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| 2. |
- Dehlin, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation model for ICT investments in construction projects
- 2008
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Ingår i: Electronic journal of information technology in construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1400-6529. ; 13, s. 343-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments in construction projects generally represent minor commitments of project resources by comparison to the full project cost, the value or impact on the profitability of the project are generally not considered. Also, many of the investment decisions are poorly thought through or examined. Investments decision taken during the procurement phase often merely based on intuition and rough estimations of the future costs and risks. Also, many of the traditionally used appraisal approaches have been shown inadequate in anticipating the consequences of such an investment. As a result, the investment is too often assumed to be negative since the benefits are not proper evaluated, included and weighted against the costs and risks the investment is expected to generate. Poor decision-basis does not only affect the actual decision-making in a particular project but also, in the long run, the motivation to innovate and to introduce new ICT tools and working methods into the construction industry. In view of this, a new project-oriented evaluation model is developed for the purpose to provide for a structure and a work routine to be used by a multidisciplinary project team to evaluate the implications of realizing ICT investments in construction projects. Although primarily aimed at establishing future benefits and costs the model may very well be used for follow-ups. The models' application is illustrated using a case study of a construction project using 3D and VR for coordination and evaluation. The results based on interviews and rough estimates on the "safe side" show that benefit of the ICT investment for the case study project was much higher compared with the cost for the project. The shift in focus from costs/benefits for the individual stakeholders to costs/benefits for the project gives a momentum to optimize the use of a new ICT tools in construction. This will surely affect the processes and the contractual environment in the project, since it has to support sharing of information and achieved benefits and the costs of the investment in the project.
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| 3. |
- Delsing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile Internet enabled sensors using mobile phones as access network
- 2004
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Ingår i: Electronic journal of information technology in construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1400-6529. ; 9:Special Issue Mobile Computing in Construction, s. 381-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We envision ambient intelligent environments with an infrastructure based on heterogeneous sensor and actuator devices accessible over the Internet. Initial steps to realize this concept have been taken by developing an Embedded Internet System (EIS) architecture for Internet protocol enabled devices. In many cases these devices will be in close proximity to a person. Such applications are found in for example sport and wellness. The mobile connection of such devices to the global Internet in a simple and cheap way is of particular interest. It is here proposed that such connection will make use of the existing and wide spread mobile phone networks. Since a few years most new mobile phones are equipped with Bluetooth technology making a mobile phone capable of connecting to 7 other Bluetooth devices. Thus by giving EIS devices a Bluetooth communication channel it will become possible to tunnel the EIS sensor communication through a mobile phone nearby the sensor. The proposed architecture will be described with discussion on limitations due to existing infrastructures and business models in the telecom networks.
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| 5. |
- Johanson, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility support for distributed collaborative teamwork
- 2004
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Ingår i: Electronic journal of information technology in construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1400-6529. ; 9, s. 355-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the trend in computer and network architecture towards smaller and lighter devices that are more or less constantly connected to the Internet through wireless access networks, mobile computing has emerged as a promising means to improve the possibilities of distributed collaborative teamwork. However, the mobility support implemented in state of the art collaboration software has hitherto been rather limited. In this paper we investigate the emerging technologies for wireless network access and mobile computing, how mobility support can be built into the software tools used today for distributed collaborative teamwork, and the benefits it gives users. The main focus is on synchronous, real-time communication tools like multimodal teleconferencing, and the perspective is both technical and methodological. Until now text has been the primary medium for mobile collaboration and our key finding is that user mobility support for video can substantially enhance the possibilities for informal, spontaneous communication between team members. Furthermore, we argue that mobility support for the applications in question is more appropriately implemented at the application level rather than at the network level.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Peter, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Case-based Design Using Weakly Structured Information
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electronic journal of information technology in construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1400-6529. ; 7, s. 27-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over 50% of the work done by the designer on a day-to-day basis is routine design that consists of reusing past design solutions (Moore, 1993). Despite of this fact, there are no tools that rationally support reuse of such solutions. Case-based design (CBD) has been pointed out as a promising aid to help this situation. In order to be of practical use, however, a case-based design system has to be able to use the information that the designer creates during the design process. The design information that the designer creates is today mostly in the form of weakly structured information, e.g. text documents, calculation documents, and 2D-drawings. This paper proposes an approach that enables capturing and representation of weakly structured information for the purpose of case-based structural design. The representation proposed allows us to apply most of the objectoriented abstract principles also on weakly structured information. It is also shown how the conceptual framework, the dependency structure, and the design process can be captured, represented, and used in CBD. The approach is successfully implemented into a prototype for reuse of computerized design calculation documents.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Peter, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge reuse in the design of steel connections using 2D-CAD drawings
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electronic journal of information technology in construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1400-6529. ; 12, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design knowledge reuse is the most common design method in structural engineering and dominates completely in the design of steel connections. This paper describes a case study and a prototype with the objective of gaining knowledge on how to create computer support for knowledge reuse in the design of steel connections. The case study identified the key characteristics of the design knowledge reuse process in the form of subprocesses. It also showed that the most commonly used documents in these processes are drawings and that these contain most of the information needed for reuse. The prototype was implemented using the Case-Based Design approach. Evaluation of this prototype confirmed the findings of the case study and suggested that information about the geometry and topology of the members connected was sufficient for indexing previous steel connections. The prototype significantly facilitated the process of finding the documentation of recalled previous connections and thus most of the information necessary for reuse. A method of capturing the required information automatically during the process of the designer creating the drawings was implemented and evaluated.
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| 8. |
- Jongeling, Rogier, et al.
(författare)
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nD modelling in the development of cast in place concrete structures
- 2005
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Ingår i: Electronic journal of information technology in construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1400-6529. ; 10:4, s. 27-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish IT-stomme (IT-structure) project is a two year research project, which is aimed at applying product models in practice and developing modelling tools for cast in place concrete structures. Implementations and applications discussed in this paper are mainly driven by the interests from a ready mixed concrete supplier who identified product modelling as a threat and as an opportunity for its business process. A number of product model dimensions is discussed that result from combining different software applications. An example of a potential nth dimension of product model development and use is given, in addition to a product model's 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th dimension. The nth dimension is illustrated by integrating a product model with results from a program used to calculate the optimal drying process for concrete slabs. This paper concludes by discussing main challenges for the uptake of product models in practice in relation to findings and efforts from the IT-stomme project.
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| 9. |
- Malmgren, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Product modeling of configurable building systems - A case study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronic journal of information technology in construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1400-6529. ; 16:May, s. 697-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates a Swedish house manufactures building system regarding the documentation and information structures. The aim is to evaluate how product modeling technology can be used to facilitate product customization. By dividing the product in four different views the complexity of the product can be reduced and each view represent the interest of customer, engineering, production and assembly respectively. The analysis shows that the connections between the different view, i.e. the information transfer, is an area for potential improvements and little attention has been devoted to transfer information upstream from manufacturing and engineering to the customer view. The lack of information transfer can often lead to ad-hoc solutions in the customization process. We believe that successful cooperation and information exchange between these four views is the key to future development and customize-to-order configuration.
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| 10. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Etiska aspekter
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bergström, M et al. (2018). Behandlingsfamiljer för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem – Treatment Foster Care Oregon. En systematisk översikt och utvärdering inklusive ekonomiska och etiska aspekter.. - Stockholm : SBU. - 1400-1403. - 9789188437211 ; , s. 59-64
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social dygnsvård aktualiserar svåra etiska frågor om samhällets särskilda ansvar för ungdomar som begår allvarliga och upprepade brott, komplicerade makt- strukturer som styr vården, kvaliteten på kunskapsunderlag om speci ka insatser, samt organisationen som ansvarar för vården. Det är ett etiskt problem att det är få behandlingsmetoder som används i Sverige som är utvärderade. Därmed är det oklart om olika typer av placeringar gynnar ungdomar och uppfyller grund- läggande etiska krav på ansvarstagande från samhällets sida.
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