| 1. |
- Ahnland, Lars, 1974-
(författare)
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Inequality and bank debt in Sweden in 1919–2012
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1361-4916 .- 1474-0044. ; 22:2, s. 161-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study demonstrates a long-run relationship between inequality and the bank debt to GDP ratio in Sweden in 1919–2012. The findings suggest that much of the impact of the top income share on the debt ratio comes from changes in the profit share. Earlier research claims that the rich, via the banks, have lent their savings to the poor as a substitute for wage gains, but this description seems ill-suited for Sweden. An alternative explanation is that banks consider profits to be an indicator of the safety of a loan. This is more in line with the study’s findings.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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Irish GDP between the Famine and the First World War : estimates based on a dynamic factor model
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 23:1, s. 50-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major issue in Irish economic history is the lack of national accounts before the interwar period. This paper constructs new annual estimates of real GDP between 1842 and 1913 based on a novel two-stage econometric approach. Our results show that while living standards approximately tripled in this period, development was uneven with contractions in economic activity not only during the Great Famine but also between the late 1890s and the First World War. As a proof of concept, we also apply our methodology to Swedish data. The resulting estimates closely match existing historical national accounts.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, 1984
(författare)
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Wage Restraint in Scandinavia: in the Postwar Period or the Neoliberal Age?
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1361-4916 .- 1474-0044. ; 19:4, s. 359-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An influential interpretation of the strong growth performance in Western Europe in the 1950s and 1960s stresses the importance of wage restraint, trade unions holding back wages to increase investments. This article questions that interpretation, using a wage regression approach with eighty-five to ninety-six years of data on wages, inflation, unemployment, productivity, and other variables in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, focusing on the post-1950 period. It is shown that wages in fact increased faster than productivity in Sweden in the 1950s and 1960s and in Denmark and Norway in the 1960s. On the other hand, especially Denmark and Sweden saw wage restraint in the 1980s and 1990s. Overall the results of the article support a power-oriented interpretation of wage bargaining rather than the conventional postwar wage restraint story. In explaining the differences between the countries, the article discusses economic structure, post–World War II situation, and trade union ideology.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bohlin, Jan, 1952
(författare)
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The income distributional consequenses of agrarian tariffs in Sweden on the eve of World War I
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - 1474-0044. ; 14:1, s. 1-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After 1870 Swedish agriculture was transformed in the direction of more animal husbandry. Small farmers in particular specialized in animal produce. Agricultural protectionism, which was installed in response to increasing imports of overseas grain in the 1880s, primarily served the interest of large landowners specializing in bread-grain production. The impact of agrarian tariffs on the factor rewards of landowners, capitalists and workers is explored by means of a Computable General Equilibrium model of the Swedish economy in 1913. Landowners predictably benefited from agrarian tariffs, the more so if they specialized in bread-grain, as did rural workers. Urban capitalists would generally gain if agrarian tariffs had been dismantled. Real wages of workers in urban industries would most likely also improve, but the gain of urban workers was less clear-cut than for urban capitalists, being dependent on the degree of rural−urban labour mobility in response to wage changes.
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| 7. |
- Brea-Martinez, Gabriel
(författare)
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Materfamilias: the association of mother’s work on children’s absolute income mobility, Southern Sweden (1947–2015)
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 27:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the association of mothers’ income with children’s economic mobility in a period of increased women’s labor market participation in Sweden. I found that whether a mother was economically independent and had an income similar to that of the father during her children’s late childhood and adolescence positively associated with upward mobility. The results show a substantial association of mother’s income position to their daughters’ mobility, but not for sons’. Among the primary mechanisms, I argue that extra resources from mothers helped human capital investment through education and that mothers influenced daughters by a gendered role model.
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| 8. |
- Burnette, Joyce
(författare)
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The Paradox of Progress : the Emergence of Wage Discrimination in US Manufacturing
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 19:2, s. 128-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article tests for wage discrimination in US manufacturing during the nineteenth century and in 2002 by estimating the female-to-male productivity ratio and comparing it to the wage ratio. This method will not identify all forms of discrimination, but will determine whether women were paid wages commensurate with their productivity. There was no significant difference between the wage ratio and the productivity ratio in the nineteenth century, but in 1900 there is evidence of gender discrimination among white-collar workers. In 2002 the female-to-male productivity ratio was higher than in the nineteenth century, and the wage ratio was also higher, but the wage ratio was significantly lower than the productivity ratio, at least for workers older than thirty-five. The movement from the spot labor markets of the nineteenth century to the internal labor markets has allowed for the emergence of gender wage discrimination.
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| 9. |
- Cilliers, Jeanne, et al.
(författare)
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The shaping of a settler fertility transition : Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century South African demographic history reconsidered
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; , s. 421-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using South African Families (SAF), a new database of settler genealogies, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of women’s cohort fertility in settler South Africa between 1700 and 1900. We find parity rates of approximately seven children per woman until a decline begins starting with women born in the 1850s. We date the start of South Africa’s fertility transition to cohorts born in the 1850s, having children from the 1870s. Both average parity and the timing of the transition are similar to other settler societies suggesting that although the sample suffers from selection it does not bias the parity estimates.
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| 10. |
- Diebolt, Claude, et al.
(författare)
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Behind the fertility–education nexus : what triggered the French development process?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 21:4, s. 357-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The education–fertility relationship is a central element of the models explaining the transition to sustained economic growth. But many determinants of this relationship have not yet received more systematic attention. In this paper, we apply a three-stages least-squares estimator on French county-level data, including newly collected data, to better understand the causal effects running from education to fertility, and vice versa. We put forward the hypothesis that a decrease in fertility was strongly associated with greater schooling in France during the nineteenth century. Besides, we emphasize the relevance of taking account of gender equality and family organization when explaining the education–fertility relationship.
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