| 1. |
- Addo, Rebecka N., et al.
(författare)
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Olfactory Functions in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 46:3-4, s. 530-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often characterized by atypical sensory behavior (hyperor hyporeactivity) although evidence is scarce regarding olfactory abilities in ASD; 16 adults with high-functioning ASD (mean age: 38.2, SD: 9.7) and 14 healthy control subjects (mean age: 42.0 years, SD: 12.5) were assessed in odor threshold, free and cued odor identification, and perceived pleasantness, intensity, and edibility of everyday odors. Although results showed no differences between groups, the Bayes Factors (close to 1) suggested that the evidence for no group differences on the threshold and identification tests was inconclusive. In contrast, there was some evidence for no group differences on perceived edibility (BF01 = 2.69) and perceived intensity (BF01 = 2.80). These results do not provide conclusive evidence for or against differences between ASD and healthy controls on olfactory abilities. However, they suggest that there are no apparent group differences in subjective ratings of odors.
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| 2. |
- Barratt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Does the Kuleshov effect really exist? Revisiting a classic film experiment on facial expressions and emotional contexts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 45:8, s. 847-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to film mythology, the Soviet filmmaker Lev Kuleshov conducted an experiment in which he combined a close-up of an actor’s neutral face with three different emotional contexts: happiness, sadness, and hunger. The viewers of the three film sequences reportedly perceived the actor’s face as expressing an emotion congruent with the given context. It is not clear, however, whether or not the so-called “Kuleshov effect” really exists. The original film footage is lost and recent attempts at replication have produced either conflicting or unreliable results. The current paper describes an attempt to replicate Kuleshov’s original experiment using an improved experimental design. In a behavioral and eye tracking study, 36 participants were each presented with 24 film sequences of neutral faces across six emotional conditions. For each film sequence, the participants were asked to evaluate the emotion of the target person in terms of valence, arousal, and category. The participants’ eye movements were recorded throughout. The results suggest that some sort of Kuleshov effect does in fact exist. For each emotional condition, the participants tended to choose the appropriate category more frequently than the alternative options, while the answers to the valence and arousal questions also went in the expected directions. The eye tracking data showed how the participants attended to different regions of the target person’s face (in light of the intermediate context), but did not reveal the expected differences between the emotional conditions.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Sten Sture, et al.
(författare)
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Concave and convex phases in ambiguous figures showing colour shifts : Mach's figure and the AMBEGUJAS phenomenon
- 2011
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 40:1, s. 30-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two ambiguous figures (Mach's book-figure and the AMBEGUJAS phenomenon) have been studied. They show colour shifts synchronised with the shifts of their alternative phases. The perceived concave phase appeared to have chromatic surface colour, but the perceived convex phase can appear to be in coloured illumination and shadow (film colour). The two perceived reversible shapes of the Mach figure (the book and the tent) and the three perceived alternative shapes of the Mondrians used in the AMBEGUJAS phenomenon (a roof, a ceiling, and a tile) all can appear to have chromatic surface colours in their concave phases but appear to have coloured illumination and shadow in their convex phases
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Sten Sture
(författare)
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The AMBEGUJAS phenomenon and colour constancy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 33:7, s. 831-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AMBEGUJAS phenomenon is a reversible flat figure that is spontaneously shifting between two apparent 3-0 shapes-'tile' and 'roor. 2-0 perceptions have very rarely been reported. Tied to the shifts between the tile and roof shapes are remarkable changes of perceived colour. In our example, the tile appears to have orange (top half) and blue-green (bottom half) surface colours in white light. The roof appears grey but in an orange illumination and with a blue -green shadow. This phenomenon appears whether a grey display is presented in two coloured illuminations, or a chromatic display with two surface colours (orange and blue -green) is presented in white light. In the coloured illuminations the tile is an example of non-constancy, since its colours are non-veridical colour perceptions. The centre stripe of the display appears to have the same orange and blue -green colours as the lateral stripes but in a shadow. This seems like a colour constancy in a non-constancy situation. An alternative to the classical definition of colour constancy is discussed.
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| 6. |
- Brink, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Factors of significance for the ability of fighter pilots to visually indicate the magnitude of roll tilt during simulated turns in a centrifuge
- 2024
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 53:2, s. 75-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During coordinated flight and centrifugation, pilots show interindividual variability in perceived roll tilt. The study explored how this variability is related to perceptual and cognitive functions. Twelve pilots underwent three 6-min centrifugations on two occasions (G levels: 1.1G, 1.8G, and 2.5G; gondola tilts: 25°, 56°, and 66°). The subjective visual horizontal (SVH) was measured with an adjustable luminous line and the pilots gave estimates of experienced G level. Afterward, they were interrogated regarding the relationship between G level and roll tilt and adjusted the line to numerically mentioned angles. Generally, the roll tilt during centrifugation was underestimated, and there was a large interindividual variability. Both knowledge on the relationship between G level and bank angle, and ability to adjust the line according to given angles contributed to the prediction of SVH in a multiple regression model. However, in most cases, SVH was substantial smaller than predictions based on specific abilities.
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| 7. |
- Cecchetto, C, et al.
(författare)
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Relative Contribution of Odour Intensity and Valence to Moral Decisions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 1468-4233 .- 0301-0066. ; 46:3-4, s. 447-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meta-analytic evidence showed that the chemical senses affect moral decisions. However, how odours impact on morality is currently unclear. Through a set of three studies, we assess whether and how odour intensity biases moral choices (Study 1a), its psychophysiological responses (Study 1b), as well as the behavioural and psychophysiological effects of odour valence on moral choices (Study 2). Study 1a suggests that the presence of an odour plays a role in shaping moral choice. Study 1b reveals that of two iso-pleasant versions of the same neutral odour, only the one presented sub-threshold (vs. supra-threshold) favours deontological moral choices, those based on the principle of not harming others even when such harm provides benefits. As expected, this odour intensity effect is tracked by skin conductance responses, whereas no difference in cardiac activity – proxy for the valence dimension – is revealed. Study 2 suggests that the same neutral odour presented sub-threshold increases deontological choices even when compared to iso-intense ambiguous odour, perceived as pleasant or unpleasant by half of the participants, respectively. Skin conductance responses, as expected, track odour pleasantness, but cardiac activity fails to do so. Results are discussed in the context of mechanisms alternative to disgust induction underlying moral choices.
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| 8. |
- Ehrsson, HH
(författare)
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How many arms make a pair? Perceptual illusion of having an additional limb
- 2009
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 38:2, s. 310-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What are the natural constraints for the human body representation? Here I report a perceptual illusion where healthy individuals experience having two right arms, with both sensing touches applied to them. This effect reveals how visual and tactile signals from the body are integrated in a probabilistic fashion, resulting in a single limb being represented at two locations at the same time, giving rise to a perceptual duplication of this limb. This is an important observation because it suggests that even the gross morphology that we experience of ourselves is a construct resulting from dynamic and integrative processes in the perceptual systems.
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| 9. |
- Ekelund, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Does Expertise Reduce Rates of Inattentional Blindness? A Meta-Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 51:2, s. 131-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inattentional blindness occurs when one fails to notice a fully visible stimulus because one's attention is on another task. Researchers have suggested that expertise at this other task should reduce rates of inattentional blindness. However, research on the topic has produced mixed findings. To gain clarity on the issue, we meta-analyzed the extant studies (K = 14; N = 1153). On average, experts showed only a slight reduction in rates of inattentional blindness: 62% of novices experienced inattentional blindness compared to 56% of experts, weighted odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI [0.78, 2.28]. The relevance of the stimuli to the experts’ domain of expertise showed no notable moderating effects. The low number of the included studies, and the small sample sizes of the original studies, weaken our conclusions. Nonetheless, when taken together, the available evidence provides little support for any reliable influence of expertise on rates of inattentional blindness. © The Author(s) 2022.
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| 10. |
- Eklinder Björnström, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Visual word expertise : a study of inversion and the word-length effect, with perceptual transforms
- 2014
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Ingår i: Perception. - : Pion: Perception. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 43:5, s. 438-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The word-length effect may indicate whether reading is proceeding in an efficient whole-word fashion or by serial letter processing. If it is an index of an orientation-dependent expert reading mechanism, then it should show an inversion effect, with a large difference between upright and upside-down text that is specific for normally configured text. We measured response time of healthy subjects reading 3- to 9-letter words presented in normal configuration, in mirror reflection or spelt backward, in either upright or inverted orientation. The word-length effect showed an inversion effect specific for normal text, as it was not seen for either backward or mirrored text, a result that differed from that for simple mean response times. Also, the word-length effect was smaller for backward than for mirrored text, suggesting that reading of transformed text uses primarily local letters rather than global word forms. We conclude that the word-length effect is a suitable index of expert reading, and reveals that reading under perceptually difficult conditions relies on a sublexical letter-based strategy.
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