| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva A, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Maximal Aerobic Power versus Performance in Two Aerobic Endurance Tests among Young and Old Adults
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; :Aug, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Aerobic fitness is of great value for reducing risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the performance in and correlations between a new test (five-minute pyramid test, 5MPT), the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) among old and young adults. Methods: Forty-four habitually active adults (females and males), 23 old (64-79 years) and 21 young (20-32 years) participated. In the 5MPT, the participants moved back and forth along a short walkway (5.5 m) over boxes (height: 'old people' 0.42 m, 'young people' 0.62 m) arranged like an elongated step pyramid for 5 min. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT(power)) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body weight, gravity and highest box level divided by time. A 6MWT and a maximal cycle ergometer test for direct measurements of VO(2max) were also performed. In all tests heart rate, with on-line electrocardiography, and perceived exertion were recorded. Results: There was a strong correlation between the 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) for the entire group studied (r = 0.98), and each of the four subgroups old and young females and males separately (r = 0.78-0.98). Contrary to several earlier studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data showed that 6MWT cannot be used to predict VO(2max) among old females and young adults. The correlation with VO(2max) was weaker for the 6MWT than for the 5MPT(power). The relative performance values for the old compared to the young (ratio old/young × 100) were considerably lower in 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) (47-55%) than in distance and 'work' in the 6MWT (82-86%). Conclusions: The results, with age and gender variations, can be valuable information in health-fitness contexts, since measuring physical aerobic capacity is very significant in connection with risk evaluations of mortality and various diseases. The 5MPT is a rapid, functional, easy and inexpensive tool for predicting assessed maximal aerobic power.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-four-hour electrocardiography in a healthy elderly population
- 1988
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 34:3, s. 139-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-four hour electrocardiography was performed in fifteen 73-year-old and seventeen 82-year-old subjects without known cardiovascular disease. They were selected from a representative population of elderly people. All subjects showed supraventricular premature beats. Supraventricular tachycardia was seen in 63%. Eighty-four percent showed ventricular premature beats (VPBs), and more than two VPB configuration types were seen in 23% of the subjects. Episodes of intermittent atrial flutter and fibrillation, higher-degree atrioventricular blocks and ventricular tachycardia were absent or rare.
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 in Development and Disease: A Mini-Review
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 59, s. 240-249
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a protein hormone known to regulate cell proliferation, growth, migration, differentiation and survival. The gene is parentally imprinted in the sense that transcripts are almost exclusively derived from the paternal allele. Loss of imprinting of the IGF2 gene is a recurrent observation in growth disorders that combine overgrowth with a variety of malignant tumours. Moreover, IGF2 has been proposed to play a role in the development of a variety of seemingly unrelated cancers that play an important role in geriatric medicine, e.g. breast cancer, colon cancer and lung cancer. Finally, IGF2 has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, since, for example, IGF2 has been shown to influence the size of atherosclerotic lesions. Objective: To summarize current knowledge about IGF2, its interactions with binding proteins and receptors and connections with key diseases. Methods: The contents of this paper were based on reviews of existing literature within the field. Results: There is a substantial amount of research linking IGF2 to growth disorders, cancer and to a much lesser degree cardiovascular disease. Some of the studies on IGF2 and tumour growth have yielded conflicting results, for instance regarding its effect on apoptosis. Conclusion: Today, our knowledge on how IGF2 is composed and interacts with receptors has come a long way. However, there is comparatively little information on how IGF2 affects tumour growth and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Thus, further research will be needed to elucidate the impact of IGF2 on key diseases. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bolam, Kate A, et al.
(författare)
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The Osteogenic Effect of Impact-Loading and Resistance Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Older Men : A Pilot Study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 62:1, s. 22-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Regular exercise has been recommended as a potential strategy to counteract the age-related bone loss experienced by men; however, the optimal exercise prescription is not known.OBJECTIVE: To perform a pilot study to examine the osteogenic effect, safety and feasibility of a combined program of upper body resistance exercise and two doses of impact-loading exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) of middle-aged and older men.METHODS: Forty-two community-dwelling men aged 50-74 years were randomly assigned to either an exercise program of combined upper body resistance exercise and either high-dose impact-loading (HI; 80 jumps per session) or moderate-dose impact-loading (MOD; 40 jumps per session) or a control (CON) group. The 9-month intervention involved 4 sessions each week: 2 supervised clinic-based and 2 home-based. BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, trochanter and whole body as well as lean and fat mass were assessed at baseline and 9 months by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone turnover markers, hormone levels, physical function and muscle strength were also assessed.RESULTS: Following 9 months of training, significant differences in BMD among groups were found at the total hip (p = 0.010) and trochanter (p = 0.047) with BMD in the MOD group decreasing relative to the HI group. Although not significant, the HI group consistently preserved BMD, whereas BMD of the MOD and CON groups declined at the hip sites. Mean change for all groups at all skeletal sites was approximately within ±1%. There was no change in bone turnover markers. There were no adverse events as a result of the intervention; however, overall attendance for the HI and MOD groups was 53% (clinic: 68%, home: 38%) and 65% (clinic: 74%, home: 55%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that while impact-loading exercise can be safely undertaken in middle-aged and older men, the current combined program did not elicit significant improvements in BMD. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 6. |
- Bruton, M, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of High Mobility Group Protein B1 in Cardiac Tissue of Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease with or without Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0003 .- 0304-324X. ; 63:4, s. 337-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> It is known from clinical practice and observational studies that elderly patients with a diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) bear a significantly increased risk for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure. The molecular mechanism, however, is still not known. Recently, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous, highly conserved single polypeptide expressed in all mammal eukaryotic cells, has been identified to mediate myocardial dysfunction in vitro once released from the nuclei of cardiomyocytes. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate whether HMGB1 and its receptors are expressed in cardiac muscles of elderly patients with CAD with or without IRD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> HMGB1 and its 3 well-known receptors, receptor for advanced glycation end products, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4, were examined by immunohistochemistry on myocardial biopsy specimens from 18 elderly patients with CAD (10 with IRD, 8 without IRD). Furthermore, total HMGB1 protein levels were measured by Western blot from the cardiac biopsies in 5 patients with and 5 without IRD. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Pathologic cytosolic HMGB1 in cardiomyocytes was massively recorded in all patients with IRD, but only slightly expressed in 1 patient without IRD. Total HMGB1 levels were also consistently lower in myocardial muscle biopsies of patients with IRD compared to those without IRD. Furthermore, all 3 HMGB1 receptors were expressed in cardiomyocytes of all patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The increased cytosolic expression of HMGB1 in cardiomyocytes and the lower total amount of HMGB1 in the cardiac specimens of IRD patients is consistent with a greater release of HMGB1 from the myocardial nuclei in IRD than non-IRD individuals. Thus, the HMGB1 signaling pathways may be more easily activated in elderly CAD patients with concomitant IRD and trigger a detrimental inflammatory process causing severe cardiovascular problems. Therefore, targeting HMGB1 in IRD patients might reduce the risk for cardiovascular events.
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| 7. |
- Butcher, L, et al.
(författare)
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Higher sRAGE Levels Predict Mortality in Frail Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0003 .- 0304-324X. ; 67:2, s. 202-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The evidence that blood levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) predict mortality in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is inconsistent. To clarify this matter, we investigated if frailty status influences this association. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analysed data of 1,016 individuals (median age, 75 years) from 3 population-based European cohorts, enrolled in the FRAILOMIC project. Participants were stratified by history of CVD and frailty status. Mortality was recorded during 8 years of follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In adjusted Cox regression models, baseline serum sRAGE was positively associated with an increased risk of mortality in participants with CVD (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.09–2.49, <i>p</i> = 0.019) but not in non-CVD. Within the CVD group, the risk of death was markedly enhanced in the frail subgroup (CVD-F, HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.18–3.29, <i>p</i> = 0.009), compared to the non-frail subgroup (CVD-NF, HR 1.50, 95% CI 0.71–3.15, <i>p</i> = 0.287). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median survival time of CVD-F with high sRAGE (>1,554 pg/mL) was 2.9 years shorter than that of CVD-F with low sRAGE, whereas no survival difference was seen for CVD-NF. Area under the ROC curve analysis demonstrated that for CVD-F, addition of sRAGE to the prediction model increased its prognostic value. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Frailty status influences the relationship between sRAGE and mortality in older adults with CVD. sRAGE could be used as a prognostic marker of mortality for these individuals, particularly if they are also frail.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Reference Values for 27 Clinical Chemistry Tests in 70-Year-Old Males and Females
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 56:3, s. 259-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reference values are usually defined based on blood samples from healthy men or nonpregnant women in the age range of 20-50 years. These values are not optimal for elderly patients, as many biological markers change over time and adequate reference values are important for correct clinical decisions. Objective: To validate NORIP (Nordic Reference Interval Project) reference values in a 70-year-old population. Methods: We studied 27 frequently used laboratory tests. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for these markers were calculated according to the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry on the statistical treatment of reference values. Results: Reference values are reported for plasma alanine aminotransferase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, pancreas amylase, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, creatinine, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, glucose, gamma-glutamyltransferase, HDL-cholesterol, iron, lactate dehydrogenase, LDL-cholesterol, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, sodium, transferrin, triglycerides, urate and urea. Conclusion: Reference values calculated from the whole population and a subpopulation without cardiovascular disease showed strong concordance. Several of the reference interval limits were outside the 90% CI of a Scandinavian population (NORIP).
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| 9. |
- Derwinger, A, et al.
(författare)
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Forgetting numbers in old age: strategy and learning speed matter
- 2005
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 51:4, s. 277-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Memory intervention research with older adults has primarily focused on immediate effects of training. Little is known about whether memory training can prevent forgetting of a learned material over time. <i>Objective:</i> The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of memory training on forgetting of numerical information in old age. In addition, the effect of speed of learning on forgetting rate was examined. <i>Methods:</i> Two training programs were employed contrasting a number-consonant mnemonic strategy with a self-generated strategy. A non-practice control group was also included. There were 20 participants in each group (age range = 60–83 years). Following completion of training, participants memorized six 4-digit numbers to perfection. Retention was tested after 30 min, 24 h, 7 weeks, and 8 months. <i>Results:</i> The three groups showed equal rates of forgetting across the first two follow-up assessments. A different picture emerged for the last two occasions, with the self-generated strategy group remembering more items relative to the two other groups. Moreover, participants reaching the criterion in few trials exhibited less forgetting than slow learners. <i>Conclusions:</i> These data indicate that self-generated strategy training may have advantages over learning a classical mnemonic for preventing long-term forgetting of numeric materials in old age.
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| 10. |
- Dukic Willstrand, Tania, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Driving Characteristics of Older Drivers and Their Relationship to the Useful Field of View Test
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 63:2, s. 180-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To maintain the mobility of older people in later life, it is essential to sustain their autonomy; however, driving is a complex task, requiring a large range of visual, psychomotor and cognitive abilities. Subsequently, a key issue is to measure and evaluate the fitness to drive of older drivers. Several methods have been proposed, among them the useful field of view (UFOV) test.The present study aimed to identify driving characteristics in older drivers and the relationship between the UFOV test and the on-road driving results. A total of 80 drivers aged 70 years or older performed both the UFOV test and the on-road driving assessment. The ‘B On-Road' (Behaviour On-Road) protocol was used for the fitness-to-drive assessment. ‘Driving too fast' was the item reported most often during the on-road assessment, followed by problems with the manual gearbox and ‘attention to signs, road lines and traffic lights'. Overall, the results showed that the older the driver, the more errors were reported during the on-road driving assessment, as well as the slower the performance on the UFOV test. A significant relationship between the total number of on-road errors, as measured by the B On-Road protocol, and the UFOV 3, which stresses the capacity of selective attention, was found.The recommendation is still to use on-road driving assessment to fully assess fitness to drive for older drivers whose ability to drive requires assessment. However, to supplement this, the UFOV test, in particular the UFOV 3, is a valuable complement in selecting those drivers requiring to be assessed.
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