| 1. |
- Bakys, Remigijus
(författare)
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Chondrostereum purpureum-based Control of Stump Sprouting of Seven Hardwood Species in Lithuania
- 2012
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 18, s. 41-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All four inoculated strains of C. purpureum persisted in treated stumps of B. pendula, A. incana, P. tremula, S. caprea and A. negundo, formed abundant fruitbodies, and showed similar effect in preventing sprout formation. Compared to negative controls, mycoherbicide treatment in summer had significantly reduced percentage of living stumps and sprouts on B. pendula and A. negundo (the effect was as good as of chemical herbicide) as well as mean height of the tallest living sprout of these species. A slight effect of C. purpureum treatments on stump and sprout mortality was observed for A. incana, P tremula and S. caprea, although fruitbody formation occurred after treatment. No mycoherbicide effect was observed on R. pseudoacacia and H. rhamnoides which arc either resistant to C. purpureum infection or symptom development is delayed relative to the other species tested. Summer treatments gave significantly better results than the autumn treatments in terms of stump and sprout mortality: 75.9% and 38.5% of the stumps, and 83.6% and 46.0% of the sprouts were dead in summer and autumn treatments, respectively (pooled data from B. pendula, A. incana, P. tremula, S. caprea and A. negundo plots). There was no seasonal treatment effect on fruitbody formation. In conclusion, local strains of C. purpureum can be successfully applied to control stump sprouting of B. pendula and A. negundo in Lithuania if performed during a period of active tree growth.
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| 2. |
- Brukas, Vilis
(författare)
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Policy Drivers Behind Forest Utilisation in Lithuania in 1986-2007
- 2009
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 15, s. 86-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After regaining the independence, Lithuania was in the process of making transition to the market economy, yet radical societal shifts only moderately affected Lithuanian forestry. This study evaluates the m am drivers that stimulated or decreased forest utilisation. Review of numerous sources reveals that the major drivers towards increased utilisation were the economic transition and changes in the resource base. These have been counterbalanced primarily by deeply-rooted normativism, increasing environmental restrictions, economic model of State forestry and sluggish land reform. The study shows that seeking to understand the dynamics of forest utilisation, it is insufficient to focus solely on the available forest inventory as is typically done in forecasts of timber removals. Instead. a holistic analysis is needed, taking into account, inter alia, institutional norms and developments outside the forest sector.
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| 3. |
- Davydenko, Kateryna, et al.
(författare)
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Dothistroma Needle Blight on High Altitude Pine Forests in Montenegro
- 2017
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 23, s. 294-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is one of the most serious and widespread needle diseases of pines. Its current distribution was investigated in high altitude native and planted pine forests in Montenegro. The suitability for the disease under different climatic conditions is discussed. Using molecular methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species specific primers, Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog) M. Morelet was detected from needles of Pinus nigra Arn., Pinus nigra 'Dalmatica' (Visiani) Franco, Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus mugo Turra, Pinus heldreichii H. Christ, Pinus peuce Griseb. and Picea abies Karst. in different parts of Montenegro, at altitudes between 800 and 2150 m. Dothistroma pini Hulbary was detected from P. sylvestris, P. nigra and P. mugo from restricted area in Northwestern part of Montenegro at altitudes between 800 and 1850 m. This is the first report of DNB on P. mugo and P. abies in Montenegro, and the first time that D. septosporum was detected from P. nigra 'Dalmatica'. Also, D. septosporum was detected through native forests of P. heldreichii and P. peuce. The climatic conditions and altitudes where DNB was detected were different from what has previously been reported for this region. From this study, we can conclude that DNB is present in high-altitude pine forests throughout Montenegro. However, the intensity of the disease is low due to prevailing environmental conditions, which are probably not favorable for DNB development.
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| 4. |
- Davydenko, Kateryna
(författare)
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The Situation and Perspectives of European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Ukraine: Focus on Eastern Border
- 2019
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 25, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The health condition of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) stands in Ukraine has become worse since 2006. An alien invasive pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was firstly identified in 2011 in the eastern part of the country and subsequently, its presence had been confirmed in the western and central parts. The aims of our research were to evaluate the forest health of ash trees and identify the main causes of ash decline in different regions of Ukraine with emphasis on ash dieback and its association with collar rots.Results showed that since 2013 the number of trees with ash dieback symptoms has been gradually increasing, reaching up to 92 % in 2018. Total mortality due to ash dieback was up to 9 % in 2018. Disease intensity remains high in the north and central Ukraine comparing with the east. Branch dieback, collar rots, epicormic shoots and bacterial disease of ash were more often in the eastern region, some symptoms were observed simultaneously. Ash bark beetle galleries, as well as foliage browsing insects, were found mostly in weakened and/or dying trees.It was indicated that collar rots significantly increase the mortality of ash trees. Armillaria spp. fungi were found to be frequently associated with ash dieback on living stems and fallen trees in 2017, causing high rates of mortality in the northern and central regions. For further ash conservation and breeding programs, resistant trees in severely damaged regions should be selected to preserve genetic diversity in ash populations.
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| 5. |
- Dimitriou, Ioannis
(författare)
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Growth Performance of Willow Clones in Short Rotation Coppice after Sewage Sludge Application
- 2014
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 20, s. 70-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current study was to compare the growth performance of willow clones from different breeding programmes in short rotation coppice field trials established in different European countries when applied with sewage sludge. In general, willow clones from the European Willow Breeding Programme (clones "Resolution" and "Endeavour") had lower survival rate, but higher aboveground shoot biomass than willow clones from the Swedish State Willow Selection Programme (clone 78183) and the Willow Breeding Programme of Agrobransle AB (clones "Tora" and "Inger"). Sludge application did not have any significant impact on growth performance. The average aboveground biomass production of willows in Poland was larger than that in Estonia or Germany, and in the three-year-old plantations it was not correlated to the actual plant density.
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| 6. |
- Drössler, Lars
(författare)
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Development and Traits of Wolf Trees in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.): A Literature Review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 22, s. 181-188
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviewed studies from Germany, Russia, Lithuania, Sweden and Finland about wolf trees in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests and examined the definition of a wolf tree. In addition, we analyzed the main traits and parameters of these trees, such as lower crown ratio, more conical stem taper, partly deformed crown, and thicker and longer branches. The analysis revealed changes in the definition of a wolf tree during the XX century and different definitions over various regions. The differences between wolf trees and common trees were found in growth patterns, stress sensitivity and genetics. Also this article reviewed several possible reasons for the occurrence of wolf trees in forest stands.
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| 7. |
- Fjeld, Dag
(författare)
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Improving Cut-to-length Operations Management in Russian Logging Companies Using a New Decision Support System
- 2013
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 19, s. 89-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article introduces the operational-tactical-strategic context of wood supply in Russian logging companies. In this context, the transition to cut-to-length means that multiple assortments may be produced at multiple locations in the supply chain for numerous destinations. Harvesting-forwarding and transportation are the key activities in this context. This article gives an overview of the mathematical models implemented in a new decision support system (DSS) for these companies. The DSS consists of a number of modules, including optimization of routes for the fleet of harvester-forwarder teams and truck transport. The optimization of routes is based on a two-phase algorithm where a heuristic optimization method is used for choice of best transportation paths, and dynamic programming is used for choice of daily tasks and vehicle routing. The article presents the results of three cases where the DSS has been tested. The cases selected concern daily (operational), monthly (tactical) and yearly (strategic) transport planning where planning horizons were 4 days, 3 months and 1 year, respectively. The studies have all been made in logging companies located in Northwest Russia with annual harvest levels of about 250,000 m(3) per company. The studies include from 4 to 9 harvester-forwarder teams, 5 to 24 trucks, 8-10 assortments, 4-129 supply points and 4-5 demand points. The results show that the DSS can be used to support a wide range of planning decisions at company level including truck routing, fleet utilization and choice of transport method under new infrastructure assumptions. The potential cost savings calculated range from 14 to 25%.
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| 8. |
- Flinkman, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Drivers of Demand for Non-industrial Wood Pellets for Heating
- 2018
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - : Institute of Forestry LAMMC. - 1392-1355 .- 2029-9230. ; 24:1, s. 86-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The targets for renewable energy in the European Union (EU) have resulted in a surge in the use of wood pellets. The EU-28 consumption has outgrown domestic production, resulting in increasing net imports. This study analyses the drivers of the use of pellets for heating (non-industrial pellets). An enquiry directed to biomass and pellet organizations indicates that country specific subsidies could be a driver for the purchase of pellet stoves and boilers, resulting in a base level of consumption of non-industrial pellets. Further, light heating oil and natural gas are considered the main heating sources substituted by wood pellets. Econometric analysis indicates that GDP is less important, while the price of wood pellets as well as the price of alternative energy carriers seem to be significant drivers. Models using different combinations of these variables account for 63% to 76% of the variation in non-industrial pellet demand. The results indicate the importance of considering competing fossil-based fuels when modelling wood pellet demand. This aspect is also relevant when new policy measures for a low carbon economy are applied, such as the levying of carbon taxes on fossil fuels.
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