| 1. |
- De Felice, C, et al.
(författare)
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Congenital oral mucosal abnormalities in true umbilical cord knots
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 86:1, s. 34-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The pathogenesis and clinical significance of true umbilical cord knots remain controversial. Here, we tested the hypothesis of the presence of congenital oral mucosal changes in newborns with true umbilical cord knots. Study design: Seven consecutive infants with true umbilical cord knots and 50 gestational age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. The proportion of oral frenulum abnormalities and the two-dimensional vascular network geometry [fractal dimension, D, at two scales: D(1-46), and D(1-15), with the relative Lempel-Ziv complexity, (L-Z)], were analyzed. Results: Infants with true umbilical cord knots showed significantly higher proportions of mandibular frenulum agenesis compared to controls (p = 0.000006). The oral vascular networks of these infants exhibited a significantly higher D(1-46) and D(1-15) (p < 0.0001, respectively), and higher L-Z values (p < 0.0001) than control networks. Conclusion: These findings indicate the presence of significant congenital oral mucosal changes in newborn infants with true umbilical cord knots, thus suggesting a previously unrecognized association between true umbilical cord knots and a subclinical extracellular matrix disorder. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Elsmén, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Umbilical Cord Levels of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Neonatal Outcome.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 89:4, s. 220-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies indicate that there may be infant gender differences in cytokine expression associated with differences in neonatal morbidity. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that umbilical cord interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) correlates with infant gender and neonatal outcome in preterm infants. Study Design: IL-1ra was measured in cord blood taken from 58 preterm infants (33 males, 25 females) with gestational age less than 32 weeks. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used for identifying IL-1ra values with high sensitivity and specificity for neonatal morbidity and adverse outcome, i.e., death or survival with severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia. Results: In the female infants, but not the male infants, cord IL-1ra values correlated with postnatal depression, expressed as Apgar scores at 1 min (correlation coefficient, r(s); p value: -0.542; 0.005), 5 min (-0.571; 0.018), and 10 min (-0.442; 0.035); and postnatal age at intubation (-0.799; 0.001). The ROC area under the curve (AUC) was 0.735 for adverse outcome (p = 0.013), and 0.683 for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.021) when all infants were included. However, there was a significant gender difference in the ROC curve for adverse outcome (p = 0.026), with AUC 0.640 (p = 0.240) in males and AUC 0.929 (p = 0.008) in females. Above a chosen cutoff at 13,500 ng/I for IL-1ra cord the sensitivity and specificity for predicting adverse outcome was 100 and 81%, respectively in females versus 50 and 84% in males. Conclusion: Increased levels of cord IL-1ra levels are associated with neonatal morbidity and adverse outcome in preterm infants. Comparable levels of IL-1ra have different predictive value depending on infant gender. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 4. |
- Evilevitch, L., et al.
(författare)
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Three-Day Enteral Exposure to a Red Kidney Bean Lectin Preparation Enhances the Pancreatic Response to CCK Stimulation in Suckling Pigs.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 87:1, s. 20-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A reason for the digestive problems that often occur around early weaning in piglets could be that the pancreas is not yet fully developed and the enzymes required for degradation of the solid food are not secreted in enough amounts. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of inducing pancreas maturation with enhanced enzyme secretion. Methods: 10-day-old suckling pigs were gavage fed with a red kidney bean lectin preparation for 3 days, and the pancreatic response to intravenous infusion of CCK-33 was measured in the anaesthetized animals fitted with pancreatic duct catheters. Results: The pancreatic fluid secretion, protein output, and the trypsin and amylase outputs were significantly increased in response to CCK stimulation after the lectin treatment, as compared to those of the control littermates (p le 0.05). In addition, the plasma insulin basal levels and those observed during CCK-33 stimulation were lower in the lectin-treated piglets. Conclusion: The results suggested that the lectin treatment led to an increase in the capacity for pancreatic enzyme secretion in the suckling piglets. An enhanced pancreatic function might help to ameliorate the problems that may appear in modern pig production which are associated with weaning.
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| 5. |
- Hansen-Pupp, I, et al.
(författare)
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Transdermal Suctioning Technique for Serial Sampling of Interstitial Fluid in Newborn Infants.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 87:3, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Overview:</i> Use of a suction-induced epidermal mini-erosion for serial sampling of dermal interstitial fluid (IF) in 16 newborn infants with gestational age ranging from 24 to 42 weeks is reported. <i>Results:</i> The mini-erosion formed reproducibly and electron microscopy showed that the split was located within the epidermis. IF was sampled serially by suctioning during 1–3 days without signs of stress or pain. IF sample volumes (10–50 µl) did not decrease with time. Glucose values in IF and blood were correlated (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.542; p = 0.000). IF glucose was lower than blood glucose on all 3 days. The epidermis regenerated within 4 ± 0.9 days (mean, SD) after sampling was terminated. There were no complications. <i>Conclusion:</i> Serial transdermal sampling was performed without stress or pain in newborn infants. Systemic and temporal differences between glucose measured in IF and blood were observed.
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| 6. |
- Kruszewska, Danuta, et al.
(författare)
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Enteral crude red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin--phytohemagglutinin--induces maturational changes in the enterocyte membrane proteins of suckling rats.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 84:2, s. 152-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the effect of enterally administered crude red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin, PHA, on the expression of brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) proteins, in particular Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), in the small intestine of suckling rats. Gavage of PHA to 14-day-old rats for 3 days resulted in altered protein/glycoprotein patterns as analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Immunoblots demonstrated the appearance of two 71- and 27-kD protein bands indicative for NHE3 - one of the NHE isoforms - and PHA, respectively. PHA treatment also resulted in an augmented uptake of 22Na+ by the BBMV indicating an increase in NHE activity. Overall, the data suggests that enteral PHA exposure may induce maturational changes in enterocyte membrane proteins in young rats. In view of these findings, an investigation into the addition of PHA to infant formulas and weaning diets is warranted.
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| 7. |
- Linderoth, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Enterally but not parenterally administered Phaseolus vulgaris lectin induces growth and precocious maturation of the gut in suckling rats
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 89:1-3, s. 60-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The lectin, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) has been shown to induce growth and functional maturation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in suckling rats. Objectives: To investigate the effect of the administration route, and whether enteral exposure to PHA was necessary to induce functional maturation. Methods: Fourteen-day-old rats were daily administered PHA via orogastric feeding (0.05 mg PHA/g BW) or via subcutaneous injection (0.05 or 0.005 mg PHA/g BW) for 3 days, while the controls received saline orogastrically. At 17 days of age, organ weight, intestinal and pancreatic function, and plasma corticosterone levels were analyzed. Moreover, 14-days old pups receiving a single dose of PHA, enterally or parenterally, were sacrificed after 12 h and examined for organ PHA binding using immunohistochemistry. Results: Enteral PHA exposure resulted in PHA binding in the epithelial lining of the small intestine, increased gastrointestinal growth, reduced intestinal macromolecular absorption, altered the disaccharidase expression towards an adult-like pattern, and increased the pancreatic protein and trypsin contents. In contrast, parenteral PHA exposure (high dose) resulted in PHA-binding in extra-intestinal organs, increased liver and spleen weight, and decreased thymus weight. Moreover, the intestinal maltase activity increased moderately, and the transfer of BSA to blood plasma was partially reduced. Both PHA treatments led to elevated plasma corticosterone levels. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that enteral exposure to PHA was necessary to induce the precocious maturation of the GI tract and the pancreas, while parenteral administration affects the extra-intestinal organs. Furthermore, the enteral effects were probably not mediated via a corticosteroid dependent pathway.
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| 8. |
- Sandberg, Kenneth, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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N-acetylcysteine administration during the first week of life does not improve lung function in extremely low birth weight infants
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biology of the neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 0006-3126 .- 1421-9727. ; 86:4, s. 275-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxygen toxicity is thought to be an important factor involved in development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the very preterm infant. Glutathione (GSH) plays a major role in the antioxidant defense system in the preterm lung and there are theoretical implications that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment could improve its function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether NAC treatment during the first week of life to preterm infants improved neonatal lung function as a measure of lung injury. The study was part of a multi-center Nordic controlled trial with prophylactic intravenous NAC treatment (16-32 mg/kg/day) for 6 days in newborn infants with birth weights 500-999 g. Lung mechanics, with calculations of compliance and resistance of the respiratory system, together with measurements of functional residual capacity and indices of gas mixing efficiency in the lung, were performed in 33 preterm infants (18 received NAC and 15 placebo) before discharge from the NICU. Median (range) gestational age was 25 (24-28) weeks in the NAC-treated infants and 25 (24-29) in the placebo group. Corresponding mean (SD) birth weights were 0.774 (0.11) and 0.761 (0.12) kg respectively. Lung function measurements did not show any significant differences between NAC-treated infants compared to placebo when examined before discharge from the NICU. We conclude that prophylactic NAC treatment to extremely low birth weight infants during the first week of life does not improve lung function at term.
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| 9. |
- Sohlstrom, A, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of oxytocin treatment in early life on body weight and corticosterone in adult offspring from ad libitum-fed and food-restricted rats
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 0006-3126 .- 1421-9727. ; 78:1, s. 33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the effects of maternal undernutrition during pregnancy on adult offspring with regard to growth, body composition and plasma levels of glucose, insulin and corticosterone, and (2) to investigate whether oxytocin treatment early in life could ameliorate the adverse effects of food restriction in utero. Pups from ad libitum-fed and food-restricted (60% of ad libitum intake during pregnancy) rats were injected subcutaneously once a day with oxytocin or saline on days 1-14 after birth. At adult age (62 days), male offspring from food-restricted darns had lower body weight, less adipose tissue, lower plasma glucose but higher corticosterone levels, compared to offspring from ad libitum-fed dams. However, oxytocin-treated food-restricted males had higher body weight, higher glucose and lower corticosterone levels compared to their saline-treated counterparts. In conclusion, oxytocin treatment early in life seems to ameliorate some of the adverse effects of food restriction in utero. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 10. |
- Sohlström, Annica, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin treatment during early life influences reproductive performance in ad libitum fed and food-restricted female rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 0006-3126 .- 1421-9727. ; 81:2, s. 132-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxytocin treatment may permanently alter endocrine axes resulting in anti-stress and anabolic effects. However, the nutritional status influences the effects of oxytocin. The specific aims of this study were to investigate the effects of postnatal oxytocin treatment on reproductive performance in adult life, by studying maternal weight gain, adiposity, plasma levels of IGF-I as well as fetal and placental weights in the following groups of animals: (1) Ad libitum fed dams coming from ad libitum fed mothers. (2) Ad libitum fed dams coming from food-restricted mothers. (3) Food-restricted dams coming from ad libitum fed mothers. (4) Food-restricted dams coming from food-restricted mothers. Oxytocin treatment postnatally had long-term effects and increased adiposity in pregnant dams and stimulated placental and fetal growth relative to saline-treated dams. However, if the dams themselves had been exposed to food restriction during fetal life, the effect of postnatal oxytocin treatment changed. The oxytocin-treated mothers were still fatter but had smaller fetuses. In conclusion, postnatal oxytocin treatment influences reproductive performance in later life but is dependent on the mother’s previous and current nutritional experience.
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