| 1. |
- Aal, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Electrodeposition of selenium from 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluromethylsulfonate
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-0768 .- 1432-8488. ; 16:9, s. 3027-3036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrodeposition of thin selenium (Se) films from 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluromethylsulfonate at room and elevated temperatures on gold and on copper substrates was studied under open-air conditions. The effect of bath temperature on the composition and structure of the deposited films was examined using cyclic voltammetry, chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The obtained results showed that on gold substrate and at room temperature, a reddish Se film grows mainly in amorphous, monoclinic, rhombohedral and hexagonal structure, while at temperatures a parts per thousand yen90 A degrees C, a grayish film of hexagonal and rhombohedral structure is deposited. Photoelectron spectroscopy shows that both films consist of pure Se with only slight surface contaminations by remnants from the electrodeposition. Due to the differences in phase structure and the presence of the monoclinic phase, the reddish films showed higher light absorbance. The band gap of the reddish film is close to that of pure amorphous Se reported in literature. Deposition on copper substrate leads to formation of CuSe and CuSe2 at room temperature and at 70 A degrees C, respectively.
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| 2. |
- Afif, A., et al.
(författare)
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Ceramic fuel cells using novel proton-conducting BaCe 0.5 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 Yb 0.05 Zn 0.05 O 3-δ electrolyte
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-0768 .- 1432-8488. ; 1:26, s. 111-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protonic ceramic fuel cells have become extremely interesting due to their high power output at the intermediate temperature range (400–700 °C). Significant progress has been made to develop electrolyte materials, doped barium cerates-zirconate, which gets the leading role due to its high chemical stability and high ionic conductivity. Here, we present a new composition BaCe0.5Zr0.3Y0.1Yb0.05Zn0.05O3-δ (BCZYYbZn05), where addition of 5 mol% Zn with Ce, Zr, Y, and Yb at the B-site of the perovskite material shows high stability with high conductivity. The material was synthesized by solid-state reaction route at 1400 °C which showed 98% relative density. Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data reveal an orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group. Thermogravimetric analysis shows about 1.06% weight loss from 200 to 1000 °C which is mainly related to the formation of the oxygen vacancies. In wet hydrogen atmosphere, this material shows higher conductivity and lower activation energy than dry hydrogen atmosphere indicates the conduction type as protonic conduction. The anode-supported single test cell based on this electrolyte material demonstrates peak power densities 649 mW cm−2 at 700 °C using conventional BSCF cathode, representing an important step toward commercially viable SOFC technology.
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| 3. |
- Afzal, Adeel, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical deposition of gold on indium zirconate (InZrOx with In/Zr atomic ratio 1.0) for high temperature automobile exhaust gas sensors
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : SPRINGER. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 19:9, s. 2859-2868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automobile exhaust gas emissions are causing serious damage to urban air quality in and around major cities of the world, which demands continuous monitoring of exhaust emissions. The chief components of automobile exhaust include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbons. Indium zirconate (InZrOx) and gold/indium zirconate (Au/InZrOx) composite nanopowders are believed to be interesting materials to detect these substances. To this end, characterization and gas sensing properties of InZrOx and Au/InZrOx composite nanopowders are discussed. InZrOx nanoparticles with In/Zr atomic ratio of 1.00 (+/- 0.05) are synthesized via pH-controlled co-precipitation of In and Zr salts in aqueous ammonia. Gold (Au) nanoparticles are subsequently deposited on InZrOx using an in situ sacrificial Au electrolysis procedure. The products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The gas sensing performance of Au/InZrOx composite nanopowder is studied by depositing a thick powder film on interdigitated electrode structures patterned on SiC substrate to facilitate high temperature operation. The resistivity of the Au/InZrOx layer is the sensor signal, and the sensors could be operated at 500-600 A degrees C, which is a suitable temperature range for engine exhaust measurements. The control sensing measurements reveal that Au/InZrOx composite nanopowder exhibits higher response towards 2-20 % O-2 gas as compared to pristine InZrOx nanoparticles. Further studies show that when applied to exhaust gases such as CO and nitric oxide (NO), the response of Au/InZrOx sensors is significantly higher towards NO in this temperature range. Thus, sensor performance characteristics of Au/InZrOx composite nanopowder are promising in terms of their applications in automobile exhaust emission control.
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| 4. |
- Agmo Hernandez, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the temporal distribution of the adhesion-spreading events of liposomes on a mercury electrode
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 13:7, s. 1111-1114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formal analysis of the mechanism of adhesion spreading of liposomes at mercury electrodes shares several characteristics with the mechanism of metal nucleation at electrodes. It is shown that the description of the temporal distribution of the adhesion-spreading events is similar to that of the temporal distribution of metal clusters. Both processes are stochastic in nature and can be described by the Poisson distribution. Using this approach, a previously proposed model for the overall adhesion-spreading mechanism, considering the formation of active sites on the liposome and the actual attachment of the liposomes to the mercury surface, is validated.
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| 5. |
- Agmo Hernandez, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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The overall adhesion-spreading process of liposomes on a mercury electrode is controlled by a mixed diffusion and reaction kinetics mechanism
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 13:4, s. 639-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using high-resolution chronoamperometric measurements, with sampling each 1.333 micro s, the initial step of the adhesion-spreading of liposomes on a mercury electrode was studied. These measurements allow getting a deeper insight into the first interaction of the liposomes with the mercury electrode, and they show that the overall adhesion-spreading process at different potentials is partially controlled by a fast but weak interaction equilibrium resulting in a mixed diffusion- and reaction-kinetics-controlled mechanism of the overall reaction.
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| 6. |
- Agmo Hernández, Víctor
(författare)
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The theory of metal electronucleation applied to the study of fundamental properties of liposomes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 17:2 (SI), s. 299-305
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This short review describes how the theory of electrochemical metal nucleation considering non-stationary effects due to the activation of latent nucleation sites has been successfully translated and applied to describe phenomena observed on lipid membranes. This rather unexpected connection is merely formal, but has resulted in a completely new approach in liposome research. It has been proposed that hydrophobic active sites spontaneously and constantly appear and disappear on lipid membranes. These sites control the affinity of liposomes for hydrophobic surfaces and determine the permeability of the lipid membrane to small hydrophilic molecules. Thus, the kinetic models for liposome adhesion on hydrophobic substrates and for the spontaneous leakage of liposomal content are identical to that of non-stationary nucleation mentioned above. Therefore, the broad scope of the available work on metal nucleation has facilitated the interpretation of the data obtained in liposome research. Future applications of the nucleation model in the realm of liposomes are also discussed.
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| 7. |
- Aitola, Kerttu, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon nanotube film replacing silver in high-efficiency solid-state dye solar cells employing polymer hole conductor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 19:10, s. 3139-3144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A semitransparent, flexible single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film was efficiently used in place of evaporated silver as the counter electrode of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymer-based solid-state dye solar cell (SSDSC): the solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of the SWCNT-SSDSC was 4.8 % when it was 5.2 % for the Ag-SSDSC. The efficiency difference stemmed from a 0.1-V difference in the open-circuit voltage, whose reason was speculated to be related to the different recombination processes in the two types of SSDSCs.
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| 8. |
- Ali Soomro, Razium, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled synthesis and electrochemical application of skein-shaped NiO nanostructures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 19:3, s. 913-922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple, economical and mild solution chemistry method was used to synthesize diverse nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures employing methionine as a growth-directing agent. The as-synthesized NiO nanostructures were observed to possess a unique skein-shape morphology with uniform spherical distribution. The NiO nanoskein (NiO NSk) formation was extensively studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, respectively. The unique NiO NSks exhibited better electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation in alkaline media, enabling the development of a highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The observed analytical properties included high sensitivity (1915 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2)), wide linear range (0.1-5.0 mM), low detection limit (0.7 mu M), higher stability and reproducibility. Moreover, the sensor is selective in the presence of interfering species such as ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DP) during the non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The worthy-of-notice electrocatalytic activity and economical feasible preparation of NiO NSk-shaped electroactive material for direct glucose-sensing applications make the present study of high interest for the fabrication of low-cost devices. A NiO NSk-based glucose sensor has also been employed for glucose determination in human serum with adequate results, suggesting high potential for the routine monitoring of glucose from biotechnology, clinical and food industry samples.
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| 9. |
- Bandara, T M W J, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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A polymer electrolyte containing ionic liquid for possible applications in photoelectrochemical solar cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 14:7, s. 1221-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various iodide ion conducting polymer electrolytes have been studied as candidate materials for fabricating photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells and energy storage devices. In this study, enhanced ionic conductivity values were obtained for the ionic liquid tetrahexylammonium iodide containing polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based plasticized electrolytes. The analysis of thermal properties revealed the existence of two phases in the electrolyte, and the conductivity measurements showed a marked conductivity enhancement during the melting of the plasticizer-rich phase of the electrolyte. Annealed electrolyte samples showed better conductivity than nonannealed samples, revealing the existence of hysteresis. The optimum conductivity was shown for the electrolytes with PEO:salt= 100:15 mass ratio, and this sample exhibited the minimum glass transition temperature of 72.2 °C. For this optimum PEO to salt ratio, the conductivity of nonannealed electrolyte was 4.4×10−4 S cm−1 and that of the annealed sample was 4.6×10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C. An all solid PEC solar cell was fabricated using this annealed electrolyte. The short circuit current density (ISC), the open circuit voltage (VOC), and the power conversion efficiency of the cell are 0.63 mA cm−2, 0.76 V, and 0.47% under the irradiation of 600 W m−2 light.
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| 10. |
- Bandara, T M W J, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Dependence of solar cell performance on the nature of alkaline counterion in gel polymer electrolytes containing binary iodides
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 21:6, s. 1571-1578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance of dye-sensitized nano-crystalline TiO2 thin film-based photo-electrochemical solar cells (PECSCs) containing gel polymer electrolytes is largely governed by the nature of the cation in the electrolyte. Dependence of the photovoltaic performance in these quasi-solid state PECSCs on the alkaline cation size has already been investigated for single cation iodide salt-based electrolytes. The present study reports the ionic conductivity dependence on the nature of alkaline cations (counterion) in a gel polymer electrolyte based on binary iodides. Polyacrylonitrile-based gel polymer electrolyte series containing binary iodide salts is prepared using one of the alkaline iodides (LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, and CsI) and tetrapropylammonium iodide (Pr4NI). All the electrolytes based on binary salts have shown conductivity enhancement compared to their single cation counterparts. When combined with Pr4NI, each of the Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ cation containing iodide salts incorporated in the gel electrolytes has shown a room temperature conductivity enhancement of 85.59, 12.03, 12.71, 20.77, and 15.36%, respectively. The conductivities of gel electrolytes containing binary iodide systems with Pr4NI and KI/RbI/CsI are higher and have shown values of 3.28, 3.43, and 3.23 mS cm(-1), respectively at room temperature. The influence of the nature of counterions on the performance of quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells is investigated by assembling two series of cells. All the binary cationic solar cells have shown more or less enhancements of open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, fill factor, and efficiency compared to their single cation counterparts. This work highlights the importance of employing binary cations (a large and a small) in electrolytes intended for quasi-solid state solar cells. The percentage of energy conversion efficiency enhancement shown for the PECSCs made with electrolytes containing Pr4NI along with Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ iodides is 260.27, 133.65, 65.27, 25.32, and 8.36%, respectively. The highest efficiency of 4.93% is shown by the solar cell containing KI and Pr4NI. However, the highest enhancements of ionic conductivity as well as the energy conversion efficiency were exhibited by the PECSC made with Li+-containing binary cationic electrolyte.
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