| 1. |
- Beronius, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Bridging the gap between academic research and regulatory health risk assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in pharmacology (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4892 .- 1471-4973. ; 19, s. 99-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulatory risk assessment is traditionally based primarily on toxicity studies conducted according to standardized and internationally validated test guidelines. However, health risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is argued to rely on the efficient integration of findings from academic research. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of current developments to facilitate the use of academic research in regulatory risk assessment of chemicals and how certain aspects of study design and reporting are particularly important for the risk assessment process. By bridging the gap between academic research and regulatory health risk assessment of EDCs, scientific uncertainty in risk assessment conclusions can be reduced, allowing for better targeted policy decisions for chemical risk reduction.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bianco, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic risk scores and personalization of care in fatty liver disease.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4973 .- 1471-4892. ; 61, s. 6-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseis the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and metabolic comorbidities concur to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Improvement in risk stratification and development of effective therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are key unmet clinical needs. Knowledge emerging from genomics could meet this need. A polygenic risk score (PRS) is calculated by summing the number of trait-associated alleles carried by an individual, which can be weighted by their effectsize on the trait and captures the individual's genetic risk to develop a disease. In this review, we focalize on the potential use of PRSs for disease detection at an early stage and stratification of the risk of progression to severe forms. PRSs may represent robust instruments to implement targeted prevention programs, hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in at-risk individuals, and to develop precision medicine therapeutic approaches.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Degerman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
From PDE3B to the regulation of energy homeostasis.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4973 .- 1471-4892. ; 11, s. 676-682
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of obesity in the developed world is increasing at an alarming rate. Concurrent with the increase in the incidence of obesity is an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cGMP are key second messengers in all cells; for example, when it comes to processes of relevance for the regulation of energy metabolism, cAMP is a key mediator in the regulation of lipolysis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and pancreatic β cell insulin secretion. PDE3B, one of several enzymes which hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP, is expressed in cells of importance for the regulation of energy homeostasis, including adipocytes, hepatocytes, hypothalamic cells and β cells. It has been shown, using PDE3 inhibitors and gene targeting approaches in cells and animals, that altered levels of PDE3B result in a number of changes in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and in overall energy homeostasis. This article highlights the complexity involved in the regulation of PDE3B by hormones, and in the regulation of downstream metabolic effects by PDE3B in several interacting tissues.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dickson, Suzanne L., 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Enteroendocrine hormones-central effects on behavior
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4892 .- 1471-4973. ; 13:6, s. 977-982
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of appetite-regulating gut hormones alter behaviors linked to reward, anxiety/mood, memory and cognitive function, although for some of these (notably GLP-1 and CCK) the endogenous signal may be CNS-derived. From a physiological perspective it seems likely that these hormones, whose secretion is altered by nutritional status and by bariatric weight loss surgery, orchestrate neurobiological effects that are integrated and linked to feeding/metabolic control. Consistent with a role in hunger and meal initiation, ghrelin increases motivated behavior for food and, when food is not readily available, decreases behaviors in anxiety tests that would otherwise hinder the animal from finding food. Of the many anorexigenic signals, GLP-1 and PYY have been linked to a suppressed reward function and CCK (and possibly GLP-1) to increased anxiety-like behavior.
|
|
| 8. |
- Docherty, N. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Physiological adaptations following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the identification of targets for bariatric mimetic pharmacotherapy
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4892 .- 1471-4973. ; 25, s. 23-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present opinion article provides an overview of the key improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular health following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Some clinically important long-term complications of RYGB are also briefly described to contextualise the potential value of finding selective non-surgical means of replicating only the beneficial aspects of RYGB. Three biological responses linked to changes in gastrointestinal tract structure and function post-RYGB, that are implicated in the clinical efficacy of RYGB and that have actual or potential applications as non-surgical mimetic based approaches are addressed. These are (1) exaggerated post-prandial gut hormone responses; (2) local increases in undiluted bile in the gut lumen and augmented circulating bile acid and FGF19 concentrations and (3) compositional changes in the gut microbiota. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
