| 1. |
- Jacobsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence and disability and the relationship with life satisfaction 6-15 years after traumatic brain injury in northern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0960-2011 .- 1464-0694. ; 21:3, s. 383-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to assess sense of coherence (SOC) many years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore the relationship between SOC and self-rated life satisfaction (LS) as well as measures of functioning and disability, sex, age at injury, injury severity and time post-injury. Sixty-six individuals (aged 18-65 years) who were 6-15 years post-injury were interviewed. Data on SOC (SOC-13 item scale), measures of functioning and disability (Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory, MPAI-4), LS (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and sex, age at injury, injury severity and time post-injury were analysed with hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The results showed that SOC in the study group did not differ from the general population and was strongly associated with LS. Regression analyses revealed that emotional factors, social participation, SOC, and time since injury, were more influential than sex, age at injury, and injury severity in explaining LS. It was concluded that SOC in this group of individuals with TBI who were many years post-injury was similar to nondisabled individuals. SOC, together with emotional factors, social participation and injury-related factors, were determinants of LS. These results confirm that LS after TBI is a complex phenomenon dependent on several factors that are important targets for rehabilitation professionals.
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| 2. |
- Lai, Haiping, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of platinum on the oxidation and sodium sulfate induced hot corrosion of NiAl diffusion coatings
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials at High Temperatures. - 0960-3409. ; 28:4, s. 302-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidation and corrosion properties at 900 degrees C of two coatings, one containing platinum and the other platinum-free, on IN792 were investigated. During the corrosion exposures, sodium sulfate salt was situated in the furnace together with the coated specimens. The temperature of the salt was kept above its melting point but lower than the temperature of the coating i.e. 900 degrees C. The exposure times ranged from 100 to 1000 h. The formed oxide scales were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. It is shown that the presence of Pt improves the protective properties of the coating against corrosion. The propagation stage of corrosion on the platinum-free coating is reached already after 100 h of exposure. On the other hand the scale formed on the platinum-rich samples still appeared to be protective even after 500 h. The details concerning structure and chemistry of the scales formed are presented and discussed.
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| 3. |
- Chapman, Jason W., et al.
(författare)
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Animal Orientation Strategies for Movement in Flows
- 2011
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0445 .- 0960-9822. ; 21:20, s. 861-870
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For organisms that fly or swim, movement results from the combined effects of the moving medium - air or water - and the organism's own locomotion. For larger organisms, propulsion contributes significantly to progress but the flow usually still provides significant opposition or assistance, or produces lateral displacement ('drift'). Animals show a range of responses to flows, depending on the direction of the flow relative to their preferred direction, the speed of the flow relative to their own self-propelled speed, the incidence of flows in different directions and the proportion of the journey remaining. We here present a classification of responses based on the direction of the resulting movement relative to flow and preferred direction, which is applicable to a range of taxa and environments. The responses adopted in particular circumstances are related to the organisms' locomotory and sensory capacities and the environmental cues available. Advances in biologging technologies and particle tracking models are now providing a wealth of data, which often demonstrate a striking level of convergence in the strategies that very different animals living in very different environments employ when moving in a flow.
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| 4. |
- Garm, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Box Jellyfish Use Terrestrial Visual Cues for Navigation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0445 .- 0960-9822. ; 21:9, s. 798-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Box jellyfish have an impressive set of 24 eyes of four different types, including eyes structurally similar to those of vertebrates and cephalopods [1, 2]. However, the known visual responses are restricted to simple phototaxis, shadow responses, and object avoidance responses [3-8], and it has been a puzzle why they need such a complex set of eyes. Here we report that medusae of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora are capable of visually guided navigation in mangrove swamps using terrestrial structures seen through the water surface. They detect the mangrove canopy by an eye type that is specialized to peer up through the water surface and that is suspended such that it is constantly looking straight up, irrespective of the orientation of the jellyfish. The visual information is used to navigate to the preferred habitat at the edge of mangrove lagoons.
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| 5. |
- Jafari, V., et al.
(författare)
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Construction and demolition lignocellulosic wastes to bioethanol
- 2011
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 36:11, s. 2771-2775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work deals with conversion of four construction and demolition (C&D) lignocellulosic wastes including OSB, chipboard, plywood, and wallpaper to ethanol by separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Similar to other lignocelluloses, the wastes were resistant to the enzymatic hydrolysis, in which only up to 7% of their cellulose was hydrolyzed. Therefore, the lignocellulosic wastes were treated with phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, or N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), which resulted in improving the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to 38.2-94.6% of the theoretical yield. The best performance was obtained after pretreatment by concentrated phosphoric acid, followed by NMMO. The pretreated and hydrolyzed C&D wastes were then successfully fermented by baker's yeast to ethanol with 70.5-84.2% of the theoretical yields. The results indicate the possibility of producing 160 ml ethanol from each kg of the C&D wastes at the best conditions.
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| 6. |
- Liu, Zhidan, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial fuel cell based biosensor for in situ monitoring of anaerobic digestion process.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 102, s. 10221-10229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A wall-jet microbial fuel cell (MFC) was developed for the monitoring of anaerobic digestion (AD). This biofilm based MFC biosensor had a character of being portable, short hydraulic retention time (HRT) for sample flow through and convenient for continuous operation. The MFC was installed in the recirculation loop of an upflow anaerobic fixed-bed (UAFB) reactor in bench-scale where pH of the fermentation broth and biogas flow were monitored in real time. External disturbances to the AD were added on purpose by changing feedstock concentration, as well as process configuration. MFC signals had good correlations with online measurements (i.e. pH, gas flow rate) and offline analysis (i.e. COD) over 6-month operation. These results suggest that the MFC signal can reflect the dynamic variation of AD and can potentially be a valuable tool for monitoring and control of bioprocess.
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| 7. |
- Ljunggren, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic comparison of a biological hydrogen process and a 2nd generation ethanol process using barley straw as feedstock.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 102:20, s. 9524-9531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A process combining dark fermentation and photofermentation for production of hydrogen is interesting due to its potential of producing hydrogen at a high yields. In this study, the hydrogen process is compared to a 2nd generation ethanol process with respect to cost and with the aim of increasing our understanding of the pros and cons and giving a clear picture of the present status of the two processes. The hydrogen production cost was found to be about 20 times higher than the ethanol production cost, 421.7 E/GJ compared to 19.5 E/GJ. The main drawbacks of the hydrogen process are its low productivity, low energy efficiency, and the high cost of buffer and base required to control the pH.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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3-Alkyl- and 3-amido-isothiazoloquinolin-4-ones as ligands for the benzodiazepine site of GABA(A) receptors.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-894X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a pharmacophore model of the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA(A) receptors, developed with synthetic flavones and potent 3-carbonylquinolin-4-ones, 3-alkyl- and 3-amido-6-methylisothiazoloquinolin-4-ones were designed, prepared and assayed. The suggestion that the interaction between the hydrogen bond donor site H1 with the 3-carbonyl oxygen in 3-carbonylquinolin-4-ones can be replaced by an interaction between H1 and N-2 in the isothiazoloquinolin-4-ones, was confirmed. As with the 3-carbonylquinolin-4-ones, the length of the chain in position 3 is critical for an efficient interaction with the lipophilic pockets of the pharmacophore model. The most potent 3-alkyl derivative, 3-pentyl-6-methylisothiazoloquinolin-4-one, has an affinity (K(i) value) for the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA(A) receptors of 13nM. However, by replacing the 3-pentyl with a 3-butyramido group an even more potent compound was obtained, with a K(i) value of 2.8nM, indicating that the amide function facilitates additional interactions with the binding site.
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| 9. |
- Saavedra, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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PIPKs are essential for rhizoid elongation and caulonemal cell development in the moss Physcomitrella patens
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 67:4, s. 635-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PtdIns-4,5-bisphosphate is a lipid messenger of eukaryotic cells that plays a critical role in processes such as cytoskeleton organization, intracellular vesicular trafficking, secretion, cell motility, regulation of ion channels and nuclear signalling pathways. The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) are phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs). The moss Physcomitrella patens contains two PIPKs, PpPIPK1 and PpPIPK2. To study their physiological role, both genes were disrupted by targeted homologous recombination and as a result mutant plants with lower PtdIns(4,5)P(2) levels were obtained. A strong phenotype for pipk1, but not for pipk2 single knockout lines, was obtained. The pipk1 knockout lines were impaired in rhizoid and caulonemal cell elongation, whereas pipk1-2 double knockout lines showed dramatic defects in protonemal and gametophore morphology manifested by the absence of rapidly elongating caulonemal cells in the protonemal tissue, leafy gametophores with very short rhizoids, and loss of sporophyte production. pipk1 complemented by overexpression of PpPIPK1 fully restored the wild-type phenotype whereas overexpression of the inactive PpPIPK1E885A did not. Overexpression of PpPIPK2 in the pipk1-2 double knockout did not restore the wild-type phenotype demonstrating that PpPIPK1 and PpPIPK2 are not functionally redundant. In vivo imaging of the cytoskeleton network revealed that the shortened caulonemal cells in the pipk1 mutants was the result of the absence of the apicobasal gradient of cortical F-actin cables normally observed in wild-type caulonemal cells. Our data indicate that both PpPIPKs play a crucial role in the development of the moss P. patens, and particularly in the regulation of tip growth.
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| 10. |
- Truex, Duane, et al.
(författare)
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The scholarly influence of Heinz Klein : ideational and social measures of his impact on IS research and IS scholars
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Information Systems. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0960-085X .- 1476-9344. ; 20:4, s. 422-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heinz Klein was a fine scholar and mentor whose work and life have inspired us to explore the notion of 'scholarly influence' which we cast as 'ideational' and 'social influence'. We adopt a portfolio of measures approach, using the Hirsch family of statistics to assess ideational influence and Social Network Analysis centrality measures for social influence to profile Heinz Klein's contribution to information systems (IS) research. The results show that Heinz was highly influential in both ideational terms (a significant body of citations) and social terms (he is close to the heart of the IS research community). Reflecting on the major research themes and scholarly values espoused by Klein we define a 'Kleinian view of IS research', grounded in Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action, and use that to frame four affirmative propositions to address what we observe to be a distortion and attenuation of the academic discourse on the evaluation of scholarly production. This paper argues that focus should be shifted from the venue of publication of the research to the uptake of the ideas contained in it, thus increasing the openness of the discourse, participation in the discourse, truthfulness, and reduction of the inequities in power distribution within academia. European Journal of Information Systems (2011) 20, 422-439. doi:10.1057/ejis.2011.16; published online 10 May 2011
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