| 1. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
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Hopeless patients? : A study of illicit opiate users who drop out from in-patient detoxification
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 13:2, s. 121-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individual and treatment-related factors associated with early self-discharge were studied among illicit opiate users consecutively admitted for hospital detoxification (ITT=68, n=45). Only 20% of the drop-outs had a detailed treatment plan, 20% participated in their own treatment planning, and none were enrolled in a methadone/buprenorphine programme at admission (compared with 60, 80, and 66%, respectively, of those retained in treatment). Having a treatment plan at intake improved the odds for planned discharge by 13 and perceiving fewer positive aspects of drug use increased the odds for drop-out by 12.6. A configural frequency analysis (CFA) showed one significant type: patients with sketchy or no treatment planning at intake, no maintenance treatment, and a low score on positive aspects of drug use were 7.5 times more likely to drop out than expected. Lacking a close maternal relationship characterized patients in this type (83% compared with 31% of non-types). Drop-outs seem to have insecure attachment patterns, which make contact difficult with social services and substance abuse treatment providers. Future research should devise ways of establishing a working alliance with patients likely to drop out, as well as investigating management policies for this patient group.
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| 2. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported and observed heroin overdoses in Malmoe
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 12:2, s. 119-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Object: The aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of non-fatal heroin overdoses for men and women in Sweden, a country with late onset of heroin use. Material: Subjects were recruited through the Syringe Programme and the Addiction Centre in Malmoe. A total of 149 subjects were interviewed, 108 men and 41 women. They were asked about their social situation, experienced and observed overdoses and circumstances around them. Results: Overdoses were very common; 74% of the subjects had experienced at least one overdose. Almost all, 96%, had observed at least one overdose in others and 32% had witnessed a fatal overdose. Actions taken were often insufficient. A combination with other drugs, mainly benzodiazepine and alcohol and/or a lowered tolerance for heroin after visits in institutions contributed to the overdose in a majority of the cases. Men and women differed in that men used concomitant drugs more often and women more often took heroin alone. Conclusion: Self-reported and observed non-fatal heroin overdoses were more common than expected. Contributing factors were found in the majority of the cases. Pure overdoses were more common in women.
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| 3. |
- Davey, Gareth, et al.
(författare)
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Beliefs about smoking cigarettes among adolescents in Yunnan Province, China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 28:4, s. 636-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Adolescence is an important time period in smoking experimentation and initiation. This study examined heterogeneity in key beliefs about smoking intention among Chinese adolescents.Methods: Survey data came from 951 students (18 and 19 years) in two high schools in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. The survey questions assessed smoking beliefs and perceptions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Regression and latent class analysis were utilized to identify key beliefs (i.e., beliefs that are most influential in smoking intention) and their heterogeneity.Results: Emotion-related beliefs were reported by both genders, highlighting the role of anxiety and stress in smoking intention. Female and male adolescents had different sets of key beliefs. There were distinct subgroups of beliefs in the sample (two among female adolescents, and three among male adolescents) characterized by disparate patterns of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs and smoking status.Conclusions: Considerable heterogeneity in belief profiles, which differs based on gender and smoking status, furnishes a more complete understanding of smoking intention among Chinese adolescents. Gender-specific anti-smoking interventions can be targeted to the beliefs of specific subgroups of adolescents. Stress management for students could also be a useful tool to prevent smoking uptake.
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| 4. |
- Dietze, P., et al.
(författare)
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The adverse consequences of drinking in a sample of Australian adults
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 16:2, s. 116-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the adverse consequences of drinking reported by a subsample of participants in the Australian arm of the GenACIS (Gender Alcohol and Culture: an International Study). Design and method: A random sample of adults (18+, N = 1,608) was interviewed by telephone for self-reported experience of adverse consequences of alcohol consumption. Results: Ten per cent reported experiencing either alcohol related life-area problems and/or physical/emotional/legal problems as a result of their drinking in the previous year. Around 4% reported getting into a fight after they had been drinking and 6% reported adverse effects of alcohol on their physical health. There were variations by age, and other correlates, such as drinking patterns, but not by gender. For example, while only 4% of the sample aged 35–44 reported being injured or injuring someone else, 17% of the sample aged under 25 reported being injured or injuring another. Conclusions: Young Victorians and those who reported riskier drinking were generally more likely to report experiencing adverse consequences than older Victorians and those who reported less risky drinking. This is important in the Australian context, with a focus on the harms associated with young people’s drinking the subject of much recent public debate.
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| 5. |
- Gidhagen, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of psychological treatment of patients with substance use disorders in routine care
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - Cardiff, Wales, UK : Taylor & Francis. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 22:3, s. 343-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: More knowledge is needed about outcome of treatments in routine care for patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). These patients often suffer from psychological distress in addition to SUDs. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of community-based psychological treatment on SUD patients’ psychosocial problems, as well as on their substance use. Design: All patients who were referred or self-referred for psychological treatment to a social worker or a psychotherapist at three outpatient treatment centers for SUD patients were asked to participate in the study. Methods: Ratings at treatment start and end were obtained on Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM, n = 100), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C, n = 49), and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (DUDIT-C, n = 27). Results: CORE-OM mean scores were significantly improved. In total 14% of the patients were recovered, 10% improved, and 5% deteriorated. Both AUDIT-C and DUDIT-C mean scores were significantly improved for patients with alcohol use and patients using illicit drugs, respectively. Conclusions: Routine psychological treatment had positive effects on psychological distress as well as on reduction of substance use. A substantial number of patients remained however unchanged, particularly regarding psychological distress. More studies with larger patient groups are needed to develop treatment for SUD patients in routine care.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hosseinkhani, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of alcohol consumption in most at-risk groups in Iran : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 28:2, s. 135-142
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Many studies have assessed the prevalence of alcohol consumption in Iran. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of alcohol consumption in different groups. Material and Methods: We searched international and databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and we searched two main Farsi-language index databases including Scientific Information Database (SID) and the Irandoc. Grey literature search was also performed in Google Scholar, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses without time limit until June 2020. All studies that reported the prevalence of alcohol consumption among Iranians were included in current study. Results: From 9,038 screened studies, 109 studies with 925,480 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption was estimated 24% (95% CI: 18.0–31.0), 12% (95%CI: 10.0–14.0), 14% (95%CI: 13.0–15.0), 19% (95%CI: 13.0–26.0), 15% (95%CI: 3.0–28.0) among prisoners, general population, students, drivers, and street children, respectively. Conclusion: This systematic review indicated higher prevalence of alcohol consumption in prisoners, drivers, and street children than the general population and other subgroups. The distribution of the alcohol prevalence studies in different groups and provinces were heterogeneous. The lack of studies among some groups and in regions warrants further, attention.
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| 8. |
- Hradilova Selin, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Social problems from drinking in the Swedish general population: Measurement and reliability
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa healthcare. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 12:2, s. 103-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The paper constructs and tests summary measures for different areas of alcohol-related problems, using general population data. The main emphasis is on the rather unexplored area of measuring social harm from drinking. Methods: The data analysed is a Swedish national survey on drinking behaviour and related consequences, collected in 2002 by means of telephone interviews with 5469 adult Swedes. In total, 38 items on both personal and social problems by respondents attributed to their drinking were subjected to factor analysis in order to identify different problem areas for which summary measures could be constructed. The psychometric properties of the measures were then tested. Results: In line with others’ findings, the problem items tended to load on a single factor. After Varimax rotation, 11 factors were built, only in part fitting a logical conceptual pattern. In the light both of the dimensions identified in the factor analysis and of face validity, measures of five areas of alcohol-related problems were constructed: impaired self-control, chronic health problems, public disorder, interpersonal problems and alcohol-related social problems. The last measure is a summary scale including both items covered by public disorder and interpersonal problems scales, as well as a few other items. In terms of internal consistency and test–retest reliability (analysing a smaller sample from a test–retest pilot study), the five measures showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Conclusions: In the light of others’ findings, the measures developed here seem to be more consistent and reliable than a number of other scales. In order to establish comparability, it seems reasonable to develop and test similar measures across different drinking cultures and, perhaps, modify them thereafter.
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| 9. |
- Hübner, Lena
(författare)
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Swedish public opinion on alcohol and alcohol policy, 1995 and 2003
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 17:3, s. 218-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To compare and discuss public opinions on alcohol and alcohol policies in Sweden. Data & Methods: Population survey, sent out by post to 3000 adult Swedes, 18-69 years of age, on two occasions, 1995 and 2003. Focus on attitudes towards alcohol, drinking and alcohol policies. Results: Public opinion on alcohol and alcohol policy has not changed very much when the years 1995 and 2003 are compared, although a slightly more restrictive view can be detected. But there were no dramatic changes in spite of a rapid and sharp increase of alcohol consumption during this period and changing foundations of alcohol policies due to the Swedish membership of the European Union (EU). Swedes seem somewhat more content with alcohol policies in 2003 compared with 1995 and show a more restrictive view when it comes to young persons and drinking. Conclusion: A slightly more restrictive view on alcohol can be detected in 2003 compared with 1995, and there seems to be continued support for population-wide and environmental measures in Swedish public opinion.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-
(författare)
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The relationship between affective associations with alcohol and binge drinking
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 17:1, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the relationship between affective associations with alcohol and binge drinking. Prior research on the proximal determinants of alcohol consumption has typically focused on cognitive factors such as outcome expectancies, leaving aside affect (i.e. emotional factors). Participants in this study were a random, nationally representative sample of Swedes aged between 18 and 70 (n = 1623, response rate 54%). The results showed that affective associations with alcohol are related to binge drinking, even after controlling for gender, age, education, family situation and perceived risk. This article concludes that affective associations probably should be considered in explanatory frameworks of alcohol consumption, although more research is needed on the causal relationship of affective associations to drinking habits.
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