| 1. |
- Al Weswasi, Enes, 1985-
(författare)
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Estimating the incapacitation effect among first-time incarcerated offenders
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To estimate how many offenses are averted through the incapacitation of first-time incarcerated offenders with sentences of two years or less. Methods: The counterfactual challenge of estimating criminal acts that would have been committed had the offender not been incarcerated is approached utilizing a matching design. Data comprise all offenders convicted in Sweden in 2018, matched on a vector of time-stable and time-varying covariates drawn from an extensive set of Swedish registers. Each incarcerated offender is matched to a nonincarcerated offender whose offending frequency is used to infer the incapacitation effect. Full sample estimates are provided as well as subgroup estimates for males, females, and various risk groups. Results: The annual incapacitation effect for first-time incarcerated offenders is estimated to be 0.53 when measured as the number of averted convictions and 1.14 when measured as the number of averted offenses that would have resulted in a conviction. For males, the annual number of convictions averted through incapacitation is 0.51, and for females 0.37. For the highest risk group, the annual number of averted convictions is 1.22, and the number of averted offenses resulting in conviction is 2.55. For offenders in the low-to-medium risk groups, the corresponding figures are approximately 0.31 averted convictions and approximately 0.68 averted offenses. Conclusion: For first-time incarcerated offenders, the incapacitation effect is modest and the heterogeneous effects found across different risk groups warrant considering whether the crime-preventive effect is sufficiently large for low-risk inmates and whether noncustodial sanctions might constitute an alternative that would ease overcrowding without producing any considerable risk for costs in terms of recidivism.
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| 2. |
- Alm, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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‘When it rains, it pours’ : Housing evictions and criminal convictions in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 19:4, s. 612-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precarious housing and criminal behaviour are both important elements in processes of marginalization and cumulative disadvantage. It is well known that housing eviction primarily affects the weakest groups in society. In this article we ask if housing eviction has an independent effect on subsequent criminality and if the effect varies across different types of crime (utilitarian, violent and drug crime). Using propensity score matching on administrative register data covering all housing evictions in Sweden 2009, linked with crime registers and registers containing other relevant background information, we find that eviction increases the conviction rates for all analysed crime types, utilitarian crime in particular.
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| 3. |
- Atak, Kivanc, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Popular uprisings in Turkey : Police culpability and constraints on dialogue-oriented policing in Gezi Park and beyond
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 13:5, s. 610-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The policing of riots and uprisings poses severe challenges to the police. Yet the police are often culpable in the disturbances touched off by a precipitating incident of police violence or a crackdown on a peaceful protest. The Gezi Park uprisings in Turkey also broke out shortly after excessive force by the Istanbul police against a handful of peaceful activists in Taksim Square. In the aftermath of the mobilizations, however, a drift towards a ‘zero-tolerance’ approach has prevailed over protest control strategies. Drawing on field notes, interviews with activists, excerpts from the news media, protest event analysis and secondary literature, we argue that the chances of dialogue-oriented policing are hampered by two major predicaments in Turkey. The first pertains to the negative biases in police perceptions about protests and protesters that serve to justify and perpetuate a conflict-driven understanding of policing. The second is rooted in the institutional and policy realm and stems from the prevalence of a law-and-order approach to crowd control and public order.
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| 4. |
- Balvig, Flemming, et al.
(författare)
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The public sense of justice in Scandinavia : A study of attitudes towards punishments
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 12:3, s. 342-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crime policy is increasingly legitimised by reference to the public sense of justice. A research project has therefore been conducted in all five Scandinavian countries in order to examine the public’s views on punishment. These views have been examined by means of simple questions in telephone interviews, by vignettes in postal questionnaires, and by focus groups having seen a film of a mock trial. The results show that when asked simple questions, the public want stiffer sentences. In their assessments of the vignette crimes, the public demands on average lower prison sentences than judges, and this tendency becomes stronger in the focus group study. The propensities towards punitiveness seem to diminish with more information and increasing proximity to the parties involved.
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| 5. |
- Barker, Vanessa, 1971-
(författare)
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Nordic Vagabonds : The Roma and the Logic of Benevolent Violence in the Swedish Welfare State
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 14:1, s. 120-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, control of the mobile poor is often driven by the needs and demands of the welfare state itself and follows a different logic outside the neoliberal paradigm. By examining the case of the Roma, EU citizens who travel to Sweden to ask for money on the streets, we can see the expansion and retraction of the criminal law as the government responds to new forms of migration and poverty in its society. The government’s mixed responses – no to bans on begging, but yes to evictions – are the result of dualities inherent in Nordic welfare states, when their inclusionary ameliorative dimensions collide with their exclusionary and nationalistic tendencies. This article proposes the term benevolent violence to conceptualize this duality. It occurs when coercive means are used to uphold the state’s ameliorative goals and when the state’s ameliorative practices have violent effects. In the case of the Roma, it means protecting them from their own livelihood and it means protecting the welfare state for nationals, keeping it solvent for members.
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| 6. |
- Beckley, Amber, 1981-
(författare)
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Correlates of war? Towards an understanding of nativity-based variation in immigrant offending
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - London : Sage Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 10:4, s. 408-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study uses Swedish register data to assess the impact of war in the home country on the individual likelihood of registered violent crime among young male immigrants in Stockholm, Sweden. War in the home country during a migrant’s residence is significantly related to a higher likelihood of registration for a violent crime. However, these results were not sustained in a sensitivity analysis, which considered serious property crime. Analysis of the history of war in the home country produces effects opposite to those predicted, with more years of war reducing the likelihood of violent crime. These findings indicate that war is capturing other factors, within the home or the receiving country, that may be related to violent crime.
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| 7. |
- Beckley, Amber L., 1981-
(författare)
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Correlates of War? Towards an understanding of nativity-based variation in immigrant offending
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 10:4, s. 408-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study uses Swedish register data to assess the impact of war in the home country on the individual likelihood of registered violent crime among young male immigrants in Stockholm, Sweden. War in the home country during a migrant’s residence is significantly related to a higher likelihood of registration for a violent crime. However, these results were not sustained in a sensitivity analysis, which considered serious property crime. Analysis of the history of war in the home country produces effects opposite to those predicted, with more years of war reducing the likelihood of violent crime. These findings indicate that war is capturing other factors, within the home or the receiving country, that may be related to violent crime.
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| 8. |
- Body-Gendrot, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to the special issue
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 13:5, s. 537-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing environments to promote safety in libraries
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to investigate how changes in the environment of a library affect thesafety conditions of both visitors and staff. Using principles of Crime Prevention ThroughEnvironmental Design, crime and incidents of public disturbance from 2017 to 2020 from librariesin Stockholm, Sweden, are analyzed and later mapped using 3D models in CAD. These findings areinspected via fieldwork visits and then compared with answers from a safety survey with libraryvisitors (N=112) and interviews with library personnel (N=6). Analysis of variance shows thatcrime and incidents of public disturbance decrease after these interventions, with clear impactson their geography. A third of visitors indicate that there have been fewer problems after changes in the library are introduced while staff suggests that training prepares them to manage conflictsituations more efficiently. The study concludes with a critical assessment of the methodologyand makes suggestions to improve safety conditions in libraries.
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| 10. |
- Ceccato, Vania, 1968-
(författare)
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Crime dynamics at Lithuanian borders
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : Sage Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 4:2, s. 131-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article compares levels and patterns of offences in different parts of Lithuaniawith the aim of assessing whether border regions are more susceptible to crimethan the rest of the country. The article focuses on identifying and explainingthese patterns for selected categories of offences while taking account ofcontextual factors. Spatial statistical techniques and Geographic InformationSystems underpin the methodology employed. Findings suggest that there arevariations in the level and geography of offences between border regions and therest of the country. Despite the fact that the highest average increases in recordedcriminal offences were found in two border regions, non-border regions had ahigher average increase in the 1990s. This partially explains why, out of the sixselected offences, only assault shows an increase owing to the ‘border effect’. Theproportion of the population living in urban areas is by far the most importantcovariate in explaining the regional variations in offence ratios.
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