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- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Memories of significant episodes in child psychotherapy : An autobiographical memory approach
- 2006
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Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 79:2, s. 229-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, child psychotherapists (N = 31) were asked to retrieve emotionally valenced therapy episodes by using an autobiographical memory approach, with cue words to elicit specific therapy episodes (e.g. irritated, ashamed, loving, and elated). One group of teachers for the disabled (N = 10) and one group of music therapists (N = 9) were also tested and served as comparison groups. Results showed that all participants were able to retrieve memories of episodes. When asked to rate each memory, negative memories were returned to less often, and overall positive memories were rated as more easy to recall and more vivid. Memories derived from positive cue words were also judged to have a more positive compared with negative importance for outcome. Surprisingly, memories derived from the cue word irritated were seen as having more positive than negative importance for outcome. Finally, we checked memory specificity for each memory derived. A high degree of specificity was found overall (72-88%). In conclusion, cue words might be a useful way to generate specific memories of therapy episodes in future research. © 2006 The British Psychological Society.
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| 4. |
- Björck, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Self-image and treatment drop-out in eating disorders
- 2008
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Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - Leicester, UK : British Psychological Society. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 81:1, s. 95-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Drop-out from treatment is a serious problem in eating disorders which remains poorly understood. The present study investigated whether self-image and interpersonal theory could help to explain why eating disorder patients drop out of treatment. Method: Intake data on eating disorder patients who terminated treatment prematurely (N=54) were compared with patients who had completed treatment (N=54) and those who were still in treatment after 12 months (N=54). Self-image was assessed using the structural analysis of social behaviour (SASB), and comparisons were made on demographic and clinical variables. Results: Patients who dropped out had initially presented with less negative self-image and fewer psychological problems compared with remainers. Low levels of SASB self-blame discriminated drop-outs from completers and remainers and significantly predicted treatment drop-out. Discussion: Drop-out in eating disorders appears to be a complex phenomenon, not necessarily as pathological as often assumed. There may be important differences in the treatment goals of drop-outs and therapists; patients who drop out may be choosing to disengage at a time when symptom improvement creates space for closer examination of interpersonal issues.
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| 5. |
- Bragesjo, M., et al.
(författare)
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The credibility of psychodynamic, cognitive and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy in a randomly selected sample of the general public
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 77:3, s. 297-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To examine the credibility of psychodynamic, cognitive and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy in the general population. Methods: A random sample (N = 121) of individuals from the county of Östergötland in Sweden between 20 and 60 years of age rated written descriptions of the three forms of psychotherapy. Results: A clear majority of respondents rated cognitive and cognitive-behavioural therapies as more credible than psychodynamic therapy, although the latter was rated as the most credible form of psychotherapy among those who had previous experience of treatment for psychological distress. Conclusions: Each form of psychotherapy appears to have its own 'market segment' with a high degree of credibility to those within that segment.
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| 6. |
- Ferreira, Cláudia, et al.
(författare)
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Getting entangled with body image : Development and validation of a new measure
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 88:3, s. 304-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have highlighted the role of cognitive fusion on human suffering and a wide range of psychopathological conditions. Namely, this process has been regarded as a core aspect in eating disorders. Nevertheless, the study of cognitive fusion on eating psychopathology is scarce and a measure that specifically concerns body image was still to be created. The present study aimed therefore at developing and validating such measure, the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Body Image (CFQ-BI).Design and methods: The current study was conducted using different samples of both genders, collected in the general and student populations. The dimensionality of the CFQ-BI was tested through an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale's internal reliability and other psychometric qualities were also analysed.Results: The CFQ-BI's final structure was one-dimensional and comprised 10 items that assess body image-related cognitive fusion. This final structure explained a total of 73.41% of the variance. The adequacy of the questionnaire was corroborated through a CFA which revealed that CFQ-BI presents good global and local adjustment values and goodness-of-fit indices. Results also showed that the CFQ-BI holds a very good internal consistency (=.96), convergent, divergent and temporal reliabilities, and is able to discriminate cases from non-cases of eating psychopathology.Conclusions: The CFQ-BI was thus established as a short, robust, and reliable measure of body image-related cognitive fusion. This new measure may correspond to a significant contribution to research and clinical practice in the field of body image and eating-related difficulties.
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| 7. |
- Forsén Mantilla, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Insidious : The relationship patients have with their eating disorders and its impact on symptoms, duration of illness, and self-image
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : WILEY. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 91:3, s. 302-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesIn published clinical and autobiographical accounts of eating disorders, patients often describe their disorder in personified ways, that is, relating to the disorder as if it were an entity, and treatment often involves techniques of externalization. By encouraging patients to think about their eating disorder as a relationship, this study aimed to examine how young female patients experience their eating disorder as acting towards them, how they react in response, and whether these interactions are associated with symptoms, illness duration, and self-image. DesignStructural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) was used to operationalize how patients experience the actions of their eating disorder and their own reactions to the disorder. MethodThe relationship between patients (N=150) and their eating disorders was examined with respect to symptoms, duration of illness, and self-image. Patients were also compared on their tendency to react with affiliation in relation to their disorder. ResultsPatients' responses on the SASB indicated that they tended to conceptualize their eating disorders as blaming and controlling, and they themselves as sulking and submitting in response. Greater experience of the eating disorder as being controlling was associated with higher levels of symptomatology. Patients reacting with more negative affiliation towards their disorder were less symptomatic. ConclusionsWhen encouraging patients to think about their eating disorder as a relationship, comprehensible relationship patterns between patients and their eating disorders emerged. The idea that this alleged relationship may resemble a real-life relationship could have theoretical implications, and its exploration may be of interest in treatment. Practitioner points Patients were able to conceptualize their eating disorder as a significant other to whom they relate when encouraged to do so. Patients tended to experience their disorder as controlling and domineering. Exploring the hypothetical patient-eating disorder relationship may prove helpful in understanding dysfunctional relational patterns. Helping patients to rebel against their eating disorder could potentially aid in symptom reduction.
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| 8. |
- Forsén Mantilla, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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The unsafe haven : Eating disorders as attachment relationships
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : WILEY. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 92:3, s. 379-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Some patients with eating disorders (EDs) seem to experience their illness as an entity, a symbolic other to whom they relate, and which may influence both symptom levels and self-image. Extending previous research, this study investigated whether the patient-ED relationship has attachment qualities. Design Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour was used to operationalize the patient-ED relationship, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire was used to measure attachment. Method We examined ED patients' (N = 148) relationship with their ED, attachment behaviour, symptoms, and self-image. Attachment dimensions of Confidence, Anxious/ambivalence, and Avoidance were found to be significantly correlated with aspects of the patient-ED relationship. Introjection (i.e., whether ED actions were incorporated into patients' self-image) was investigated by examining the match between self-image profiles and the actions of patients' EDs. A double mediation model was tested in which ED control/emancipation and patients' Self-blame mediated the effect of attachment security on ED symptoms. Results Attachment insecurity was associated with greater ED control and patient submission. In 28.5% of patients, there was a high degree of correlation between self-image and ED action profile. Data supported the mediation model. Conclusions Attachment processes appear to be associated with the manner in which ED patients relate to their disorder, at least in some cases. Attempts to maintain psychological proximity to the ED as an introjected attachment figure may help to explain treatment resistance and ambivalence about change. This perspective may be useful in treatment. Practitioner points Attachment behaviours are associated with the patient-ED relationship, in which attachment insecurity is correlated with greater eating disorder control and patient submission. Some patients seem to incorporate the actions of the ED in their self-image, suggesting the presence of introjection. The patient-ED relationship may help explain patients' anxiety and ambivalence about change, seen from an attachment perspective. In treatment, it may be important to explore alternative safe havens and secure bases to the ED, such as interpersonal relationships and activities.
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| 9. |
- Frankl, My, et al.
(författare)
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Psychotherapy role expectations and experiences Discrepancy and therapeutic alliance among patients with substance use disorders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 87:4, s. 411-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe main aim of the study was to examine how the discrepancy between role expectations prior to psychotherapy and experiences of ongoing psychotherapy related to therapeutic alliance. We hypothesized that a similarity between patient role expectations and experiences would be associated with a stronger alliance. The study also examined whether different dimensions of psychotherapy role expectations predicted retention in psychotherapy. DesignA naturalistic study design was used with data collected prior to therapy and during the first 6months of therapy. MethodPatients with substance use disorders completed the Psychotherapy Expectation Questionnaire-short version (PEX-S) at the time of therapy assessment. A subsample of these patients (n=41; n=24 in individual therapy and n=17 in group therapy) provided data from therapy including psychotherapy experiences (also measured with PEX-S) and therapeutic alliance, measured with Working Alliance Questionnaire-short version. ResultsFor patients in group therapy, discrepancy between role expectations and experiences correlated negatively with alliance. Expectations prior to psychotherapy characterized by defensiveness correlated negatively with therapy retention. ConclusionThe finding that disconfirmation of patients' role expectations in group therapy were associated with weaker therapeutic alliance highlights the importance of discussing psychotherapy expectations at an early stage in treatment. Expectations characterized by defensiveness predicted worse retention in psychotherapy, which indicates that the PEX-S can be helpful in detecting patients at risk for dropout. Practitioner points In targeting a patient's role expectancies prior to treatment, possible discrepancies between patient and therapist are made visible and possible to examine. Clarifying the patient's role expectations and the therapist's rationale might be a first step towards establishing a strong working alliance. Surveying the patient's defensiveness tendencies at the beginning of therapy offers a chance to discuss possible fears and other obstacles concerning therapy. Discrepancy between the patient's role expectations prior to treatment and their actual experiences of psychotherapy render valuable information that can be of use in the therapy process. 10.1111/(ISSN)2044-8341
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| 10. |
- Frovenholt, J., et al.
(författare)
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How do experiences of psychiatric care affect the perceived credibility of different forms of psychotherapy?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Psychology and Psychotherapy. - 1476-0835 .- 2044-8341. ; 80:2, s. 205-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The study examined the influence of experience with psychiatric treatment on the perceived credibility of psychodynamic (PDT), cognitive (CT) and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy (CBT). Methods. Written descriptions of the three forms of psychotherapy were rated by three groups of subjects with different levels of experience of psychiatric treatment, a random community sample with the normal level of psychiatric treatment (N = 121), psychiatric out-patients with limited previous experience of psychiatric care (N = 118), and a group of psychiatric veterans with long experience of psychiatric care (N = 48). Results. Besides a significant main effect of psychotherapy form on credibility, the interaction between psychotherapy form and level of previous experience of psychiatric care was highly significant. When respondents ranked the three forms of psychotherapy, there was an overrepresentation of preferences for CBT (and 'don't know' responses) among the general public, whereas the two patient samples were less indecisive and more often preferred PDT and, in particular, CT. Conclusions. Different forms of psychotherapy appear to have their own market segments, the size of which varies depending on previous experiences of psychological distress and psychiatric treatment. © 2007 The British Psychological Society.
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