| 1. |
- Cameron, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of the impact of including both waist and hip circumference in risk models for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and mortality
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 14:1, s. 86-94
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both a larger waist and narrow hips are associated with heightened risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. We review the risk of these outcomes for levels of waist and hip circumferences when terms for both anthropometric measures were included in regression models. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched (last updated July 2012) for studies reporting the association with the outcomes mentioned earlier for both waist and hip circumferences (unadjusted and with both terms included in the model). Ten studies reported the association between hip circumference and death and/or disease outcomes both unadjusted and adjusted for waist circumference. Five studies reported the risk associated with waist circumference both unadjusted and adjusted for hip circumference. With the exception of one study of venous thromboembolism, the full strength of the association between either waist circumference or hip circumference with morbidity and/or mortality was only apparent when terms for both anthropometric measures were included in regression models. Without accounting for the protective effect of hip circumference, the effect of obesity on risk of death and disease may be seriously underestimated. Considered together (but not as a ratio measure), waist and hip circumference may improve risk prediction models for cardiovascular disease and other outcomes.
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| 2. |
- Jacobsson, Josefin A., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms and ethnic diversity for studies on the obesity gene FTO
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 13:12, s. 1096-1109
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2007, the first common genetic variants were identified, which undoubtedly affect our susceptibility to obesity. These variants are located in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene FTO. Since then, over 50 loci for common obesity have been identified. As the research on these loci is still at an early stage, there is a great need to review, for clarification purposes, the current research on FTO, as this is likely to influence future studies. Based on the current knowledge, FTO seems to be directly involved in the regulation of energy intake, but there is an urgent need for the identification of regulatory polymorphisms. Thus, herein, we discuss current knowledge and highlight putative functional regions in FTO based on published data and computer-based analysis.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term changes in blood pressure following orlistat and sibutramine treatment : a meta-analysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 11:11, s. 777-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous meta-analyses investigating blood pressure effects of anti-obesity drugs have included studies using non-licensed doses, but not data from head-to-head studies. Furthermore, although diabetes is an important comorbidity in obesity, variation in blood pressure effects across diabetes status has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of orlistat and sibutramine. Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane controlled trials register and reference lists of identified articles from 1990 to February 2009 were searched. All placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials of 12-month duration or randomized head-to-head studies of any duration on adults using standard doses were included. Studies/study arms were excluded if they only evaluated weight maintenance after weight loss. Randomized controlled trials were identified, subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewed. Random effects models were used for assessment of weighted mean differences. Eighteen placebo-controlled (12 orlistat, 5540 patients; 6 sibutramine, 1495 patients) and four head-to-head trials (348 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Three orlistat and three sibutramine studies examined overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as did two head-to-head trials. Mean baseline SBP ranged from 119 to 153 mmHg, and mean DBP from 69 to 98 mmHg. Overall, the placebo-controlled SBP change was -1.9 (95% CI; -2.7, -1.1) mmHg for orlistat, and 0.5 (-1.1, 2.1) mmHg for sibutramine. The corresponding values for DBP were -1.5 (-2.2, -0.8) and 1.7 (0.7, 2.6). Compared with patients without diabetes, diabetic patients treated with orlistat experienced smaller and non-significant reductions of SBP (-0.9; -2.6, 0.7 vs. -2.2; -3.0, -1.3) and DBP (-1.0; -2.4, 0.3 vs. -1.6; -2.4, -0.8). For sibutramine, higher on-treatment elevations in SBP (1.6; -1.3, 4.5 vs. 0.1; -1.8, 2.0) and DBP (2.4; 0.6, 4.1 vs. 1.4; 0.3, 2.5) were seen in patients with vs. without diabetes. In head-to-head trials, the overall differences between sibutramine and orlistat were small and non-significant for both SBP (1.0; -2.3, 4.3) and DBP (-0.2; -2.9, 2.5). In conclusion, in the studies using approved sibutramine doses, the drug caused significant elevations in DBP, while the overall SBP effect was near null. Moreover, absence of a blood pressure-lowering effect of orlistat ad a higher DBP elevation by sibutramine were observed for persons with diabetes. Head-to-head studies indicated that an indirect comparison of placebo-adjusted blood pressure effects may overestimate the adverse effects associated with sibutramine, but these studies were small, of shorter duration and of lower quality.
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| 4. |
- Klingenberg, L, et al.
(författare)
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Short sleep duration and its association with energy metabolism
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 13:7, s. 565-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing body of observational evidence suggests that short sleep duration is a risk factor for the development of obesity. Although increased energy intake is the most prevailing causal explanation for this association, we should also consider possible effects on energy metabolism to understand fully the potential impact of short sleep duration on the regulation of energy balance. We performed a search of the literature from 1970 to 2011, including original papers, investigating the relation between short sleep and energy metabolism in animals and humans. Although the limited number of experimental studies in humans precludes any definitive conclusions about causality, short sleep duration does not seem to substantially affect total daily energy expenditure, nor is there sufficient evidence in support of any meaningful effect of restricted sleep on the specific components of energy metabolism (i.e. resting metabolic rate, intentional as well as unintentional physical activity, diet-induced thermogenesis, and substrate utilization). As studies on rats suggest that other factors that can potentially influence energy metabolism could be affected (i.e. hormonal systems and thermoregulation), we included these factors in our literature search and found some indications in support of an up-regulation of thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids as well as increased heat dissipation following total or severe sleep deficit. Although we found some evidence also in humans that suggests a possible effect on energy metabolism, the limitations of the studies make it difficult to draw conclusions on the effect of short sleep on energy metabolism under relevant free living conditions. To explore this area further, more studies using suitable methodology under relevant conditions to mimic real-life situations are needed.
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| 5. |
- Linné, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term weight development after pregnancy
- 2002
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Ingår i: Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1467-7881. ; 3:2, s. 75-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Manios, Yannis, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic approach for the development of a kindergarten-based intervention for the prevention of obesity : the Toy Box-study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 13:suppl1, s. 3-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing childhood obesity epidemic calls for appropriate measures and effective policies to be applied early in life. Large-scale socioecological frameworks providing a holistic multifactorial and cost-effective approach necessary to support obesity prevention initiatives in this age are however currently missing. To address this missing link, ToyBox-study aims to build and evaluate a cost-effective kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention scheme to prevent obesity in early childhood, which could potentially be expanded on a pan-European scale. A multidisciplinary team of researchers from 10 countries have joined forces and will work to realize this according to a systematic stepwise approach that combines the use of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and intervention mapping protocol. ToyBox-study will conduct systematic and narrative reviews, secondary data analyses, focus group research and societal assessment to design, implement and evaluate outcome, impact, process and cost effectiveness of the intervention. This is the first time that such a holistic approach has been used on a pan-European scale to promote healthy weight and healthy energy balance-related behaviours for the prevention of early childhood obesity. The results of ToyBox-study will be disseminated among key stakeholders including researchers, policy makers, practitioners and the general population.
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| 7. |
- Neovius, M, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of obesity in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1467-7881. ; 7:1, s. 1-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Nethe, A, et al.
(författare)
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Existing policies, regulation, legislation and ongoing health promotion activities related to physical activity and nutrition in pre-primary education settings : an overview
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 13:suppl 1, s. 118-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity prevention efforts for school-aged children and adolescents are increasing in number. However, little has been done to address the problem in the preschool age. To address this age group, an evidence-based preschool programme on physical activity (PA) and nutrition is developed within the ToyBox project. Environmental influencing factors such as policies and competitive health promotion activities could inhibit or induce a successful health promotion programme. This paper describes an overview of existing policies, legislation and/or regulations and health promotion activities in the preschool setting. Method: data were gathered on policies and activities aiming to improve healthy eating and PA of young children (age group 4-6 years) in Belgium-Flanders, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland and Spain. A limited number of influencing policies, regulations and/or legislation exists; agenda setting of health promotion and policy evaluations in all relevant policy areas was lacking. Also, health promotion activities in preschool the setting did not exist in all six European countries and high-quality preschool-based health interventions existed in three of the six ToyBox countries.
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| 9. |
- Rössner, S, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term weight loss and weight-loss maintenance strategies.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 9:6, s. 624-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that about 20% of subjects undergoing weight-loss programmes can achieve a certain degree of long-term success. At present, surgery remains the only method resulting in long-term sustained weight loss, but access remains restricted. Hence it is important to analyse, in addition to pharmacotherapy, the methods to improve the effects of diet, exercise and behavioural modification. Since these techniques are less spectacular than others, there is a risk that their potential will be overlooked, in spite of the fact that they remain the main alternative for most subjects undergoing weight-loss therapy. This review summarizes realistic treatment alternatives and also provides data from a day care treatment, a strategy not much reported in the literature. This is a standard treatment modality for diabetes but less common in obesity treatment.
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| 10. |
- Rössner, S
(författare)
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Obesity in the elderly--a future matter of concern?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1467-7881. ; 2:3, s. 183-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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