| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating risk and vulnerability assessments: a study of the regional level in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 9:1, s. 76-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk and Vulnerability Assessments (RVA) are performed on many levels of society by many different organisations. In the present paper we discuss how one can investigate if a system for RVA used in a country or a region fulfils its intended purpose. We show how the purpose of the Swedish system can be related to the actual form of the individual RVA documents. This is followed by a content analysis of all RVAs performed by the 21 County administrative boards (regional level) in Sweden in 2008 and 2010. Several of the documents do not display the necessary properties that would allow other agencies to use them as a basis for the national overview of risks and vulnerabilities. This means that the system for RVA cannot be said to achieve one of its purposes. Implications of this are discussed and suggestions on how to address this issue are given. Keywords:
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| 2. |
- Alvinius, Aida, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Structure versus freedom of action : Leadership during the rescue operation following the 2004 tsunami
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825 .- 1741-5071. ; 7:3-4, s. 304-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical understanding of leadership during a complex rescue operation following a major disaster in a foreign country. The analysis followed a grounded theory approach. Seventeen informants from three Swedish authorities were interviewed on leadership in the emergency handling of the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia. A theoretical conceptualisation was developed which includes three superior categories: antecedent conditions, situational constraints and core aspects of leadership. Within the last-mentioned superior category a core variable was identified: a balance between the need for structure and the need for freedom. Leaders who strive to create structure at the expense of freedom of action are less inclined to delegate and more likely to wear themselves out. Conversely, those who strive to create great freedom of action bypass many links in the organisational chain, thus 'short-circuiting' the organisation as a whole.
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| 3. |
- Baroutsi, Nicoletta
(författare)
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To observe and evaluate sensemaking : The development of the sensemaking interaction analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 18:2, s. 172-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systematic evaluations are vital to support learning and enhance performance in a crisis response. There are quantitative methods available today for evaluating crisis response management (CRM), but there are limiting factors negatively affecting their potential; They often involve techniques difficult to implement in real events, lack reliability testing, provide outcomes questionable from a learning perspective, are often not applicable across professions, and their correlation to effectiveness is rarely investigated. This paper exemplifies how these identified limitations can be addressed through an iterative development process, using a combination of theoretical knowledge and empirical data. The result is the sensemaking interaction analysis (SIA), a new method developed using techniques found in the design sciences. The idea behind SIA is that a crisis management team who collectively make sense of a crisis, its consequences, and possible actions will perform better than a team who fails to do so.
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| 4. |
- Beerens, Ralf Josef Johanna
(författare)
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Does the means achieve an end? : A document analysis providing an overview of emergency and crisis management evaluation practice in the Netherlands
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 15:3, s. 221-254
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaluations provide insights into the effectiveness of emergency exercises or the response to a disaster. A well-constructed process is key to capture evidence-based feedback that can support future learning and development. However, little is known about how they are performed in practice and whether they actually meet their intended purpose. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of how ‘operational emergency response evaluations’ are currently performed in the Netherlands. The study was based on an analysis of evaluation reports and supporting documents from all 25 Dutch safety regions. Outcomes were cross-checked by regional representatives. The findings show that a variety of approaches and designs are currently being used, which are not explicitly or logically linked. Most evaluations are isolated activities that do not build on each other. It is unclear how, and if, lessons identified become lessons learned, while the link between data collection and analysis and conclusions often remains vague. These issues undermine the validity of the evaluation and can have implications for its impact.
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| 5. |
- Bergstrand, Fredrik, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Using live video for information sharing in emergency response work
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825 .- 1741-5071. ; 6:3/4, s. 295-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents findings from a design-oriented study focusing on emergency response work. Traditionally, Information Technology (IT) for emergency response work has included en route navigation advice, resource management, hazard material databases, property information repositories and situation reporting using sketching functionality. Now, a new class of IT has become available, namely mobile live video capabilities. This paper presents initial findings from a study on how mobile live video capabilities can improve information sharing and situation awareness in emergency response work.
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| 6. |
- Berlin, Johan, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The dominance of mechanistic behaviour : A critical study of emergency exercises
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825 .- 1741-5071. ; 9:4, s. 327-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the focus is on emergency exercises between the police, rescue services and ambulance. By practising, it is assumed that the conditions improve for a quick normalisation after an incident. The purpose of this paper is to identify whether the exercises are designed after organic action logic and therefore can be assumed to strengthen the ability to handle emergencies. Data have been collected at two large, regional, full-scale exercises (2008 and 2012). Data collection has been done through observations and document studies. The study shows that mechanistic behaviour is quite prevalent in the two studied exercises. They are time consuming and put little emphasis on practising organic behaviour. Too complex exercise scenarios contribute to a low tempo, long waiting periods and slow implementation. To succeed, the exercises need to have a non-linear time sequence and limited scenarios that invite participants to focus on organisational interfaces.
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| 7. |
- Borell, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Improving emergency response capability : an approach for strengthening learning from emergency response evaluations
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 5:3/4, s. 324-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study are to develop and demonstrate an approach to improve emergency response capability by strengthening individual and organisational learning from the evaluations of specific emergency responses. An approach was developed based on theories of individual and organisational learning. It was applied to evaluations of three instances of emergency response in the city of Malmö. The findings indicate that the approach can improve experience-based learning in organisations and, thus, improve emergency response capability
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Brown, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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A plan for (certain) failure : possibilities for and challenges of more realistic emergency plans
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 5:3/4, s. 292-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calls for more robust societal emergency management capacities have grown shriller as the range of societal vulnerabilities widens. The development of workable plans is recognised as one means to increase capacity. However, scepticism persists that plans serve any significant function in guiding organisational emergency management. Plans nevertheless remain a de facto requirement for most organisations. Plans serve to reassure the organisations themselves, policy makers and the public that they are capable of managing emergencies. A more ‘realistic’ approach to plan development should be considered, which accounts for both the unpredictable nature of critical incidents and the possibility that organisational incapability makes it hard to manage. The authors argue that plans might serve to raise organisational and interorganisational self-awareness concerning potential vulnerabilities. If nothing else, plans serve a palliative function and, for that reason, are likely ‘here to stay’. As long as plans require significant resources to be developed and maintained, might they not be as relevant as possible to those organisations they are intended to guide? Various ways forward in the development of more ‘realistic’ plans which provide guidance in the face of critical incidents, but even partial if not complete organisational failure are suggested.
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| 10. |
- Danielsson, Erna, et al.
(författare)
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From common operating picture to situational awareness
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825 .- 1741-5071. ; 10:1, s. 28-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate what influences the formation of a common operating picture and situational awareness during collaborative efforts to deal with complex disasters. Particular focus is given to the relationship between the operating picture and situational awareness. The study was conducted using qualitative interviews and a grounded theory approach, and is based on interview data from three crisis events. The results show that the operating picture is influenced by information coming together from different sources and forming a snapshot of the event, a portrait which changes and is updated over time, while organisational belonging, role and occupationally specific knowledge provide a framework for and influence situational awareness. The results also show that the operating picture forms the basis for an occupationally specific and role-based situational awareness and its subsequent decision-making. Further studies on the relation between common operating picture, sense making and situational awareness are discussed.
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