| 1. |
- Dauman, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-individual variability in tinnitus patients : Current thoughts and perspectives.
- 2015
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Ingår i: HNO (Berlin. Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0017-6192 .- 1433-0458. ; 63:4, s. 302-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most tinnitus studies have attempted to compare groups of individuals, thus revealing inter-individuals differences, i.e., variations between compared subjects. For methodological reasons, inter-individual studies cannot take into account the variability of tinnitus experience, which has been known for decades to be relevant in daily practice with tinnitus patients. The concept of intra-individual variability has been promoted in the research literature, in order to shed light on this aspect of individual perception. In previous studies, unrelated to hearing, the concept of intra-individual variability implied inclusion of the environment (i.e., physical and social interactions) as a factor of individual performance. In tinnitus research, we believe that the concept of variability (within a person) could find a place beside the concept of variation (between groups of subjects). In this paper, four perspectives of tinnitus experiences from the clinical and research fields are described: (1) ENT consultation; (2) short-term group psychotherapy; (3) psychodynamic psychotherapy; and (4) clinical psychological research. Intra-individual variability stresses the importance of defining tinnitus in a dynamic way, contrary to the current definition of tinnitus as the perception of sound(s). In clinical practice, it is useful to embrace the perspective of the perceiverof tinnitus, and to include social and cultural circumstances as well as audiological/physical changes.
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| 3. |
- Laurell, Göran
(författare)
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Pharmacological intervention in the field of ototoxicity
- 2019
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Ingår i: HNO (Berlin. Print). - : SPRINGER. - 0017-6192 .- 1433-0458. ; 67:6, s. 434-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern research on ototoxicity goes back to the 1940s, when streptomycin was introduced into clinical practice. Today, aminoglycoside antibiotics and platinum-based chemotherapy, mainly cisplatin, are the most important drugs that damage the inner ear and cause hearing loss. The mode of drug administration as well as drug characteristics influence the likelihood that adequate monitoring of drug pharmacokinetics can be performed. It is not possible to predict the individual risk of treatment with an ototoxic drug, but identification of high-risk treatment protocols is important. There are many studies ongoing with the aim of discovering and developing drugs to treat different types of inner ear disorders. The mechanisms of ototoxicity and subsequent loss of hearing function have been mapped in various experimental models and have provided us with useful information for developing protective treatment. When an ototoxic lesion is established, restoration of hearing function becomes more difficult. For both aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin, alarge number of otoprotectors have been suggested. Systemic co-administration of an otoprotector would be the easiest approach to avoid ototoxicity in patients but it may negatively affect the intended pharmacotherapeutic aim of the ototoxic drug. New pharmacological formulations are being developed for local otoprotective treatment. This short review focuses on results from clinical reports on otoprotection in patients treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin. So far there is limited evidence for the safe management of otoprotection in patients. Further high-quality studies are needed to provide reliable data on the safety and effectiveness of pharmacological interventions to reduce drug-induced hearing loss.
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| 4. |
- Lopez-Escamez, Jose A, et al.
(författare)
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M. Menière : Diagnostische Kriterien des Internationalen Klassifikationskomitees der Bárány-Gesellschaft
- 2017
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Ingår i: HNO. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0017-6192 .- 1433-0458. ; 65:11, s. 887-893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents diagnostic criteria for Menière’s disease jointly formulated by the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society, The Japan Society for Equilibrium Research, the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (EAONO), the Equilibrium Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) and the Korean Balance Society. The classification includes two categories: definite Menière’s disease and probable Menière’s disease. The diagnosis of definite Menière’s disease is based on clinical criteria and requires the observation of an episodic vertigo syndrome associated with low- to medium-frequency sensorineural hearing loss and fluctuating aural symptoms (hearing, tinnitus and/or fullness) in the affected ear. Duration of vertigo episodes is limited to a period between 20 min and 12 h. Probable Menière’s disease is a broader concept defined by episodic vestibular symptoms (vertigo or dizziness) associated with fluctuating aural symptoms occurring in a period from 20 min to 24 h.
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| 5. |
- Manzini, I., et al.
(författare)
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Wie wir riechen und was es für uns bedeutet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hno. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0017-6192 .- 1433-0458. ; 62:12, s. 846-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origins of the sense of smell lie in the perception of environmental molecules and go back to unicellular organisms such as bacteria. Odors transmit a multitude of information about the chemical composition of our environment. The sense of smell helps people and animals with orientation in space, warns of potential threats, influences the choice of sexual partners, regulates food intake and influences feelings and social behavior in general. The perception of odors begins in sensory neurons residing in the olfactory epithelium that express G protein-coupled receptors, the so-called olfactory receptors. The binding of odor molecules to olfactory receptors initiates a signal transduction cascade that converts olfactory stimuli into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the olfactory bulb, the first relay center in the olfactory pathway, via the axons of the sensory neurons. The olfactory information is processed in the bulb and then transferred to higher olfactory centers via axons of mitral cells, the bulbar projection neurons. This review describes the mechanisms involved in peripheral detection of odorants, outlines the further processing of olfactory information in higher olfactory centers and finally gives an overview of the overall significance of the ability to smell.
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| 6. |
- Mürbe, D., et al.
(författare)
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Stimmgattung professioneller Sänger : Einfluss von Stimmlippenlänge, Vokaltraktdimensionen und Körpermaßen
- 2011
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Ingår i: HNO (Berlin. Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0017-6192 .- 1433-0458. ; 59:6, s. 556-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professional voice performance is strongly affected by the functional adjustments of the structures involved in voice production. Generally, these functional skills are required by means of intensive training. On the other hand, the individual morphology of the larynx and vocal tract limits this functional variability. Thus, to neglect morphological conditions might result in voice problems. The present paper summarizes investigations on the influence of morphological measurements on the voice classification of professional singers. Vocal fold length, vocal tract length and body height have been found to differ systematically between sopranos, mezzosopranos, altos, tenors, baritones and basses. Although the knowledge of morphological measures does not permit a definite assignment or prediction of the individual voice classification, the data are valuable for counseling by voice teachers and phoniatricians. This might contribute to the prevention of voice disorders.
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| 9. |
- Istomin, S. Ya., et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure and high-temperature electrical conductivity of novel perovskite-related gallium and indium oxides
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 18:5, s. 1415-1423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel complex oxides Sr2Ga1+x In1-x O-5, x = 0.0-0.2 with brownmillerite-type structure were prepared in air at T = 1,273 K, 24 h. Study of the crystal structure of Sr2Ga1.1In0.9O5 refined using X-ray powder diffraction data (S.G. Icmm, a = 5.9694(1) , b = 15.2091(3) , c = 5.7122(1) , chi (2) = 2.48, R (F) (2) (=) 0.0504, R (p) = 0.0458) revealed ordering of Ga3+ and In3+ cations over tetrahedral and octahedral positions, respectively. A partial replacement of Sr2+ by La3+ according to formula Sr1-y La (y) Ga0.5In0.5O2.5+y/2, leads to the formation of a cubic perovskite (a = 4.0291(5) ) for y = 0.3. No ordering of oxygen vacancies or cations was observed in Sr0.7La0.3Ga0.5In0.5O2.65 as revealed by electron diffraction study. The trace diffusion coefficient (D (T)) of oxygen for cubic perovskite Sr0.7La0.3Ga0.5In0.5O2.65 is in the range 2.0 Au 10(-9)-6.3 Au 10(-8) cm(2)/s with activation energy 1.4(1) eV as determined by isotopic exchange depth profile technique using secondary ion mass spectrometry at 973-1,223 K. These values are close to those reported for Ca-doped ZrO2. High-temperature electrical conductivity of Sr0.7La0.3Ga0.5In0.5O2.65 studied by AC impedance was found to be nearly independent on oxygen partial pressure. Calculated values of activation energy at T < 1,073 K for hole and oxide-ion conductivities are 0.96 and 1.10 eV, respectively.
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