| 1. |
- Los, Marek Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Caspases : more than just killers?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Trends in immunology. - : Elsevier. - 1471-4906 .- 1471-4981. ; 22:1, s. 31-34
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteases of the caspase family constitute the central executioners of apoptosis, Several recent observations suggest that caspases and apoptosis-regulatory molecules exert important functions beyond that of cell death, including the control of T-cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression. Here, Los and colleagues propose a model that directly connects cell suicide mechanisms to the regulation of cell-cycle progression.
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| 2. |
- Abeler-Dörner, Lucie, et al.
(författare)
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Butyrophilins: an emerging family of immune regulators
- 2012
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Ingår i: Trends in immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4906 .- 1471-4981. ; 33:1, s. 34-41
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Butyrophilins (Btns) and butyrophilin-like (Btnl) molecules are emerging as novel regulators of immune responses in mice and humans. Several clues point to their probable importance: many of the genes are located within the MHC; they are structurally related to B7-co-stimulatory molecules; they are functionally implicated in T cell inhibition and in the modulation of epithelial cell-T cell interactions; and they are genetically associated with inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, initial immersion into the current literature can uncover confusion over even basic information such as gene names and expression patterns, and seemingly conflicting data regarding the biological activities of different family members. This review addresses each of these issues, concluding with the attractive potential of Btn and Btnl molecules to act as specific attenuators of tissue-associated inflammatory responses.
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| 3. |
- Agace, William, et al.
(författare)
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How vitamin A metabolizing dendritic cells are generated in the gut mucosa.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Trends in Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4981 .- 1471-4906. ; 33, s. 42-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) represent the major migratory DC population in the intestinal lamina propria and are believed to play an essential role in the initiation and regulation of mucosal adaptive immune responses. Small intestine (SI) CD103(+) DCs have an enhanced capacity to generate the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, a property that underlies their ability to induce the gut homing receptors CC chemokine receptor 9 and α4β7 on responding T and B cells, and enhance forkhead box P3(+) T regulatory and IgA plasma cell differentiation in vitro. In this review, we discuss the environmental signals that appear to promote vitamin A metabolising activity in SI CD103(+) DCs in the steady state and thus which may contribute to driving the unique nature of SI immune responses.
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| 4. |
- Agace, William
(författare)
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T-cell recruitment to the intestinal mucosa.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Trends in Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4981 .- 1471-4906. ; Oct 4., s. 514-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intestinal epithelium and underlying lamina propria contains large numbers of T cells that play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and defense against intestinal pathogens. Recent years have seen several significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms regulating T-cell localization to the intestinal mucosa. For instance, we now know that the small intestine 'imprints' gut homing properties on T cells by inducing the expression of specific integrins and chemokine receptors. Further studies have identified distinct subsets of intestinal dendritic cells that use retinoic acid to generate both gut-tropic and regulatory T cells. As our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the generation of gut tropic T-cell populations evolves, the possibility of targeting these processes for mucosal vaccine development and treatment of intestinal immune pathology become more apparent.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Borregaard, Niels, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrophil granules: a library of innate immunity proteins
- 2007
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Ingår i: Trends in Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4981 .- 1471-4906. ; 28:8, s. 340-345
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene expression profiling has revealed that circulating neutrophils rest between two major bursts of transcriptional and protein synthetic activities. The first occurs in the bone marrow. This equips the neutrophil with stocks of innate defense armory that are packaged into different granule subsets. The second burst occurs when the neutrophil exits circulation and migrates into tissues to find, capture and phagocytose microorganisms. This burst results in the synthesis and secretion of cytokines and chemokines that support resolution of inflammation and healing of damaged tissue. Gene expression profiling has revealed that neutrophils express a variety of innate immunity proteins, known previously only to be expressed in other cells. Likewise, it has become clear that some proteins previously thought to be specific to the neutrophil are expressed in epithelial cells during inflammation.
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| 7. |
- Bulfone-Paus, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Positive and Negative Signals in Mast Cell Activation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Trends in immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4906 .- 1471-4981. ; 38:9, s. 657-667
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mast cells are powerful immune modulators of the tissue microenvironment. Within seconds of activation, these cells release a variety of preformed biologically active products, followed by a wave of mediator synthesis and secretion. Increasing evidence suggests that an intricate network of inhibitory and activating receptors, specific signaling pathways, and adaptor proteins governs mast cell responsiveness to stimuli. Here, we discuss the biological and clinical relevance of negative and positive signaling modalities that control mast cell activation, with an emphasis on novel Fc epsilon RI regulators, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-independent pathways [e.g., Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2)], tetraspanins, and the CD300 family of inhibitory and activating receptors.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Cerenius, Lage, et al.
(författare)
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The proPO-system : pros and cons for its role in invertebrate immunity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Trends in immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4906 .- 1471-4981. ; 29:6, s. 263-271
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melanisation is an important immune response in many invertebrates. Recent evidence also strongly implies that the melanisation (prophenoloxidase activating) cascade is intimately associated with the appearance of factors stimulating cellular defence by aiding phagocytosis and encapsulation reactions. However, some controversy exists in the field, and at least in flies and mosquitoes, the successful combat of some pathogens does not seem to be dependent on phenoloxidase activity. This may be because of redundancy among separate immune mechanisms, inappropriate testing, species differences or a combination thereof. Recently, by using RNA interference against phenoloxidase or in specific host-pathogen interactions where the pathogen prevents melanin production by the host, convincing data have confirmed the importance of this cascade in invertebrate innate immunity.
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