| 1. |
- Amin, Muhammad, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Coin-cell Supercapacitors Based on CVD Grown and Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers (VACNFs)
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1452-3981. ; 12:7, s. 6653-6661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complete supercapacitors (SCs) comprising vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) as electrode materials have been assembled as coin-cells. The VACNFs were grown directly onto the current collector by direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (DC-PECVD), thereby providing excellent contact with the current collector, but also eliminating the need of any binder. The vertical alignment facilitates fast ion transport and the electrolyte to access the entire surface of the CNFs. The morphology of the VACNFs was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the performance was assessed by several methods: cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and device related cycling by galvanostatic charge/discharge. The capacitance, 3.64 mF/cm2 , is >15 times higher than the capacitance of a coin-cell without CNFs and the cyclic performance shows these proof-of-concept SCs to retain >80% of the capacitance after 2000 full charge/discharge cycles. The direct growth of VACNFs as electrodes at the current collector opens pathways for SC production using existing coin-cell battery production technology.
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| 2. |
- Bettini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Nature of current increase for a CoCrMo alloy : "transpassive" dissolution vs. water oxidation
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - 1452-3981. ; 8:10, s. 11791-11804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The “transpassive” behavior of a CoCrMo alloy has been investigated to clarify the nature of the current increase at high anodic potential (0.5-0.7 VAg/AgCl). The total amount of released metal ions was determined after the potentiostatic measurements. According to the calculation through Faradays’ law, the metal dissolution only contributes to part of the total current recorded. Electrochemical AFM mapping did not show pronounced topography changes at 0.65 VAg/AgCl, while light optical microscopy observation revealed fast evolution of oxygen bubbles. Evidently water oxidation is another important process largely contributing to the current increase at the high potential.
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| 3. |
- Bettini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Study of Corrosion Behavior of a 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel : Influence of Quenched-in and Isothermal Nitrides
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - 1452-3981. ; 9:1, s. 61-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precipitation of different types of chromium nitrides may occur during processing of super duplex stainless steels, affecting the properties of the material. In this study the influence of quenched-in (size range ca. 50-100 nm) and isothermal (size range ca. 80-250 nm) types of nitrides on the corrosion behavior of a 2507 super duplex stainless steel has been investigated at room temperature and at 90 degrees C (above the critical pitting temperature) in 1 M NaCl solution. The microstructure has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy. The isothermal nitrides exhibit a higher Volta potential compared to the matrix, but such difference could not be observed for the quenched-in nitrides. In-situ electrochemical AFM measurements at room temperature show stable surfaces for a wide range of applied potentials despite the presence of either type of nitrides. In the transpassive region isothermal nitrides appear to be slightly more deleterious than quenched-in nitrides. At 90 degrees C isothermal nitrides largely reduce the corrosion resistance of the austenite phase, while the quenched-in nitrides reduce the corrosion resistance of the material to a much lesser extent. The size difference between isothermal and quenched-in chromium nitrides may be crucial, in particular above the critical pitting temperature.
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| 4. |
- El-Kemary, Maged, et al.
(författare)
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Calendula officinalis-mediated biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Electrochemical and Optical Characterization
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1452-3981. ; 11:12, s. 10795-10805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metal nanoparticles synthesis is highly explored field of nanotechnology. The biological methods seem to be more effective. A simple and elegant method is adopted to prepare Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a single step using Calendula officinalis extract (COE) as reducing and stabilizing agent. The plant extract is mixed with AgNO3 to get biosynthesized AgNPs. The biosynthesized AgNPs were both optically and electrochemically characterized by UV-Vis, Infrared spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Zeta potential and Cyclic Voltammetry. The results showed Calendula officinalis extract is a useful bioreductant for the synthesis of AgNPs. This study infers that the size of biosynthesized AgNPs ranges from 30 to 50 nm. The surface plasmon resonance peak in the UV-Vis absorption spectra shows maximum absorption at 435 nm. Fluorescence spectra of silver nanoparticles, which show an emission peak at 468 nm have also been studied. Zeta potential analysis ensured the biosynthesized AgNPs are highly stable. Using this environmentally friendly method of biological AgNPs production supplies rates of biosynthesis facile in comparison with other chemical and engineered routes. The employment of traditional medicine in biosynthesis protocols can potentially open new doors in various human health and well-being implications such as cosmetics, foods and medicine.
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| 5. |
- Fan, Liangdong, et al.
(författare)
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Proton and Oxygen Ionic Conductivity of Doped Ceria-Carbonate Composite by Modified Wagner Polarization
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - 1452-3981. ; 7:9, s. 8420-8435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impressive ionic conductivity and tunable conduction behaviors have made the ceria-carbonate composite an attractive electrolyte for low temperature ceramic fuel cells. However, the conduction mechanism is not yet well studied. In the present study, both proton and oxygen ion conductivity as well as the transport properties of samaria-doped ceria/ sodium-lithium-carbonate (denoted as SDCLN) composite are investigated by the fuel cell study and the modified Hebb-Wagner polarization measurements. The multi-ionic polarization behaviors and the transfer processes in composite electrolyte under external electrical field are analyzed. A maximum power density of 780 mW cm(-2) and a calculated total ion (proton and oxygen ion) conductivity of 0.153 S cm(-1) are obtained under H-2/air condition at 550 degrees C. The Wagner DC polarization measurements show that the proton conduction dominates the total ionic conductivity. A synergistic effect exists between the charge carriers in the doped ceria-carbonate composite system. An ideal interfacial conduction model is also proposed based on the obtained results.
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| 6. |
- Fathy, Marwa, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-solid-state Electrolyte for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Nanofiber PMA-PVDF and PMA-PVDF/PEG Membranes
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1452-3981. ; 11:7, s. 6064-6077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel electrospun membranes quasi-solid electrolytes based on blends of polymethylacrylate (PMA) - polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and PMA-PVDF/PEG (polyethylene glycol) are prepared by electrospinning technique and applied as quasi-solid state electrolytes in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The membranes are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The crystallinity obtained from the DSC data increased with the increase of PVDF wt% in PMA-PVDF blend and then decreased for the PMA-PVDF/PEG membranes. The fully interconnected porous structure of the host polymer membranes of PMA-PVDF (4: 6 wt%) exhibited a high electrolyte uptake reached to similar to 265% and an ionic conductivity of 2.1x10(-3) S cm(-1), which is increased to 406.3%, and 3.2 x 10(-3) S cm(-1), respectively for PMA-PVDF/PEG (4: 6: 4 wt%) membrane. DSSC is assembled by PMA-PVDF(4: 6 wt%) and attained an overall energy conversion efficiency of 6.6% at light intensity of 100 mW cm(-2). The presence of 4 w% PEG in the electrolyte membrane increased the energy conversion efficiency to 7 % giving a promise candidate for scaling up this type of DSSCs.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Fragkou, Vasiliki, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the Real Surface Area of a Screen-Printed Electrode by Chronocoulometry
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - : ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE GROUP, A SPOMENICE 7/12 , 19210 BOR, BELGRADE, VJ 12, SERBIA. - 1452-3981. ; 7:7, s. 6214-6220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple and effective method applying chronocoulometry and cyclic voltammetry to the determination of the real surface area of a screen-printed electrode, for the first time, is reported. The method is based on the Anson plot and the standard addition method. This method could greatly facilitate determination of the real surface area of commercial screen-printed electrodes, which still remains underdeveloped despite the critical importance of quality control in this industry.
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| 9. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Surface Oxide Characteristics and Speciation on Corrosion, Electrochemical Properties and Metal Release of Atomized 316L Stainless Steel Powders
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - 1452-3981. ; 7:12, s. 11655-11677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface oxide characteristics of powder particles are important to consider for any toxicological risk assessment based on in-vitro or in-vivo tests. This study focuses on a multi-analytical approach (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, and different electrochemical techniques) for in-depth characterization of surface oxides of inert-gas-atomized (GA) AISI 316L stainless steel powder, compared with massive sheet and a water-atomized (WA) 316L powder. Implications of differences in surface oxide phases and their surface distribution on corrosion, electrochemical properties and metal release are systematically discussed. Cr was enriched in an inner surface layer for both GA powders, with Mn and S enriched in the outermost surface oxide. The surface oxide was 2-5 nm thick for both GA powder size fractions, amorphous for the GA powder sized <4 μm and partially crystalline for the powder sized <45 μm. A strong ennoblement, i.e. positive shift in open circuit potential, of up to 800 mV, depending on solution, was observed for the GA powders. This ennoblement was induced by catalytic oxygen reduction properties of tri- or tetravalent Mn-oxides, not present on the massive sheet or WA powder. In contrast to the predominant presence of a trivalent Cr-oxide in the surface oxide of the GA powder particles, the WA<45μm powder revealed oxidized Cr, most probably present in its hexavalent state (not chromate), within a silicate-rich surface oxide. This study clearly shows that the surface oxide composition and speciation of differently sized GA and WA powders are unique (strongly connected to the atomization process) and of large importance for their pitting corrosion and metal release properties. For the GA<45μm powder, Mn-rich oxide nanoparticles were proposed to account for its higher pitting corrosion susceptibility, a more stable surface ennoblement, and a shift of the MnO2 oxidation/reduction peaks in the cyclic voltammogram, compared with the GA particles sized <4μm. The thermodynamically unstable ferritic structure of the small sized particle fraction (GA <4μm), despite an austenitic composition, revealed a higher pitting corrosion susceptibility and higher nickel release compared with the austenitic particle fraction of the GA <45 μm powder.
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| 10. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, et al.
(författare)
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Micro-Capillary Electrochemical and Microscopic Investigations of Massive and Individual Micrometer-Sized Powder Particles of Stainless Steel 316L
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - 1452-3981. ; 7:12, s. 11678-11695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Material properties, corrosion, and metal release from stainless steel powders are important factors to assess any occupational health hazards. This paper elucidates the corrosion behavior of stainless steel particles (inert-gas-atomized AISI 316L powders sized < 45μm, polished and non-polished) compared with corresponding massive low-sulfur bulk sheet material. Electrochemical measurements using a microcapillary technique are compared with ex-situ optical and scanning electron microscopy imaging and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis on the same area of individual particles. Non-polished 316L particles were significantly more passive compared to polished massive sheet and polished particles that in general showed a similar corrosion behavior. Corrosion was not induced by bulk compositional differences but could be attributed to surface inhomogeneities. The results are in agreement with the high passivity of non-polished particles in macroscopic studies, an effect caused by an unique surface oxide, characterized in part I of this paper series.
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