| 1. |
- Alderotti, Giammarco, et al.
(författare)
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Natives' and migrants' employment uncertainty and childbearing during the great recession : a comparison between Italy and Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 25:4, s. 539-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study contributes to the empirical research on the fertility decline registered in Europe in the aftermath of the Great Recession adopting a comparative perspective. We explore childbearing behavior during the crisis across three dimensions of vulnerability: migration background (measured as: country of origin and length of stay in the destination country), labor market uncertainty, and country of residence. We compare childbearing behavior by parity among native and migrant women with different employment statuses in Sweden and Italy. Using the Swedish population registers and the Italian Labor Force Survey, we investigate the change in childbearing probabilities between the pre-crisis (2006–2009) and the years following the onset of the crisis (2010–2015). We find that the chances of motherhood in the aftermath of the Great Recession decreased substantially among recently arrived migrant women, but also among unemployed natives and women with unstable careers. The migration and labor market vulnerabilities, however, do not accumulate: unemployment and career instability negatively affect only native women’s probability of motherhood. Finally, the country comparison demonstrates that while the duration of stay and the weaker labor market attachment reduces the chances of motherhood in both contexts, the negative effect of unemployment is particularly strong in Italy.
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| 2. |
- Bang Carlsen, Hjalmar, et al.
(författare)
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Ukrainian refugee solidarity mobilization online
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to UNHRC, approximately 5 million refugees fled Ukraine between the 24th of February and the 17th of April 2022. Governments and civil societies all over Europe face a major task of mobilizing resources to address the refugees' welfare needs. This effort is partly dependent upon the mobilization of informal civil society. In this research note, we present preliminary findings on the online mobilization of informal civic action pertaining to informal groups' temporal, geographical, and practical dimensions. Furthermore, we outline simple procedures for obtaining data on online-organized volunteering, aiming to enhance other civil society researchers' access to studying the phenomenon.
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| 3. |
- Baranowska, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Determinants Of Youth Temporary Employment In The Enlarged Europe : Do Labour Market Institutions Matter?
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 12:3, s. 367-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article uses comparative micro data from the 2004 European Union Labour Force Survey (EULFS) for 23 European countries to study the impact of labour market institutions on the youth relative temporary employment probability. We find relatively high temporary employment rates for young workers in all countries but also a large cross-country variation in this respect. The results of multi-level regression analyses confirm that neither employment protection of regular contracts nor its interaction with the level of employment protection of temporary contracts affects the young people's relative risk. Instead, we find a positive association between collective bargaining coverage as a measure of insider–outsider cleavages and the relative temporary employment risk of young persons. These results remain robust even after controlling for macro-structural conditions, such as unemployment rate and business uncertainty.
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| 4. |
- Bauhr, Monika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Stand together or alone? Public support for European economic solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 23:4, s. 533-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Union has launched one of the largest assistance packages in EU history, where all 27 EU member states are asked to jointly borrow 500 billion Euros to finance grants to areas hardest hit by the crises. Despite the unprecedented size of this package, we know less about citizens' support for such a common EU response to the crises. Using unique data from a representative survey in Germany, Italy and Romania, this study shows that while average levels of public support for cross-border financial assistance varies across countries, individual-level determinants are generally unrelated to perceptions of the crises as such. Instead, slow moving factors unrelated to the crises, including general value orientation, cosmopolitanism and trust determine expressions of cross-border social solidarity. We discuss implications for understanding public responses to major crises and long-term support for a common EU response.
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| 5. |
- Behtoui, Alireza
(författare)
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The Distribution and Return of Social Capital : Evidence from Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 9:3, s. 383-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the role of social capital in the status attainment process and examines the link between the hiring process and the potential pool of social capital embedded in a person's network. The analysis is based on a sample of people newly employed by the municipal services in Malmö, the third largest city in Sweden. Jobs in this sector of labour market are mainly low-paid, and are dominated by women and immigrants. The position generator method is used to measure social capital, understood as assets captured by individuals in social networks. The findings demonstrate that access to social capital is positively related to work experience, a higher educational level, having a partner, and active membership of voluntary associations. It is also apparent that being an immigrant is associated with a substantial social capital deficit. Regarding the return on capital, the results show that both human capital and social capital were rewarded with higher wages and more adequate jobs. Furthermore, we found that social capital is associated with better labour market outcomes, whether or not respondents reported that they obtained their current jobs using informal job-search methods. Results also show similar returns on access to social capital for natives and immigrants.
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Tomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived employability in difficult economic times. The significance of education systems and labour market policies.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Societies: The Official Journal of the European Sociological Association. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696. ; 17:5, s. 674-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on current European employment policy, promoting the individual's responsibility for remaining employable. Within this supply-oriented framework, general political responsibilities of both increasing the demand for labour and facilitating the development of human capital through training and education opportunities are less emphasized than the individual's own responsibility to remain attractive for employers. In an analysis of perceived opportunities among European employees, we argue that the concept of ‘employment security’ can lift the individualized perspective on employability skills and attributes to a more structural and institutional perspective. To enhance individuals’ chances of finding a job, educational and lifelong learning policies and active labour market measures are believed to be important factors, besides general demand in the labour market. Through multi-level modelling, we analyse the significance of individual and contextual factors on employees’ perception of their chances in the labour market. The data used are from the European Social Survey (2010), including data from 21 countries. Our results indicate that employability cannot solely be regarded as an individual phenomenon relying on individual characteristics. We also need to focus on the institutional context enabling the individual to remain in employment in the existing mobile and risky labour market.
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| 7. |
- Boye, Katarina, 1975-
(författare)
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Time spent working : paid work, housework and the gender difference in psychological distress
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 12:3, s. 419-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the connection between the time that women and men spend on paid work and housework and psychological distress, and addresses the question whether gender differences in time spent on these activities account for the gender difference in psychological distress. A group (n =1,277) of employed and cohabiting women and men from the Swedish Level-of-Living Survey 2000 (LNU 2000) are analysed using OLS regression. Results show that time spent on housework explains part of the gender difference in psychological distress. Among women, paid working time and possibly time spent on housework are associated with low psychological distress. However, spending too much time on one role decreases the possible beneficial effect of the other, and this is mainly caused by the resulting increase in total role time. Men's level of psychological distress is not associated with hours of paid work or housework. The study also shows that the division of housework between women and men is unusually uneven in households where women have a long total role time. Thus, an increase in men's participation in housework could decrease the gender difference in psychological distress as well as the number of women experiencing a high workload.
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| 8. |
- Bukodi, Erzsébet, et al.
(författare)
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Linking the macro to the micro : a multidimensional approach to educational inequalities in four European countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 20:1, s. 26-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research into educational inequalities has shown the importance of decomposing social origins into parental class, status and education, representing economic, socio-cultural and educational family resources, respectively. But we know little about how inequalities in educational attainment at the micro-level map onto institutional characteristics of educational systems at the macro-level, if we treat social origins in a multidimensional way. Drawing on the rich over-time variation in educational systems in four European countries–Britain, Sweden, Germany and Italy–this paper develops and tests a number of hypotheses regarding the effects of various components of social origins on individuals’ educational attainment in different institutional contexts. It is evident from our results that a great deal of similarity exists across nations with different educational systems inthe persisting importance for individuals’ educational attainment of parental class, status and education. But our findings also indicate that changes in the institutional features of educational systems have, in some instances although not in others, served to reinforce or to offset the social processes generating educational inequalities at the micro level.
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| 9. |
- Bäckman, Olof, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term consequences of being not in employment, education or training as a young adult. Stability and change in three Swedish birth cohorts
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 18:2, s. 136-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we analyse the development of young adults not in education, employment or training (NEET) in three complete Swedish birth cohorts born in 1975, 1980 and 1985. We analyse the risk for future labour-market exclusion among NEETs, and how this risk varies between three birth cohorts who made the transition from school to work during periods characterised by different opportunity structures for young adults. Analyses using propensity score matching with repeated outcomes show that belonging to the NEET-group in early adulthood has an independent effect on the development of subsequent labour-market risk for both men and women. Moreover, this effect increases across the cohorts. The fact that the degree of labour-market attachment has clear and long-lasting implications indicates that the problems associated with being NEET cannot be reduced to a transient phase. Rather, it seems as though being NEET may be both a step on an already unfavourable life career and a triggering factor for social exclusion.
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| 10. |
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