| 1. |
- Belgrano, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Linking Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) with Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Population Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 63:1, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fundamental challenge of the inclusion of the human dimension of the oceans in the Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) provides an opportunity for a transdisciplinary approach to create synergies between the current research by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). We have highlighted the importance of ocean inequality as a critical aspect to consider to unlock current barriers to integrate social sciences in marine integrated assessments. To create bridges between them, we develop an Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) framework that embraces the blue economy, equity, the UN SDGs goals and support an Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) for the oceans.
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| 2. |
- Belgrano, Andrea
(författare)
-
Linking Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) with Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Population Ecology. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 63, s. 102-107
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fundamental challenge of the inclusion of the human dimension of the oceans in the Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) provides an opportunity for a transdisciplinary approach to create synergies between the current research by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). We have highlighted the importance of ocean inequality as a critical aspect to consider to unlock current barriers to integrate social sciences in marine integrated assessments. To create bridges between them, we develop an Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) framework that embraces the blue economy, equity, the UN SDGs goals and support an Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) for the oceans.
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| 3. |
- Belgrano, Andrea
(författare)
-
Towards ecological, socioeconomic and cultural sustainability of marine ecosystem services
- 2020
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Ingår i: Population Ecology. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 63, s. 14-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ocean provides us a variety of ecosystem services such as the supply of fish and shellfish, the provision of opportunities to enjoy recreational diving in coral reefs, and the regulation of wave disaster impacts by coastal mangrove forests. This special feature presents the current status in various aspects of marine ecosystem services and gives an opportunity to consider their maintenance and sustainability for our future lives.
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| 4. |
- Björkman, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Outbreaking forest insect drives phase synchrony among sympatric folivores: Exploring potential mechanisms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Population Ecology. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 62, s. 372-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore a common feature of insect population dynamics, interspecific synchrony, which refers to synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric populations of different species. Such synchrony can arise via several possible mechanisms, including shared environmental effects and shared trophic interactions, but distinguishing the relative importance among different mechanisms can be challenging. We analyze interannual time series of population densities of the larch budmoth,Zeiraphera griseana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), along with six sympatric larch-feeding folivores from a site in the European Alps 1952-1979. These species include five lepidopterans,Exapate duratella,Ptycholomoides aeriferana,Spilonota laricana,Epirrita autumnataandTeleiodes saltuum, and one hymenopteran sawflyPristiphora laricis. We document that the highly regular oscillatory behavior (period 9-10 years) ofZ.griseanapopulations is similarly evident in the dynamics of most of the sympatric folivores. We also find that all of the sympatric species are phase synchronized withZ.griseanapopulations with half of the sympatric species exhibiting nonlagged phase synchrony and three of the species exhibiting 2-5 year lags behindZ.griseanapopulations. We adapt a previously developed tritrophic model ofZ.griseanadynamics to explore possible mechanisms responsible for observed phase synchronization. Results suggest that either shared stochastic influences (e.g., weather) or shared parasitoid impacts are likely causes of nonlagged phase synchronization. The model further indicates that observed patterns of lagged phase synchronization are most likely caused by either shared delayed induced host plant defenses or direct density-dependent effects shared withZ.griseana.
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| 5. |
- Hyytiäinen, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Provision of aquatic ecosystem services as a consequence of societal changes : The case of the Baltic Sea
- 2021
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Ingår i: Population Ecology. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 63:1, s. 61-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aquatic ecosystem services are important for human wellbeing, but they are much less studied than terrestrial ecosystem services. The objectives of this study are to broaden, itemize and exemplify the human‐nature interactions in modeling the future provision of aquatic ecosystem services. We include shared socioeconomic and representative concentration pathways, used extensively in climate research, as drivers of change for the future development of the Baltic Sea. Then we use biogeochemical and ecosystem models to demonstrate the future development of exemplary supporting, provisioning and cultural ecosystem services for two distinct combinations of regionally downscaled global climate and socioeconomic futures. According to the model simulations, the two global futures (“Sustainable well‐being” vs. “Fossil‐fuelled development”) studied lead to clearly deviating trajectories in the provision of marine ecosystem services. Under the “Sustainable well‐being”‐scenario primary production decreases by 20%, catches of demersal fish increases and the recreation opportunities increase significantly by the end of the ongoing century. Under the “fossil‐fuelled development”‐scenario primary production doubles, fisheries focus on less valued pelagic fish and the recreation possibilities will decrease. Long‐term projections of aquatic ecosystem services prepared for alternative global socioeconomic futures can be used by policy makers and managers to adaptively and iteratively adjust mitigation and adaptation effort with plausible future changes in the drivers of water pollution.
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| 6. |
- Nishijima, S., et al.
(författare)
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Towards ecological, socioeconomic and cultural sustainability of marine ecosystem services
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Population Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 63:1, s. 14-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ocean provides us a variety of ecosystem services such as the supply of fish and shellfish, the provision of opportunities to enjoy recreational diving in coral reefs, and the regulation of wave disaster impacts by coastal mangrove forests. This special feature presents the current status in various aspects of marine ecosystem services and gives an opportunity to consider their maintenance and sustainability for our future lives.
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| 7. |
- Aikio, Sami, et al.
(författare)
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Invasion under a trade-off between density dependence and maximum growth rate
- 2008
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Ingår i: Population Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1438-390X .- 1438-3896. ; 50:3, s. 307-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The invasion of alien species and genotypes is an increasing concern in contemporary ecology. A central question is, what life-history traits enable invasion amidst populations of wild species and conventional cultivars? In order to invade, the initially rare species must perform better than their resident competitors. We conducted a mathematical analysis and simulation of a two-species extension of the Maynard Smith and Slatkin model for population dynamics in discrete time to study the role of density dependence as different types of competition in the invasion of new species. The type of density dependence ranged from scramble to contest competition. This led to intrinsic dynamics of the species range from point equilibrium to cycles and chaos. The traits were treated either as free parameters or constrained by a trade-off resulting from a common fixed strength of density dependence or equilibrium density. Resident and intruder traits had up to ten-fold differences in all of the parameters investigated. Higher equilibrium density of the intruder allowed invasion. Under constrained equilibrium density, an intrinsically stable intruder could invade an unstable resident population. Scramble competition made a population more susceptible to invasion than contest competition (e.g., limitation by light or territory availability). This predicts that a population which is mainly limited by food (or nutrients in plants) is more likely to be invaded than a population limited by a hierarchical competition, such as light among plants. The intruder population may have an effect on the resident population's dynamics, which makes the traditional invasion analysis unable to predict invasion outcome.
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| 8. |
- Bartolino, Valerio
(författare)
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A frequency distribution approach to hotspot identification
- 2011
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Ingår i: Population Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 53, s. 351-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new global method for the identification of hotspots in conservation and ecology. The method is based on the identification of spatial structure properties through cumulative relative frequency distributions curves, and is tested with two case studies, the identification of fish density hotspots and terrestrial vertebrate species diversity hotspots. Results from the frequency distribution method are compared with those from standard techniques among local, partially local and global methods. Our approach offers the main advantage to be independent from the selection of any threshold, neighborhood, or other parameter that affect most of the currently available methods for hotspot analysis. The two case studies show how such elements of arbitrariness of the traditional methods influence both size and location of the identified hotspots, and how this new global method can be used for a more objective selection of hotspots.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Björkman, Christer
(författare)
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Nonadditive interactions between trophic levels bias the appraisal of the strength of mortality factors
- 2012
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Ingår i: Population Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 54, s. 125-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of bottom-up and top-down factors in determining the abundance of organisms is still often evaluated in terms of the nominal (i.e., apparent) cause of death. To determine whether estimates of mortality can be influenced by nonadditive multitrophic interactions, we generated both marginal (i.e., the entirety of mortality attributable to a given factor, including its obscured fraction) and nominal estimates of the trophic forces acting on an herbivore. This was accomplished by comparing mortality rates of the willow leaf beetle Phratora vulgatissima on willows affected or relatively unaffected by local growing conditions, in the presence or absence of natural enemies. Marginal estimates indicated that bottom-up and top-down mortality factors interacted in a synergistic or compensatory way, with the nature of the interaction varying in response to the time elapsed since the last harvest of willow plantations. In contrast, nominal estimates could not discriminate synergistic and compensatory interactions from top-down influence. Combined with recent evidence of compensatory mortality between trophic forces in another system, this study suggests that nonadditive effects between bottom-up and top-down mortality factors may be common, offering an explanation through which the contrasting evidences previously presented by proponents of the bottom-up and top-down views can be understood.
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