| 1. |
- Baba, Sachiko, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of Snuff and Smoking Habits in Early Pregnancy on Risks for Stillbirth and Early Neonatal Mortality
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nicotine & tobacco research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-2203 .- 1469-994X. ; 16:1, s. 78-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prenatal exposure to Swedish snuff (including nicotine and other components in grinded tobacco) is reported to increase stillbirth risk, but the effect of snuff on early neonatal mortality is unknown. Prenatal smoking exposure is associated with risks for both stillbirth and early neonatal mortality. We aimed to study if women who quit using snuff or quit smoking before first antenatal visit reduce their risks. In a nationwide study of 851,371 singleton births in Sweden from 1999 to 2010, we used multiple logistic regression models to examine associations between cessation or continuation of snuff use or smoking and risks for stillbirth (at 28 weeks or later) and early neonatal mortality (death during the first week of life). Compared with nontobacco users, snuff users and smokers in early pregnancy had increased risks for stillbirths, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were 1.43 (1.021.99) and 1.59 (1.401.80), respectively. Women who stopped using snuff or stopped smoking before first visit to antenatal care had no increased risks. Compared with nontobacco users, smokers had an increased risk for early neonatal mortality (adjusted OR 1.37 [95% CI 1.111.71]). Women who stopped smoking and snuff users in early pregnancy had no increased risks of early neonatal mortality. Both snuff and smoking influence risk for stillbirth, and women who stop using snuff or smoking have a similar stillbirth risk as nontobacco users. Smoking but not snuff use influences risk for early neonatal mortality.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Cederblad, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
The Combined Effects of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Tobacco Products, and Ethanol on Normal Resting Blood Mononuclear Cells
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nicotine & tobacco research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-2203 .- 1469-994X. ; 15:5, s. 890-895
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Tobacco and ethanol consumption are crucial factors in the development of various diseases including cancer. In this investigation, we evaluated the combined effects of a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with ethanol and tobacco products on healthy individuals. Methods: Pure nicotine, cigarette smoke extract, and Swedish snuff (snus) extract were used. The effects were examined by means of in vitro cell cycle progression and cell death of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors. Results: After 3 days, in vitro, resting PBMCs entered the S and G2 stage in the presence of 100 mu M nicotine. The PBMCs only proceeded to S stage, in the presence of 0.2% ethanol. The nicotine- and ethanol-induced normal cell cycle progression correlated to a number of SNPs in the IL12RB2, Rad 52, XRCC2, P53, CCND3, and ABCA1 genes. Certain SNPs in Caspases 8, IL12RB2, Rad 52, MMP2, and MDM2 genes appeared to significantly influence the effects of EtOH-, snus-, and snus + EtOH-induced cell death. Importantly, the highest degree of cell death was observed in the presence of smoke + EtOH. The amount of cell death under this treatment condition also correlated to specific SNPs, located in the MDM2, ABCA1, or GASC1 genes. Conclusions: Cigarette smoke in combination with ethanol strongly induced massive cell death. Long-term exposure to smoke and ethanol could provoke chronic inflammation, and this could be the initiation of disease including the development of cancer at various sites.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Digard, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Determination of Nicotine Absorption from Multiple Tobacco Products and Nicotine Gum
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1469-994X .- 1462-2203. ; 15:1, s. 255-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snus is a smokeless tobacco product traditionally used in Scandinavia and available in pouched or loose forms. The objective of this study was to determine nicotine absorption for current pouched and loose snus products in comparison with a cigarette and an over-the-counter nicotine gum. We conducted an open-label, randomized, 6-way, crossover study involving 20 healthy snus and cigarette users. One of 6 products (2 pouched snus, 2 weights of loose snus, a cigarette, and a nicotine gum) was administered at each of 6 visits. Blood samples were taken at intervals over 120 min and sensory perception assessed by questionnaire. For the 4 smokeless tobacco products and the nicotine gum, blood plasma levels of nicotine were ranked according to total nicotine content as follows: loose snus (27.1 mg nicotine) > pouched snus (14.7 mg nicotine) > loose snus (10.8 mg nicotine) = pouched snus (10.7 mg nicotine) > nicotine gum (4.2 mg nicotine). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (C-max) of nicotine ranged from 26.9 to 13.1 ng.h/ml and 17.9 to 9.1 ng.h/ml, respectively across all the products. Nicotine was absorbed more rapidly from the cigarette but systemic exposure was within the range of the smokeless tobacco products (AUC = 14.8 ng.h/ml; C-max = 12.8 ng.h/ml). This study has generated new information on comparative nicotine absorption from a cigarette, loose snus, and pouched snus typical of products sold in Scandinavia. The similar nicotine absorption for 1 g portions of loose and pouched snus with approximately 11 mg of nicotine indicate that absorption kinetics were dependent on quantity of tobacco by weight and total nicotine content rather than product form.
|
|
| 9. |
- Donatelle, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
-
Incentives in smoking cessation: status of the field and implications for research and practice with pregnant smokers.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-2203. ; 6 Suppl 2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the rationale and empirical evidence for the use of incentive and contingency management strategies for smoking cessation. Plausible theoretical rationales exist for the application of these strategies to smoking cessation, and a great deal of research with illicit drug users in laboratory or controlled treatment settings suggests such strategies can be effective. Contingency management methods have been effective in modifying smoking behavior in volunteers not seeking cessation assistance in highly controlled settings. Incentives have been used primarily as a component of worksite interventions, in community-wide quit-and-win programs, in quasiexperimental and experimental trials, and more recently with low-income pregnant women. Worksite studies have rarely been designed to isolate the impact of incentives. Nevertheless, they appear to be useful in these settings especially in increasing participation and increasing awareness about the deleterious effects of smoking. Quit-and-win programs are used widely in the United States and internationally and appear to attract many participants and produce modest quit rates. The quality of the evaluations of quit-and-win programs varies considerably, and none has employed rigorous control or comparison groups to sufficiently identify the effect of incentives. Recent controlled studies have yielded promising results with pregnant smokers, and larger trials are in progress. We discuss key methodological issues in mounting and evaluating incentive interventions, particularly during pregnancy, and discuss the practical and ethical issues arising from the use of incentives.
|
|
| 10. |
- Durazzo, T. C., et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction of Cigarette Smoking History With APOE Genotype and Age on Amyloid Level, Glucose Metabolism, and Neurocognition in Cognitively Normal Elders
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-2203 .- 1469-994X. ; 18:2, s. 204-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goal of this study was to determine if smoking history moderated the associations of age and APOE genotype (the most robust risk factors for AD) on brain amyloid deposition, glucose metabolism, and neurocognition in cognitively-normal elders. Methods: Participants (n = 264) were grouped according to their APOE epsilon 4 carrier status (epsilon 4 carrier: APOE4+; non-epsilon 4 carrier: APOE4-) and smoking status (smokers: at least 1 year of smoking during lifetime; never-smokers: no history of smoking). Approximately 89% of the smoking sample was former-smokers. We specifically tested for interactions of smoking status with APOE epsilon 4 carrier status and age on measures of cortical amyloid deposition, glucose metabolism, and neurocognition. Results: (1) smoking status interacted with APOE epsilon 4 carrier status, where smoker APOE4+ showed lower glucose metabolism and poorer auditory-verbal learning and memory than never-smoking APOE4-, never-smoking APOE4+, and smoking APOE4-; (2) smoking status interacted with age on measures of semantic fluency, processing speed/set-shifting and global neurocognition; smokers, irrespective of APOE epsilon 4 carrier status, demonstrated poorer performance with increasing age than never-smokers; and (3) smoking APOE4+ and never-smoking APOE4+ showed greater cortical amyloid deposition than never-smoking APOE4-and smoking APOE4-. Conclusions: The findings indicate consideration of smoking history is essential to both better understand the factors associated with neurobiological and neurocognitive abnormalities in elders, and the risk for development of AD-related neuropathology.
|
|
