| 1. |
- Berglund, Per
(author)
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Controlling lipase enantioselectivity for organic synthesis
- 2001
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In: Biomolecular Engineering. - 1389-0344 .- 1878-559X. ; 18:1, s. 13-22
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lipases are used frequently as chiral catalysts in the synthesis of various fine chemicals and intermediates. The increasing need of compounds with high stereochemical purity requires catalysts with an improved and controlled performance. This overview emphasizes some important aspects for the control of lipase enantioselectivity and some examples where the enantioselectivity has been altered or reversed are highlighted. However, in several of these cases the complete explanation for the altered or reversed enantioselectivity remains unclear and needs to be solved. Three different strategies (engineering of the reaction medium, the substrate molecule, and the enzyme) for exploring lipase enantioselectivity at a molecular level are discussed and summarized. These three different approaches represent powerful tools for understanding the molecular basis for lipase enantioselective catalysis and can guide the rational improvement and tailoring of catalyst performance. By combining approaches from chemistry and biology much is learnt about the most important parameters controlling lipase enantioselectivity for organic synthesis.
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| 2. |
- Norlin, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of Interfacial Capacitance of Pt, Ti and TiN Coated Electrodes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
- 2002
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In: Biomolecular Engineering. - 1389-0344 .- 1878-559X. ; 19:2-6, s. 67-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrochemical processes at the electrode-electrolyte (body fluid) interface are of ultimate importance for stimulating/sensing electrode function. A high electrode surface area is desirable for safe stimulation through double-layer charging and discharging. Pt and Pt-Ir alloys have been the most common electrode materials. The use of TiN coating as the surface layer on the electrode has found increasing interest because of its metal-like conductivity, excellent mechanical and chemical properties, and the fact that it can be deposited with a high surface area. In this work, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which is a sensitive and non-destructive technique and widely used for characterization of electrical properties of electrode-electrolyte interfaces, was applied to investigate pure Pt and Ti, and TiN coated electrodes exposed to a phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) solution. Platinized Pt and Ti were also studied for comparison. The capacitance value of the electrodes in PBS was obtained through quantitative analysis of the EIS spectra. The results reveal that the capacitance of the TiN coated electrodes with a rough surface is several hundreds times higher than that of a smooth Pt surface. Platinization of Ti can also increase the capacitance to the same extent as platina. EIS has been shown to be a powerful technique for characterization of stimulating/sensing electrodes.
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| 3. |
- Odeberg, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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A cDNA RDA protocol using solid-phase technology suited for analysis in small tissue samples.
- 2000
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In: Biomolecular Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-0344 .- 1878-559X. ; 17:1, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA RDA) is a PCR-based subtractive enrichment procedure for the cloning of differentially expressed genes. In this study, we have further developed the procedure to take advantage of solid-phase technology, and to facilitate the use of RDA when starting material is limited. Several parameters of the PCR-based generation of cDNA representations were investigated, and a solid-phase based purification step was introduced to simplify removal of digested adapter-ends and uncleaved fragments. The use of magnetic particles increased the speed of the method, and also eliminated the risk of carry-over contamination between iterative steps of subtraction and PCR amplification. The modified protocol was evaluated in monitoring differences in gene expression in (i) a rat system consisting of livers with and without growth hormone treatment, and in (ii) a human system consisting of normal colon and colon cancer.
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| 4. |
- Cicortas Gunnarsson, Lavinia, et al.
(author)
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Evolution of a carbohydrate binding module into a protein-specific binder
- 2006
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In: Biomolecular Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-0344 .- 1878-559X. ; 23:2-3, s. 111-117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A carbohydrate binding module, CBM4-2, derived front the xylanase (Xyn 10A) of Rhodothermus marinus has been used as a scaffold for molecular diversification. Its binding specificity has been evolved to recognise a quite different target, a human monoclonal IgG4. In order to understand the basis for this drastic change in specificity we have further investigated the target recognition of the IgG4-specific CBMs. Firstly, we defined that the structure target recognised by the selected CBM-variants was the protein and not the carbohydrates attached to the glycoprotein. We also identified key residues involved in the new specificity and/or responsible for the swap in specificity, from xylan to human IgG4. Specific changes present in all these CBMs included mutations not introduced in the design of the library from which the specific clones were selected. Reversion of such mutations led to a complete loss of binding to the target molecule, suggesting that they are critical for the recognition of human IgG4. Together with the mutations introduced at will, they had transformed the CBM scaffold into a protein binder. We have thus shown that the scaffold of CBM4-2 is able to harbour molecular recognition for either carbohydrate or protein structures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Falk, Ronny, et al.
(author)
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Approaches for systematic proteome exploration
- 2007
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In: Biomolecular Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-0344 .- 1878-559X. ; 24:2, s. 155-168
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the completion of the human genome project (HUGO) during recent years, gene function, protein abundance and expression patterns in tissues and cell types have emerged as central areas for the scientific community. A mapped human proteome will extend the value of the genome sequence and large-scale efforts aiming at elucidating protein localization, abundance and function are invaluable for biomarker and drug discovery. This research area, termed proteomics, is more demanding than any genome sequencing effort and to perform this on a wide scale is a highly diverse task. Therefore, the proteornics field employs a range of methods to examine different aspects of proteomics including protein localization, protein-protein interactions, posttranslational modifications and alteration of protein composition (e.g. differential expression) in tissues and body fluids. Here, some of the most commonly used methods, including chromatographic separations together with mass spectrometry and a number of affinity proteomics concepts are discussed and exemplified.
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| 6. |
- Skjånes, Kari, et al.
(author)
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BioCO2 : A multidisciplinary, biological approach using solar energy to capture CO2 while producing H2 and high value products
- 2007
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In: Biomolecular Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-0344 .- 1878-559X. ; 24:4, s. 405-413
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many areas of algae technology have developed over the last decades, and there is an established market for products derived from algae, dominated by health food and aquaculture. In addition, the interest for active biomolecules from algae is increasing rapidly. The need for CO2 management, in particular capture and storage is currently an important technological, economical and global political issue and will continue to be so until alternative energy sources and energy carriers diminish the need for fossil fuels. This review summarizes in an integrated manner different technologies for use of algae, demonstrating the possibility of combining different areas of algae technology to capture CO2 and using the obtained algal biomass for various industrial applications thus bringing added value to the capturing and storage processes. Furthermore, we emphasize the use of algae in a novel biological process which produces H-2 directly from solar energy in contrast to the conventional CO2 neutral biological methods. This biological process is a part of the proposed integrated CO2 management scheme.
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