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- Ahmadi, Maliheh, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical source analysis of resting state EEG data in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-2457 .- 1872-8952. ; 131:9, s. 2115-2130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study investigated age-dependent and subtype-related alterations in electroencephalography (EEG) power spectra and current source densities (CSD) in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: We performed spectral and cortical source (exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography, eLORETA) analyses using resting state EEG recordings from 40 children (8-16 years) with combined and inattentive subtypes of ADHD and 41 age-matched healthy controls (HC). Group differences in EEG spectra and CSD were investigated at each scalp location, voxel and cortical region in delta, theta, alpha and beta bands. We also explored associations between topographic changes in EEG power and CSD and age.Results: Compared to healthy controls, combined ADHD subtype was characterized with significantly increased diffuse theta/beta power ratios (TBR) with a widespread decrease in beta CSD. Inattentive ADHD subtype presented increased TBR in all brain regions except in posterior areas with a global increase in theta source power. In both ADHD and HC, older age groups showed significantly lower delta source power and TBR and higher alpha and beta source power than younger age groups. Compared to HC, ADHD was characterized with increases in theta fronto-central and temporal source power with increasing age.Conclusions: Our results confirm that TBR can be used as a neurophysiological biomarker to differentiate ADHD from healthy children at both the source and sensor levels.Significance: Our findings emphasize the importance of performing the source imaging analysis in order to better characterize age-related changes in resting-state EEG activity in ADHD and controls.
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- Alix, James J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the reliability of the motor unit size index (MUSIX) in single subject "round-robin" and multi-centre settings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 1388-2457 .- 1872-8952. ; 130:5, s. 666-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The motor unit size index (MUSIX) is incorporated into the motor unit number index (MUNIX). Our objective was to assess the intra-/inter-rater reliability of MUSIX in healthy volunteers across single subject "round robin" and multi-centre settings.Methods: Data were obtained from (i) a round-robin assessment in which 12 raters (6 with prior experience and 6 without) assessed six muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, biceps brachii, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis) and (ii) a multi-centre study with 6 centres studying the same muscles in 66 healthy volunteers. Intrafinter-rater data were provided by 5 centres, 1 centre provided only intra-rater data. Intrafinter-rater variability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (COV), Bland-Altman plots, bias and 95% limits of agreement.Results: In the round-robin assessment intra-rater COVs for MUSIX ranged from 7.8% to 28.4%. Inter-rater variability was between 7.8% and 16.2%. Prior experience did not impact on MUSIX values. In the multi-centre study MUSIX was more consistent than the MUNIX. Abductor hallucis was the least reliable muscle.Conclusions: The MUSIX is a reliable neurophysiological biomarker of reinnervation.Significance: MUSIX could provide insights into the pathophysiology of a range of neuromuscular disorders, providing a quantitative biomarker of reinnervation.
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- Awad, Amar, et al.
(författare)
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Preserved somatosensory conduction in complete spinal cord injury : Discomplete SCI
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 1388-2457 .- 1872-8952. ; 131:5, s. 1059-1067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the communication between brain and body parts innervated from below-injury spinal segments, but rarely results in complete anatomical transection of the spinal cord. The aim of this study was to investigate residual somatosensory conduction in clinically complete SCI, to corroborate the concept of sensory discomplete SCI.Methods: We used fMRI with a somatosensory protocol in which blinded and randomized tactile and nociceptive stimulation was applied on both legs (below-injury level) and one arm (above-injury level) in eleven participants with chronic complete SCI. The experimental design accounts for possible confounding mechanical (e.g. vibration) and cortico-cortical top-down mechanisms (e.g. attention/expectation).Results: Somatosensory stimulation on below-level insensate body regions activated the somatotopically corresponding part of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex in six out of eleven participants.Conclusions: Our results represent afferent-driven cortical activation through preserved somatosensory connections to the brain in a subgroup of participants with clinically complete SCI, i.e. sensory discomplete SCI.Significance: Identifying patients with residual somatosensory connections might open the door for new rehabilitative and restorative strategies as well as inform research on SCI-related conditions such as neuropathic pain and spasticity.
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- Backman, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Electroencephalographic characteristics of status epilepticus after cardiac arrest
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-2457. ; 128:4, s. 681-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe the electrophysiological characteristics and pathophysiological significance of electrographic status epilepticus (ESE) after cardiac arrest and specifically compare patients with unequivocal ESE to patients with rhythmic or periodic borderline patterns defined as possible ESE. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients treated with targeted temperature management and monitored with simplified continuous EEG. Patients with ESE were identified and electrographically characterised until 72. h after ESE start using the standardised terminology of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society. Results: ESE occurred in 41 of 127 patients and 22 fulfilled the criteria for unequivocal ESE, which typically appeared early and transiently. Three of the four survivors had unequivocal ESE, starting after rewarming from a continuous background. There were no differences between the groups of unequivocal ESE and possible ESE regarding outcome, neuron-specific enolase levels or prevalence of reported clinical convulsions. Conclusion: ESE is common after cardiac arrest. The distinction between unequivocal and possible ESE patterns was not reflected by differences in clinical features or survival. Significance: A favourable outcome is seen infrequently in patients with ESE, regardless of using strict or liberal ESE definitions.
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- Backman, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced EEG montage has a high accuracy in the post cardiac arrest setting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-2457. ; 131:9, s. 2216-2223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study if comatose cardiac arrest patients can be assessed with a reduced number of EEG electrodes. Methods: 110 routine EEGs from 67 consecutive patients, including both hypothermic and normothermic EEGs were retrospectively assessed by three blinded EEG-experts using two different electrode montages. A standard 19-electrode-montage was compared to the reduced version of the same EEGs, down-sampled to six electrodes (F3, T3, P3, F4, T4, P4). We used intra-rater and inter-observer statistics to assess the reliability of the reduced montage for background features and discharges. Results: The reduced montage had almost perfect performance for background continuity (κ 0.80–0.88), including identification of highly malignant backgrounds (burst-suppression/suppression) (κ 0.85–0.94) and benign backgrounds (continuous/nearly continuous) (κ 0.85–0.91). We found substantial performance for identifying rhythmic/periodic discharges (κ 0.79–0.86). The reduced montage had high accuracy for assessment of both highly malignant (sensitivity 91–95%, specificity 94–99%) and benign (sensitivity 89–98%, specificity 91–96%) backgrounds, and periodic/rhythmic patterns (sensitivity 79–100%, specificity 89–99%), compared to the full montage. The inter-observer variability was not increased by the reduced montage. Conclusion: Reduced EEG had high performance for classifying important background and discharge patterns in this post cardiac arrest cohort. Significance: Our results support the use of reduced EEG-montage for monitoring comatose cardiac arrest patients.
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