| 1. |
- Ahrén, Bo
(author)
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Emerging dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes.
- 2008
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In: Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1472-8214 .- 1744-7623. ; 13:4, s. 593-607
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) prevents the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This increases circulating levels of active GLP-1, stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion, resulting in lowering of glucose levels and improvement of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Several DPP-4 inhibitors are emerging for therapeutic use. Most experience exists for sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin and alogliptin. They all improve metabolic control in type 2 diabetes in monotherapy and in combination therapy with metformin, sulfonylurea and thiazolidinediones. Vildagliptin and alogliptin have also been shown to improve glycemic control when added to insulin therapy, and sitagliptin improves glycemic control in triple therapy with metformin plus thiazolidinedione. DPP-4 inhibition also shows a favorable safety profile, high tolerability, only a minimal risk of hypoglycemia, and body-weight neutrality. The main clinical indication for DPP-4 inhibitors will be in the early stage of type 2 diabetes, in combination with metformin or other treatments in subjects with inadequate glycemic control on these treatments alone. The durability and long-term safety of DPP-4 inhibition, as well as clinical positioning in relation to GLP-1 mimetics, remain now to be established.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Karl Erik
(author)
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Emerging drugs for the treatment of bladder storage dysfunction
- 2022
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In: Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1472-8214 .- 1744-7623. ; 27:3, s. 277-287
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Current drug treatment of lower urinary tract disorders, for example, overactive bladder syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, is moderately effective, has a low treatment persistence and some short- and long-term adverse events. Even if combination therapy with approved drugs may offer advantages in some patients, there is still a need for new agents. Areas covered: New b3-adrenoceptor agonists, antimuscarinics, the naked Maxi-K channel gene, a novel 5HT/NA reuptake inhibitor and soluble guanylate cyclase activators are discussed. Focus is given to P2X3 receptor antagonists, small molecule blockers of TRP channels, the roles of cannabis on incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis, and of drugs acting directly on CB1 and CB2 receptor or indirectly via endocannabinoids by inhibition of fatty acid aminohydrolase. Expert opinion: New potential alternatives to currently used drugs/drug principles are emerging, but further clinical testing is required before they can be evaluated as therapeutic alternatives. It seems that for the near future individualized treatment with approved drugs and their combinations will be the prevailing therapeutic approach.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cederroth, CR, et al.
(author)
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An update: emerging drugs for tinnitus
- 2018
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In: Expert opinion on emerging drugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-7623 .- 1472-8214. ; 23:4, s. 251-260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Elad, Sharon, et al.
(author)
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Topical immunomodulators for management of oral mucosal conditions, a systematic review; Part II: miscellaneous agents.
- 2011
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In: Expert opinion on emerging drugs. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1744-7623 .- 1472-8214. ; 16:1, s. 183-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Topical immunomodulating preparations have utility in inflammatory/immune-mediated oral mucosal disease resistant to topical steroids, in immunologically mediated systemic disease with primary oral involvement or more severe lesions primarily involving the oral mucosa. AREAS COVERED: This paper is the second part of a systematic review of a variety of topical immunomodulators for management of immune/inflammatory oral mucosal conditions. The literature search revealed studies of azathioprine, benzydamine, GM-CSF and G-CSF, tetracyclines, retinoids, imiquimod, amlexanox, sirolimus and bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid. Weighted conclusions are provided for the topical use of each of the immunomodulators reviewed in the management of these oral diseases. EXPERT OPINION: Topical immunomodulators may be useful as second line treatment in several oral diseases, particularly oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Benzydamine was found to be preventive in radiotherapy-induced mucositis; however, it is unclear if this outcome is related to its immunomodulating effects or other mechanisms of action. Topical application of tetracyclines and retinoic acid also shows potential anti-inflammatory actions.
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