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- Berntson, Lillemor, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study Investigating Faecal Microbiota After Two Dietary Interventions in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991. ; 79:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is evidence for an impact of the gut microbiota on the immune system, which has consequences for inflammatory diseases. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) have been demonstrated as effective anti-inflammatory treatments for children with Crohn’s disease. We have previously shown an anti-inflammatory effect from these nutritional treatments in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this study was to investigate if improved clinical symptoms after EEN or SCD treatment in children with JIA could be linked to changes in faecal microbiota. We included sixteen patients with JIA (age 7–17 years), six for treatment with EEN and ten with SCD. EEN was given for 3–5 weeks and SCD for 4–5 weeks, with clinical and laboratory status assessed before and after treatment. Faecal samples were analysed for microbiota diversity and composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analyses of the faecal microbiota showed an effect on the overall composition with both interventions; the most striking result was a decreased relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium from EEN and of Bifidobacterium from SCD. The α-diversity decreased significantly from SCD (P = 0.04), but not from EEN (P = 0.22). Despite the study cohorts being small, both EEN and SCD were shown to impact the faecal microbiota. Future larger studies with a focus on metagenomics or metabolomics could possibly reveal a link and clarify the clinical effects of those nutritional regimens.
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| 4. |
- Dahlman, Disa, et al.
(författare)
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High Perineal and Overall Frequency of Staphylococcus aureus in People Who Inject Drugs, Compared to Non-Injectors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Current Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991. ; 74:2, s. 159-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the prevalence, distribution, and colonization burden of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and MRSA in different body sites among people who inject drugs (PWID) and compare it to a control group consisting of non-injectors. In this cross-sectional survey, 49 active PWID from the needle exchange program (NEP) in Malmö, Sweden, and 60 non-injecting controls from an emergency psychiatric inpatient ward at Malmö Addiction Centre were tested for S. aureus (including MRSA) by culture, PCR, and MALDI-TOF. Samples were taken from anterior nares, throat, perineum, and skin lesions if present. Sixty-seven percent of the PWID were colonized with S. aureus, compared to 50% of the controls (P = 0.08). Perineal carriage was significantly more frequent among PWID than in the control group [37 vs 17%, OR 2.96 (95% CI 1.13–7.75), P = 0.03], also after adjusting for sex and age in multivariate analysis [OR 4.01 (95% CI 1.34–12.03)]. Only one individual in the whole cohort (NEP participant) tested positive for MRSA. PWID may be more frequently colonized with S. aureus in the perineum than non-injection drug users, and there was a trend indicating more frequent overall S. aureus colonization in PWID, as well as higher perineal colonization burden. No indication of a high MRSA prevalence among PWID in Sweden was noted. However, further MRSA prevalence studies among PWID are needed. Knowledge about S. aureus colonization is important for the prevention of S. aureus infections with high morbidity in PWID.
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| 7. |
- Fallgren, Corina, et al.
(författare)
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The role of glycosaminoglycan binding of staphylococci in attachment to eukaryotic host cells
- 2001
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Ingår i: Current Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991. ; 43:1, s. 57-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attachment of microorganisms to host cells is believed to be a critical early step in microbial pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the known glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding activity of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in their attachment to six different eukaryotic cell lines. Three staphylococcal species expressing GAG binding capacity-S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. hemolyticus-were chosen for investigation. Six different eukaryotic cell lines, endothelial HUVEC and EA. hy 926 cells, epithelial A549 and HeLa S3 cells, fibroblasts HEL Sp 12 and macrophages J774.A1, were included. A modified ELISA with biotinylated bacteria was used for estimating the adhesion of staphylococci to each of the cell lines. Our results showed that staphylococci adhered to each of the cell lines studied, although the binding of CoNS strains to epithelial cells was lower than to the other cells. The attachment to all cell types could be partially decreased by pretreatment of the bacteria with various polysulfated agents (highest inhibition was 60%), as well as by chlorate and heparitinase treatment of the cells. These observations may suggest that at least one mode of staphylococcal attachment utilizes GAG chains present on the surface of virtually all adherent cells.
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| 8. |
- Furkert, FH, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Surface-Coated External Fixation Pins
- 2011
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Ingår i: Current Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991. ; 62:6, s. 1743-1751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In clinical applications, colonization of metal implants by adhesive and biofilm-forming bacteria not only prolong healing but create additional healthcare costs for implant revision and antimicrobial treatment. An in vitro assay was established investigating the antimicrobial surface activity of external fixation pins intended for use in bone fractures and deformities. Test articles made out of stainless steel and coated with a polymer-containing nanoparticulate silver were compared to non-coated reference controls out of stainless steel, copper and titanium. Staphylococcus epidermidis, known as a predominant cause for implant-related infections was used as test organism. Test pins and bacteria were incubated for a period of 20 h found to be sufficient for initiating biofilm formation. After removing non- and low-adherent bacteria by rinsing, two methods were used to isolate high-adherent (sessile) bacteria from the implant surfaces. Besides shaking the implants in a solution containing small glass beads, a cytobrush technique was used to mechanically harvest viable bacteria. Finally, the amount of detached bacteria was determined by plate counts. Several parameters identified to be critical within the different removal procedures such as the inoculum concentration and the shaking time in the presence of glass beads as well as time of the cytobrush treatment were analysed. The final test scheme resulted in the use of an inoculum of 105 colony forming units (CFU) per millilitre, ten rinsing steps for the removal of low adherent bacteria and 5 min of shaking in the presence of glass beads, detaching the high-adherent bacteria. Due to subjective variations impacting the outcome of the procedure, the cytobrush technique was not favoured and finally rejected. Using the in vitro assay developed, it could be demonstrated that fixation pins coated with silver show a 3 log step reduction in the number of biofilm-forming bacteria compared to a non-coated stainless steel or titanium implant. Pins made out of copper showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy, as the number of detached bacteria was found to be below the detection limit, they served as a positive control within this test.
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- Harirchi, Sharareh, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Calcium/Magnesium Ratio on the Biomass Production of a Novel Thermoalkaliphilic Aeribacillus pallidus Strain with Highly Heat-Resistant Spores
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Microbiology. - : Springer. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hot springs are fascinating extreme environments for the isolation of polyextremophilic microorganisms with extraordinary characteristics. Since polyextremophilic bacterial growth are not as high as routine bacteria, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some environmental factors on biomass and metabolites productions in the newly isolated strain, from Larijan hot spring in Iran. The strain was identified as Aeribacillus pallidus Lhs-10 and deposited as CCUG 72355 and IBRC-M 11202 in Sweden and Iran, respectively. This thermoalkaliphilic strain can grow best at 50 °C, pH 8 and in the presence of 25 g/l NaCl. The physiological characterization of this strain show that [Ca/Mg] ratio affect its growth and biomass production with the best results obtained at the ratio of 2.5. Moreover, lactic and acetic acids production by this strain was affected by pH, aeration, and temperature, where a metabolic shift was detected from lactate to acetate production when the culture was aerated. Besides, its spores could tolerate heating at 80, 85, 90, 95 and 98 °C for 30 min without any reduction in the initial spore population, whereas D-value was defined 50 min at 98 °C. This newly lactic acid-producing strain of A. pallidus can be a promising strain that can be used in the harsh conditions in industrial processes. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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