the same time maintain antimicrobial activity. These properties make cathelicidins ideal templates in combinatorial chemistry for designing de novo antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic use. However, one of the major challenges will be to screen these peptides in experimentally relevant models that reflect the environments in which the peptides should be therapeutically active.
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| 10. |
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